{"id":42731,"date":"2026-06-21T17:01:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T14:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=42731"},"modified":"2026-06-21T17:01:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T14:01:53","slug":"bgp-duyurularini-ve-yonlerini-ubuntu-18-04te-bgpalerter-ile-izleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bgp-duyurularini-ve-yonlerini-ubuntu-18-04te-bgpalerter-ile-izleme\/","title":{"rendered":"BGP Duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u00f6nlerini Ubuntu 18.04’te BGPalerter ile \u0130zleme"},"content":{"rendered":"

BGP Duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u00f6nlerini Ubuntu 18.04’te BGPalerter ile \u0130zleme<\/h2>\n

\u0130nternet’in omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan S\u0131n\u0131r A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc (BGP), a\u011flar aras\u0131ndaki y\u00f6nlendirme bilgilerinin de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015funu sa\u011flar. Bu protokol\u00fcn etkin bir \u015fekilde izlenmesi, a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, performans ve g\u00fcvenilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. BGPalerter, BGP duyurular\u0131ndaki anormal veya \u015f\u00fcpheli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri tespit etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerinde BGPalerter’\u0131 kurmay\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 ve BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kullanmay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

BGP ve \u00d6nemi<\/h3>\n

BGP, \u0130nternet’teki \u00f6zerk sistemler (AS) aras\u0131ndaki yollar\u0131 belirleyen bir protokol olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Her \u00f6zerk sistem, kendi y\u00f6nlendirme politikas\u0131n\u0131 belirler ve bu politikalar do\u011frultusunda di\u011fer \u00f6zerk sistemlere hangi IP adres bloklar\u0131na ula\u015fabilece\u011fini duyurur. Bu duyurular, BGP tablolar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r ve y\u00f6nlendirme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

BGP’nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u0130nternet’in kesintisiz ve verimli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, BGP’nin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar, operasyonel hatalar veya k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonucunda anormal durumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu anormal durumlar aras\u0131nda \u015funlar bulunabilir:<\/p>\n

* Rota S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 (Route Leaks):<\/strong> Bir AS’nin, kendi eri\u015fim alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki y\u00f6nlendirme bilgilerini yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla veya kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fka bir AS’ye duyurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, trafik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131na ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.
\n* Y\u00f6nlendirme Anormallikleri (Routing Anomalies):<\/strong> Beklenmedik veya anormal y\u00f6nlendirme de\u011fi\u015fiklikleridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir AS’nin aniden \u00e7ok daha fazla veya az say\u0131da prefix duyurmas\u0131, rota s\u00fcresinin (path length) a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uzamas\u0131 veya k\u0131salmas\u0131 gibi durumlar.
\n* BGP Ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 (BGP Hijacks):<\/strong> Bir AS’nin, asl\u0131nda kendisine ait olmayan IP adres bloklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, trafik y\u00f6nlendirmesini manip\u00fcle etmek, veri \u00e7almak veya hizmet kesintisine neden olmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.
\n* AS Yolu Manip\u00fclasyonu (AS Path Manipulation):<\/strong> Bir AS’nin, kendi AS numaras\u0131n\u0131 veya di\u011fer AS numaralar\u0131n\u0131 BGP duyurular\u0131nda manip\u00fcle ederek trafi\u011fi kendi sistemlerine y\u00f6nlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr anormal durumlar\u0131n erken tespiti, a\u011f operat\u00f6rlerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale etmesini ve potansiyel sorunlar\u0131n etkisini en aza indirmesini sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada BGPalerter gibi ara\u00e7lar devreye girer.<\/p>\n

BGPalerter Nedir?<\/h3>\n

BGPalerter, BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kurallara g\u00f6re anormal durumlar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli BGP ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, RIPE RIS, RouteViews) gelen verileri i\u015fleyebilir ve a\u011f operat\u00f6rlerine ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uyar\u0131lar sa\u011flayabilir. BGPalerter’\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* \u00c7oklu Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 BGP ak\u0131\u015f kaynaklar\u0131ndan veri alabilir.
\n* Kural Tabanl\u0131 Tespit:<\/strong> \u00d6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f veya \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kurallara g\u00f6re anormallikleri belirler.
\n* Uyar\u0131 Mekanizmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Tespit edilen anormallikler i\u00e7in e-posta, Slack, PagerDuty gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kanallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uyar\u0131lar g\u00f6nderebilir.
\n* Esnek Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong> Kurallar, izleme parametreleri ve uyar\u0131 hedefleri kolayca yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n* Veri Kayd\u0131 ve Analizi:<\/strong> BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve tespit edilen anormallikleri kaydederek daha sonra analiz i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 18.04’te BGPalerter Kurulumu<\/h3>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) \u00fczerine BGPalerter’\u0131n nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Kurulum, BGPalerter’\u0131n kendisini ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n

1. Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h4>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sisteminizi g\u00fcncel tutmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Terminali a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. Gerekli Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere ve ara\u00e7lara ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-dev libpq-dev build-essential curl git<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   python3-pip<\/code>: Python paketlerini kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   python3-dev<\/code>: Python geli\u015ftirme ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.
\n*   libpq-dev<\/code>: PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   build-essential<\/code>: C ve C++ derleyicileri gibi temel derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.
\n*   curl<\/code>: A\u011f \u00fczerinden veri indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   git<\/code>: Kaynak kodunu indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. PostgreSQL Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter, BGP verilerini ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini depolamak i\u00e7in PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL Kurulumu:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev<\/code><\/pre>\n
PostgreSQL Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
BGPalerter i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser --interactive"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut sizden yeni bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 isteyecektir. bgpalerter<\/code> ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Ard\u0131ndan, s\u00fcperuser olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soracakt\u0131r. n<\/code> (hay\u0131r) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, veritaban\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
sudo su - postgres -c "createdb bgpalerter"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ve bu veritaban\u0131na az \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz bgpalerter<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo su - postgres -c "grant all privileges on database bgpalerter to bgpalerter"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yerel Eri\u015fim \u0130\u00e7in pg_hba.conf<\/code> Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
PostgreSQL’in yerel olarak bgpalerter<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bgpalerter<\/code> veritaban\u0131na \u015fifresiz ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in pg_hba.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postgresql\/9.5\/main\/pg_hba.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
local   all             bgpalerter                              trust<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter).<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. BGPalerter Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi BGPalerter’\u0131 kurabiliriz. Genellikle Python paketleri pip ile kurulur.<\/p>\n
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip\nsudo pip3 install --upgrade setuptools\nsudo pip3 install --upgrade bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, BGPalerter’\u0131 ve gerekli Python ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kuracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. BGPalerter Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 genellikle \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code> konumundad\u0131r. Ancak, kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu dosya otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulmayabilir. BGPalerter, varsay\u0131lan olarak ~\/.config\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code> veya \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code> konumlar\u0131nda yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 arar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dizinini olu\u015fturabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/etc\/bgpalerter\nsudo chown $USER:$USER \/etc\/bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, varsay\u0131lan bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabiliriz. BGPalerter’\u0131n kendi belgelerinden veya GitHub deposundan bir \u00f6rnek yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 al\u0131p d\u00fczenlemek en iyi y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
GitHub deposundan varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00e7ekelim:<\/p>\n
cd \/tmp\ngit clone https:\/\/github.com\/Jordi-Serrano\/bgpalerter.git\nsudo cp \/tmp\/bgpalerter\/etc\/bgpalerter.conf \/etc\/bgpalerter\/\nsudo rm -rf \/tmp\/bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyada d\u00fczenlemeniz gereken baz\u0131 temel ayarlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   database<\/code>:<\/strong> PostgreSQL ba\u011flant\u0131 bilgilerinizi belirtin.<\/p>\n
[database]\n    type = postgresql\n    host = localhost\n    port = 5432\n    user = bgpalerter\n    password = <parolan\u0131z\u0131_buraya_girin> # PostgreSQL kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir parola ayarlay\u0131n.\n    database = bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Not:<\/strong> PostgreSQL kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir parola ayarlamad\u0131ysan\u0131z, pg_hba.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek \u015fifresiz eri\u015fimi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer parola ayarlad\u0131ysan\u0131z, burada do\u011fru parolay\u0131 girmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
*   bgpstream<\/code>:<\/strong> Hangi BGP veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirtin. RouteViews ve RIPE RIS yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[bgpstream]\n    # RouteViews (rv2.example.com)\n    # rv2.example.com\n    # rv3.example.com\n    # RIPE RIS (ris.ripe.net)\n    # ris.ripe.net\n    # ris.ripe.net:5432 (if using a remote RIS collector)\n    collectors = rv2.example.com, ris.ripe.net<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sat\u0131r\u0131, eri\u015febilece\u011finiz BGP ak\u0131\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n adresleriyle g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/p>\n
*   rules<\/code>:<\/strong> Hangi kurallar\u0131n etkinle\u015ftirilece\u011fini ve hangi e\u015fiklerin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta varsay\u0131lan kurallar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
*   alerts<\/code>:<\/strong> Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n. E-posta, Slack, vb. i\u00e7in ayarlar burada yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, e-posta i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
[alerts]\n    # E-posta ayarlar\u0131\n    # smtp_server = smtp.example.com\n    # smtp_port = 587\n    # smtp_user = <kullanici_adi>\n    # smtp_password = <parola>\n    # smtp_tls = true\n    # sender_email = bgpalerter@example.com\n    # recipient_emails = admin@example.com, sec@example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayarlar\u0131, e-posta g\u00f6nderme yetene\u011finize g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, bgpalerter<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu dosyaya eri\u015febildi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo chown bgpalerter:bgpalerter \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer bgpalerter<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmad\u0131ysan\u0131z, bu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlayabilir ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131n root<\/code> veya www-data<\/code> gibi ba\u015fka bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunabildi\u011finden emin olabilirsiniz. Genellikle, BGPalerter’\u0131 bir servis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131ya izin vermek en iyisidir.<\/p>\n
6. BGPalerter Veritaban\u0131 Tablolar\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n kullanaca\u011f\u0131 veritaban\u0131 tablolar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n
sudo -u bgpalerter bgpalerter --create-tables --config \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda belirtilen PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131nda gerekli tablolar\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. BGPalerter’\u0131 Servis Olarak \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131 sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flatmak ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in systemd servis dosyas\u0131 kullanmak en iyi yoldur. BGPalerter’\u0131n kurulumuyla birlikte bir servis dosyas\u0131 gelmi\u015f olabilir veya kendiniz olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer \/lib\/systemd\/system\/bgpalerter.service<\/code> gibi bir dosya varsa, onu etkinle\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable bgpalerter\nsudo systemctl start bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer bir servis dosyas\u0131 yoksa, kendiniz olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle \/etc\/systemd\/system\/bgpalerter.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
[Unit]\nDescription=BGPalerter - BGP Anomaly Detection\nAfter=network.target postgresql.service\n\n[Service]\nUser=bgpalerter\nGroup=bgpalerter\nWorkingDirectory=\/home\/bgpalerter # BGPalerter kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n home dizini\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/bgpalerter --config \/etc\/bgpalerter\/bgpalerter.conf\nRestart=always\nRestartSec=3\n\n[Install]\nSection=multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6nemli Notlar:<\/strong>
\n*   User<\/code> ve Group<\/code> alanlar\u0131n\u0131, BGPalerter’\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve gruba g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n. E\u011fer bgpalerter<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmad\u0131ysan\u0131z, root<\/code> veya ba\u015fka bir uygun kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.
\n*   WorkingDirectory<\/code> alan\u0131n\u0131, ilgili kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n home dizinine ayarlay\u0131n.
\n*   ExecStart<\/code> komutundaki bgpalerter<\/code> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kontrol edin. Genellikle \/usr\/local\/bin\/bgpalerter<\/code> veya \/usr\/bin\/bgpalerter<\/code> olabilir. which bgpalerter<\/code> komutu ile bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturduktan sonra, systemd’yi yeniden y\u00fckleyin ve servisi ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl enable bgpalerter\nsudo systemctl start bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
Herhangi bir hata varsa, loglar\u0131 inceleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -u bgpalerter -f<\/code><\/pre>\n
BGP Duyurular\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zleme ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
BGPalerter kurulup \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Ancak, etkin bir izleme i\u00e7in kurallar\u0131 ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
1. BGPalerter Kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Anlama<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter, \u00e7e\u015fitli kural mod\u00fclleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 analiz eder. Baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n kural mod\u00fclleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Announcements<\/code>:<\/strong> Yeni duyurular\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve iptalleri izler.
\n*   Hijacks<\/code>:<\/strong> IP adres bloklar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n*   PrefixUpdates<\/code>:<\/strong> Bir prefix i\u00e7in duyurulan AS yolunda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri alg\u0131lar.
\n*   Routes<\/code>:<\/strong> Belirli bir AS’ye gelen veya giden rota say\u0131s\u0131ndaki ani de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri izler.
\n*   BGPStream<\/code>:<\/strong> BGPStream veri kayna\u011f\u0131ndaki anormallikleri tespit eder.<\/p>\n
Bu kurallar, bgpalerter.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki [rules]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde etkinle\u015ftirilir ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek bir [rules]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/p>\n
[rules]\n
Announce Rule: Detects new announcements, withdrawals, or changes<\/h2>\n
Thresholds are in announcements per second<\/h2>\nannouncements.enabled = true\nannouncements.threshold = 1000\n\n
Prefix Update Rule: Detects significant changes in AS paths for prefixes<\/h2>\nprefixupdates.enabled = true\nprefixupdates.threshold = 5 # Number of significant AS path changes per minute\n\n
Hijack Rule: Attempts to detect IP address hijacks<\/h2>\nhijacks.enabled = true\n
You might need to configure specific ASNs to monitor for hijacks<\/h2>\n
hijacks.asns_to_monitor = 12345, 67890<\/h2>\n\n
Route Count Rule: Monitors the number of routes seen for\/from an ASN<\/h2>\nroutes.enabled = true\nroutes.threshold = 1000 # Number of route changes per minute<\/code><\/pre>\n
Her kural\u0131n kendi parametreleri ve e\u015fik de\u011ferleri vard\u0131r. Bu e\u015fik de\u011ferlerinin, kendi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n normal BGP trafi\u011fine g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferlerle ba\u015flayabilir ve zamanla ince ayarlar yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2. Uyar\u0131lar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n tespit etti\u011fi anormallikler hakk\u0131nda sizi bilgilendirmesi i\u00e7in uyar\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
E-posta Uyar\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce bahsedildi\u011fi gibi, [alerts]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde SMTP sunucu bilgilerinizi, kimlik bilgilerinizi ve al\u0131c\u0131 e-posta adreslerini yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
[alerts]\n
E-posta ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nsmtp_server = smtp.gmail.com\nsmtp_port = 587\nsmtp_user = your_email@gmail.com\nsmtp_password = your_app_password # Gmail i\u00e7in uygulama \u015fifresi kullan\u0131n\nsmtp_tls = true\nsender_email = bgpalerter@yourdomain.com\nrecipient_emails = network_ops@yourdomain.com, security_team@yourdomain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6nemli:<\/strong> Gmail kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, do\u011frudan \u015fifrenizi kullanmak yerine bir “Uygulama \u015eifresi” olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir. Google hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131ndan bu \u015fifreyi olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Slack Uyar\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Slack ile entegrasyon i\u00e7in, bir Slack webhook URL’si alman\u0131z ve bunu yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
[alerts]\n
Slack ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nslack_webhook_url = https:\/\/hooks.slack.com\/services\/T00000000\/B00000000\/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<\/code><\/pre>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n bgpalerter.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki [alerts]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Slack ile ilgili di\u011fer ayarlar\u0131 da bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
3. BGP Veri Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
[bgpstream]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki collectors<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131, eri\u015febildi\u011finiz g\u00fcvenilir BGP ak\u0131\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n adresleriyle g\u00fcncelledi\u011finizden emin olun. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan toplay\u0131c\u0131lar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   RouteViews:<\/strong> rv2.example.com<\/code>, rv3.example.com<\/code>
\n*   RIPE RIS:<\/strong> ris.ripe.net<\/code><\/p>\n
Bu toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n adresleri zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilir, bu nedenle g\u00fcncel listeleri BGPalerter’\u0131n veya ilgili projelerin belgelerinden kontrol etmeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Kurallar Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter, genellikle Python ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mod\u00fcler kurallara sahiptir. Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f senaryolar i\u00e7in kendi kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir veya mevcut kurallar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Bu, daha derinlemesine analiz ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uyar\u0131lar i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6zelliktir.<\/p>\n
Kendi kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in BGPalerter’\u0131n kaynak kodunu incelemeniz ve Python programlama bilgisine sahip olman\u0131z gerekir. Kurallar genellikle \/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.6\/dist-packages\/bgpalerter\/rules\/<\/code> (veya benzer bir yolda) bulunur.<\/p>\n
5. Loglar\u0131 ve Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zleme<\/h4>\n
BGPalerter’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 (journalctl -u bgpalerter<\/code>) ve PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin. Veritaban\u0131nda, tespit edilen anormallikler ve ilgili BGP verileri saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak i\u00e7in psql<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo -u postgres psql bgpalerter<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, \\dt<\/code> komutuyla tablolar\u0131 listeleyebilir ve SELECT * FROM anomalies;<\/code> gibi sorgularla anormallikleri g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri D\u00fczey Kullan\u0131m ve Entegrasyonlar<\/h3>\n
BGPalerter, temel izleme i\u015flevlerinin \u00f6tesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli ileri d\u00fczey kullan\u0131m senaryolar\u0131 sunar:<\/p>\n
*   API Entegrasyonu:<\/strong> BGPalerter, tespit edilen anormallikleri API arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunabilir. Bu, di\u011fer a\u011f y\u00f6netim ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla veya g\u00fcvenlik bilgi ve olay y\u00f6netimi (SIEM) sistemleriyle entegrasyonu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   Otomatik M\u00fcdahale:<\/strong> Tespit edilen anormalliklere kar\u015f\u0131 otomatik m\u00fcdahale mekanizmalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir BGP ka\u00e7\u0131rma durumu tespit edildi\u011finde, otomatik olarak bir ACL (Eri\u015fim Kontrol Listesi) kural\u0131 ekleyerek trafi\u011fi engelleyebilirsiniz. Ancak bu t\u00fcr otomatik m\u00fcdahaleler dikkatli bir \u015fekilde tasarlanmal\u0131 ve test edilmelidir.
\n*   Performans Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flar i\u00e7in, BGPalerter’\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek gerekebilir. Bu, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sunucu kullanmay\u0131, veritaban\u0131 indekslerini optimize etmeyi veya daha az say\u0131da BGP ak\u0131\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izlemeyi i\u00e7erebilir.
\n*   G\u00fcvenlik Politikalar\u0131:<\/strong> Kendi AS’nizin politikalar\u0131na uygun olarak, BGPalerter’\u0131n kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u015fiklerini ayarlayarak g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
BGPalerter, Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerinde BGP duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6nlerini izlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede, kurulumdan yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ve temel kullan\u0131ma kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir rehber sunduk. BGP’nin karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve istikrar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in BGPalerter gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u011f operat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. D\u00fczenli olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek, kurallar\u0131 ayarlamak ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek, BGPalerter’dan en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. \u0130nternet altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi, bu t\u00fcr proaktif izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek kod:<\/strong> github.com\/fatihsoysalcom\/bgpalerter-bgp-monitoring-simulation<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"BGP Duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u00f6nlerini Ubuntu 18. 04’te BGPalerter ile \u0130zleme \u0130nternet’in omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan S\u0131n\u0131r A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc (BGP), a\u011flar aras\u0131ndaki y\u00f6nlendirme bilgilerinin de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015funu sa\u011flar.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42731","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nBGP Duyurular\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u00f6nlerini Ubuntu 18.04'te BGPalerter ile \u0130zleme - 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