{"id":8756,"date":"2025-01-06T04:15:14","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T01:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javada-kalitim-ve-cok-bicimlilik-super-siniflar-ve-alt-siniflar\/"},"modified":"2025-01-06T04:15:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T01:15:14","slug":"javada-kalitim-ve-cok-bicimlilik-super-siniflar-ve-alt-siniflar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javada-kalitim-ve-cok-bicimlilik-super-siniflar-ve-alt-siniflar\/","title":{"rendered":"Java&#8217;da Kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik: S\u00fcper S\u0131n\u0131flar ve Alt S\u0131n\u0131flar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<p>Java&#8217;da Kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik: S\u00fcper S\u0131n\u0131flar ve Alt S\u0131n\u0131flar<\/p>\n<p>Nesne y\u00f6nelimli programlama (OOP) prensiplerinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ikisi olan kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlilik, Java&#8217;da kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve kodun daha esnek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Bu makalede, bu iki \u00f6nemli kavram\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak inceleyece\u011fiz ve \u00f6rneklerle peki\u015ftirece\u011fiz.  \u00d6ncelikle kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ele alal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<h2>Kal\u0131t\u0131m (Inheritance)<\/h2>\n<p>Kal\u0131t\u0131m, bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n (alt s\u0131n\u0131f veya t\u00fcretilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f) ba\u015fka bir s\u0131n\u0131ftan (s\u00fcper s\u0131n\u0131f veya temel s\u0131n\u0131f) \u00f6zelliklerini ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 miras almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir mekanizmad\u0131r.  Bu sayede, alt s\u0131n\u0131f, s\u00fcper s\u0131n\u0131fta tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan alanlar\u0131 ve metotlar\u0131 do\u011frudan kullanabilir ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc yeni \u00f6zellik ve davran\u0131\u015flar ekleyebilir.  Bunun sonucunda kod tekrar\u0131 azal\u0131r ve daha d\u00fczenli bir kod yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulur.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir &#8220;Hayvan&#8221; s\u00fcper s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131m\u0131z varsa, bu s\u0131n\u0131ftan &#8220;K\u00f6pek&#8221; ve &#8220;Kedi&#8221; gibi alt s\u0131n\u0131flar t\u00fcretebiliriz.  Bu alt s\u0131n\u0131flar, &#8220;Hayvan&#8221; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelliklerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ya\u015f, cinsiyet) miras al\u0131rlar ve kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, havlama, miyavlama) ekleyebilirler.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">\n\/\/ S\u00fcper s\u0131n\u0131f\nclass Hayvan {\n  String isim;\n  int yas;\n\n  Hayvan(String isim, int yas) {\n    this.isim = isim;\n    this.yas = yas;\n  }\n\n  void sesCikar() {\n    System.out.println(\"Bir ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\");\n  }\n}\n\n\/\/ Alt s\u0131n\u0131f\nclass Kopek extends Hayvan {\n  Kopek(String isim, int yas) {\n    super(isim, yas);\n  }\n\n  void havla() {\n    System.out.println(\"Hav hav!\");\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, &#8220;Kopek&#8221; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 &#8220;Hayvan&#8221; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan kal\u0131t\u0131m al\u0131r ve &#8220;havla&#8221; metodunu ekler.  &#8220;super()&#8221; anahtar kelimesi, s\u00fcper s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yap\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik (Polymorphism)<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c7ok bi\u00e7imlilik, ayn\u0131 isimli metodun farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesidir.  Bu, program\u0131n daha esnek ve geni\u015fletilebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Java&#8217;da \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlilik, kal\u0131t\u0131m ve aray\u00fczler (interfaces) ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fimizdeki &#8220;sesCikar&#8221; metodu, hem &#8220;Hayvan&#8221; hem de &#8220;Kopek&#8221; s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanabilir; ancak her s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde davranabilir.  Bu, &#8220;runtime polymorphism&#8221; (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlili\u011fi) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">\npublic class Main {\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    Hayvan hayvan = new Hayvan(\"Hayvan\", 5);\n    Kopek kopek = new Kopek(\"Karaba\u015f\", 3);\n\n    hayvan.sesCikar(); \/\/ \"Bir ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\" yazd\u0131r\u0131r\n    kopek.sesCikar(); \/\/ \"Bir ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\" yazd\u0131r\u0131r (Hayvan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan miras al\u0131n\u0131r)\n    kopek.havla();     \/\/ \"Hav hav!\" yazd\u0131r\u0131r\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte,  &#8220;sesCikar&#8221; metodu her iki s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7in de farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde davranmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ayn\u0131 isimle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilir.  Bu, kodun daha okunabilir ve daha kolay y\u00f6netilebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Ayr\u0131ca, yeni s\u0131n\u0131flar ekledi\u011finizde, mevcut kodunuzu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden yeni davran\u0131\u015flar ekleyebilirsiniz.  Bu, OOP&#8217;nin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelliktir.<\/p>\n<p>Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in  <a href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\">fatihsoysal.com<\/a>  sitesini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.  Konu hakk\u0131nda daha derinlemesine bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in,  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/java\/technologies\/javase\/documentation.html\">Oracle Java Dok\u00fcmantasyonu<\/a>  da faydal\u0131 bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlilik, Java&#8217;da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek kod yazmak i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz unsurlard\u0131r.  Bu kavramlar\u0131 anlayarak, daha temiz, daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve daha kolay geni\u015fletilebilir uygulamalar geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.  Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a bu kavramlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi daha da belirginle\u015fir.  Ancak, dikkatli kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekir; aksi takdirde, kod karma\u015fas\u0131na neden olabilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7oklu kal\u0131t\u0131m gibi karma\u015f\u0131k konulara girmeden \u00f6nce, temel kavramlar\u0131 iyice kavramak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>#Etiketler: Java, Kal\u0131t\u0131m, \u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik, Polimorfizm, Inheritance, Polymorphism, S\u00fcper S\u0131n\u0131f, Alt S\u0131n\u0131f, Nesne Y\u00f6nelimli Programlama, OOP<\/p>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Java&#8217;da Kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik: S\u00fcper S\u0131n\u0131flar ve Alt S\u0131n\u0131flar Nesne y\u00f6nelimli programlama (OOP) prensiplerinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ikisi&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8756","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Java&#039;da Kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00c7ok Bi\u00e7imlilik: S\u00fcper S\u0131n\u0131flar ve Alt S\u0131n\u0131flar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nesne y\u00f6nelimli programlama (OOP) prensiplerinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ikisi olan kal\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlilik, Java&#039;da kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve kodun daha esnek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 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