{"id":42610,"date":"2026-06-17T08:00:48","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T05:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=42610"},"modified":"2026-06-17T08:01:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T05:01:05","slug":"openldap-yapilandirma-ve-yonetimsel-ldap-gorevlerini-gerceklestirme-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/openldap-yapilandirma-ve-yonetimsel-ldap-gorevlerini-gerceklestirme-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"OpenLDAP Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Y\u00f6netimsel LDAP G\u00f6revlerini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

OpenLDAP Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Y\u00f6netimsel LDAP G\u00f6revlerini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme Rehberi<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik bilgilerini, gruplar\u0131 ve di\u011fer a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir konumda y\u00f6netmek, g\u00fcvenlik ve verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dizin hizmetlerine eri\u015fim i\u00e7in standart bir protokold\u00fcr. OpenLDAP ise, bu protokol\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makale, OpenLDAP sunucusunu nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6netimsel LDAP g\u00f6revlerini nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, OpenLDAP’\u0131n temel prensiplerinden ba\u015flayarak, kurulumdan geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve y\u00f6netimsel komutlara kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi sunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

LDAP ve OpenLDAP’a Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

LDAP, X.500 standartlar\u0131na dayanan, ancak daha hafif (lightweight) bir protokol olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel olarak, dizin hizmetlerine eri\u015fim, arama ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma yetene\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bu dizin hizmetleri, hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f verileri depolar; genellikle kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131, \u015fifreler, e-posta adresleri, telefon numaralar\u0131, grup \u00fcyelikleri ve a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131 gibi bilgiler i\u00e7erir. LDAP’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar\u0131ndan biri, farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n ve sistemlerin ayn\u0131 merkezi kimlik do\u011frulama ve yetkilendirme altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesidir.<\/p>\n

OpenLDAP, Linux ve Unix benzeri sistemlerde en pop\u00fcler LDAP sunucu uygulamalar\u0131ndan biridir. Y\u00fcksek performans, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve esneklik sunar. Bir\u00e7ok kurumsal ortamda, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, e-posta sunucusu entegrasyonu, VPN kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 ve di\u011fer a\u011f hizmetleri i\u00e7in merkezi bir kimlik deposu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. OpenLDAP, slapd<\/code> (stand-alone LDAP daemon) adl\u0131 bir sunucu program\u0131 ve dizin \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir dizi istemci arac\u0131 (ldapadd, ldapmodify, ldapdelete, ldapsearch, ldappasswd vb.) i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

OpenLDAP Kurulumu<\/h3>\n

OpenLDAP kurulumu, kullan\u0131lan Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Debian\/Ubuntu ve CentOS\/RHEL tabanl\u0131 sistemler i\u00e7in genel ad\u0131mlar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Debian\/Ubuntu \u00dczerinde Kurulum<\/h4>\n

\u00d6ncelikle sistem paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin ve gerekli paketleri kurun:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt install slapd ldap-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda slapd<\/code> paketi sizden y\u00f6netici (admin) parolas\u0131 belirlemenizi isteyecektir. Bu parola, LDAP dizinindeki k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131 (cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com<\/code> gibi) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Parolan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yere not edin.<\/p>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, slapd<\/code> servisinin durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status slapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
CentOS\/RHEL \u00dczerinde Kurulum<\/h4>\n
CentOS\/RHEL sistemlerinde epel-release<\/code> deposunu etkinle\u015ftirmeniz gerekebilir. Ard\u0131ndan paketleri kurun:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install openldap openldap-servers openldap-clients\n
Veya daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmler i\u00e7in:<\/h2>\n
sudo dnf install openldap openldap-servers openldap-clients<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
Kurulumdan sonra slapd<\/code> servisini ba\u015flat\u0131n ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start slapd\nsudo systemctl enable slapd\nsudo systemctl status slapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
CentOS\/RHEL’de ilk yap\u0131land\u0131rma biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle slaptest<\/code> ve slapadd<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7larla ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak modern OpenLDAP s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri genellikle OLC (Online Configuration) modunu kullan\u0131r, bu da yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n do\u011frudan LDAP protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
OpenLDAP Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (OLC – cn=config)<\/h3>\n
Modern OpenLDAP s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 (slapd.conf<\/code>) yerine OLC (Online Configuration) sistemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistem, yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 LDAP dizininin kendisinde depolar (cn=config<\/code>). Bu, sunucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r ve yeniden ba\u015flatma gerektirmez.<\/p>\n
OLC Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dizini<\/h4>\n
OpenLDAP, yap\u0131land\u0131rma verilerini \/etc\/ldap\/slapd.d<\/code> (Debian\/Ubuntu) veya \/etc\/openldap\/slapd.d<\/code> (CentOS\/RHEL) dizininde depolar. Bu dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fi do\u011frudan d\u00fczenlenmemelidir; bunun yerine ldapmodify<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6k DSE (Dizin Bilgi A\u011fac\u0131) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
\u0130lk ad\u0131m, dizininizin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc (suffix) ve y\u00f6netici kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 (rootdn) tan\u0131mlamakt\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Debian\/Ubuntu kurulumu temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma yapar. Bunu kendi etki alan\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
1. Varsay\u0131lan Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 Anlama:<\/strong>
\nDebian\/Ubuntu’da slapd<\/code> kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda, dizininiz i\u00e7in bir varsay\u0131lan suffix (\u00f6rne\u011fin dc=example,dc=com<\/code>) ve y\u00f6netici kullan\u0131c\u0131 (cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com<\/code>) ayarlan\u0131r. Bu bilgileri \/etc\/ldap\/ldap.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2. Kendi Etki Alan\u0131n\u0131za G\u00f6re Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\nE\u011fer varsay\u0131lan etki alan\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin dc=example,dc=com<\/code>) size uymuyorsa, bunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekir. Bu i\u015flem biraz karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc OLC dizinindeki mevcut girdileri de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, OLC dizinindeki mevcut suffix’i ve rootdn’i de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir LDIF dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.
\n\u00d6rnek olarak, dc=example,dc=com<\/code> yerine dc=mycompany,dc=com<\/code> kullanmak istedi\u011finizi varsayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Bir chdomain.ldif<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
dn: olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nreplace: olcSuffix\nolcSuffix: dc=mycompany,dc=com\n\ndn: olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nreplace: olcRootDN\nolcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyay\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:\/\/\/ -f chdomain.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
EXTERNAL<\/code> kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemi, slapd<\/code>‘nin yerel Unix soketi \u00fczerinden eri\u015fildi\u011finde ge\u00e7erlidir ve genellikle root yetkisi gerektirir.<\/p>\n
3. Y\u00f6netici Parolas\u0131n\u0131 Ayarlama\/De\u011fi\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\nY\u00f6netici parolas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ayarlamak veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in slappasswd<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n. Bu komut, bir parola i\u00e7in SSHA karmas\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
slappasswd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r: {SSHA}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx<\/code>
\nBu karmay\u0131 bir LDIF dosyas\u0131 ile uygulay\u0131n. chrootpw.ldif<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
dn: olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nreplace: olcRootPW\nolcRootPW: {SSHA}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx<\/code><\/pre>\n
Uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:\/\/\/ -f chrootpw.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eema Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
LDAP dizinindeki her giri\u015f (entry) bir veya daha fazla “objectClass”a sahiptir ve bu objectClass’lar, o giri\u015fin hangi niteliklere (attributes) sahip olabilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlayan \u015femalar taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. OpenLDAP, varsay\u0131lan olarak baz\u0131 temel \u015femalar\u0131 (core, cosine, nis vb.) y\u00fckler. Ek \u015femalar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Active Directory uyumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in microsoft.schema<\/code> veya daha spesifik uygulamalar i\u00e7in) y\u00fcklemeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eema dosyalar\u0131 genellikle \/etc\/ldap\/schema<\/code> veya \/etc\/openldap\/schema<\/code> dizininde bulunur. Bir \u015femay\u0131 OLC’ye y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in, \u015fema dosyas\u0131n\u0131 LDIF format\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeniz ve ard\u0131ndan ldapadd<\/code> ile eklemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek olarak, cosine.ldif<\/code> \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcklemek:<\/p>\n
sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:\/\/\/ -f \/etc\/ldap\/schema\/cosine.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Di\u011fer \u015femalar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 ad\u0131m\u0131 tekrarlay\u0131n. Genellikle core.ldif<\/code>, cosine.ldif<\/code>, nis.ldif<\/code>, inetorgperson.ldif<\/code> gibi \u015femalar temel kurulum i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Eri\u015fim Kontrol Listeleri (ACL’ler)<\/h4>\n
ACL’ler, LDAP dizinindeki verilere kimlerin eri\u015febilece\u011fini ve hangi i\u015flemleri (okuma, yazma, ekleme, silme) yapabilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. ACL’ler olcAccess<\/code> niteli\u011fi ile yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak, y\u00f6netici kullan\u0131c\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dizini okumas\u0131 veya yazmas\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olabilir. Basit bir ACL kural\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/p>\n
dn: olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nadd: olcAccess\nolcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword by self write by anonymous auth by dn="cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" write by * none\nolcAccess: {1}to  by dn="cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" write by <\/em> read<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ACL kurallar\u0131:
\n*   {0}to attrs=userPassword<\/code>: userPassword<\/code> niteli\u011fine eri\u015fimi kontrol eder.
\n    *   by self write<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kendi parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.
\n    *   by anonymous auth<\/code>: Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapabilir (parola ile).
\n    *   by dn=\"cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com\" write<\/code>: Y\u00f6netici parolalar\u0131 yazabilir.
\n       by <\/em> none<\/code>: Di\u011fer herkesin parola niteli\u011fine eri\u015fimi yoktur.
\n   {1}to <\/em><\/code>: Di\u011fer t\u00fcm niteliklere eri\u015fimi kontrol eder.
\n    *   by dn=\"cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com\" write<\/code>: Y\u00f6netici t\u00fcm nitelikleri yazabilir.
\n       by <\/em> read<\/code>: Di\u011fer t\u00fcm kimlik do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lar t\u00fcm nitelikleri okuyabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu LDIF dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin acl.ldif<\/code>) kaydedin ve uygulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:\/\/\/ -f acl.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Y\u00f6netimsel LDAP G\u00f6revleri<\/h3>\n
OpenLDAP ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z temel istemci ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ldapadd<\/code>, ldapmodify<\/code>, ldapdelete<\/code>, ldapsearch<\/code> ve ldappasswd<\/code>‘dir. Bu ara\u00e7lar, dizin \u00fczerinde CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) i\u015flemleri yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Genel istemci komut yap\u0131s\u0131:
\nldaptool -x -D \"cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com\" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f file.ldif<\/code><\/p>\n
*   -x<\/code>: Basit kimlik do\u011frulama kullan (parola istemi i\u00e7in).
\n*   -D<\/code>: Dizin y\u00f6neticisi DN’si.
\n*   -W<\/code>: Parola istemi.
\n*   -H<\/code>: LDAP sunucusunun adresi ve portu. ldaps:\/\/<\/code> SSL\/TLS i\u00e7in veya ldapi:\/\/\/<\/code> yerel soket i\u00e7in.
\n*   -f<\/code>: \u0130\u015flem yap\u0131lacak LDIF dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.<\/p>\n
1. Kurulu\u015f Birimi (Organizational Unit – OU) Ekleme<\/h4>\n
LDAP dizini hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve gruplar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in kurulu\u015f birimleri (OU’lar) olu\u015fturmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ou_users.ldif<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
dn: ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com\nobjectClass: organizationalUnit\nou: users\ndescription: All users in mycompany<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu OU’yu eklemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f ou_users.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ou=groups<\/code> veya ou=services<\/code> gibi ba\u015fka OU’lar da ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle inetOrgPerson<\/code> objectClass’\u0131 ile temsil ederiz. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in user.ldif<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
dn: uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com\nobjectClass: top\nobjectClass: person\nobjectClass: organizationalPerson\nobjectClass: inetOrgPerson\ncn: John Doe\nsn: Doe\ngivenName: John\nuid: john.doe\nmail: john.doe@mycompany.com\nuserPassword: {SSHA}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # 'slappasswd' ile olu\u015fturulan karma parola<\/code><\/pre>\n
Parolay\u0131 slappasswd<\/code> ile olu\u015fturmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f user.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. Grup Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Gruplar, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bir araya getirerek yetkilendirme i\u015flemlerini basitle\u015ftirir. groupOfNames<\/code> veya groupOfUniqueNames<\/code> objectClass’lar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
group_admins.ldif<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com\nobjectClass: top\nobjectClass: groupOfNames\ncn: admins\ndescription: Administrators group\nmember: uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com<\/code><\/pre>\n
Grubu eklemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f group_admins.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 gruba eklemek i\u00e7in, grubun member<\/code> niteli\u011fini ldapmodify<\/code> ile d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Niteliklerini De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Mevcut bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n niteliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ldapmodify<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, John Doe’nun e-posta adresini de\u011fi\u015ftirelim.<\/p>\n
modify_email.ldif<\/code> dosyas\u0131:<\/p>\n
dn: uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com\nchangetype: modify\nreplace: mail\nmail: john.doe.new@mycompany.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ldapmodify -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f modify_email.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
5. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Parolas\u0131n\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ldappasswd<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendi parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in de uygundur (e\u011fer ACL’ler izin veriyorsa).<\/p>\n
ldappasswd -x -D "uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -A -S<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   -A<\/code>: Parola i\u00e7in etkile\u015fimli olarak sor.
\n*   -S<\/code>: Yeni parola i\u00e7in etkile\u015fimli olarak sor.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netici olarak ba\u015fka bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ldappasswd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -s "yeniparola" "uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com"<\/code><\/pre>\n
6. Dizin \u0130\u00e7inde Arama Yapma<\/h4>\n
ldapsearch<\/code> komutu, dizindeki bilgileri sorgulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, en s\u0131k kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z y\u00f6netimsel ara\u00e7lardan biridir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listelemek:<\/p>\n
ldapsearch -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -b "dc=mycompany,dc=com" "(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerini aramak:<\/p>\n
ldapsearch -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -b "ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com" "(uid=john.doe)"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sadece belirli nitelikleri g\u00f6stermek:<\/p>\n
ldapsearch -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -b "ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com" "(uid=john.doe)" cn sn mail<\/code><\/pre>\n
7. Giri\u015fleri (Entry) Silme<\/h4>\n
Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 veya OU’yu silmek i\u00e7in ldapdelete<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
delete_user.ldif<\/code> dosyas\u0131:<\/p>\n
dn: uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com\nchangetype: delete<\/code><\/pre>\n
Silme i\u015flemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ldapdelete -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 -f delete_user.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya do\u011frudan komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda:<\/p>\n
ldapdelete -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" -W -H ldap:\/\/localhost:389 "uid=john.doe,ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bir OU’yu silmeden \u00f6nce, alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm giri\u015fleri silmeniz gerekti\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f OpenLDAP Konfig\u00fcrasyonlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
OpenLDAP’\u0131n yetenekleri temel kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7er. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f konulara k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n
1. TLS\/SSL Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
LDAP ileti\u015fimini \u015fifrelemek, \u00f6zellikle hassas kimlik bilgileri aktar\u0131l\u0131rken hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. OpenLDAP, TLS\/SSL (LDAPS) deste\u011fi sunar. Bunun i\u00e7in bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 ve \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sertifikalar\u0131 ve anahtarlar\u0131 \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/slapd_cert.pem<\/code> ve \/etc\/ssl\/private\/slapd_key.pem<\/code> gibi bir yere yerle\u015ftirin. Ard\u0131ndan OLC’ye a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin:<\/p>\n
dn: cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nadd: olcTLSCACertificateFile\nolcTLSCACertificateFile: \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/ca_certificates.pem\n-\nadd: olcTLSCertificateFile\nolcTLSCertificateFile: \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/slapd_cert.pem\n-\nadd: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile\nolcTLSCertificateKeyFile: \/etc\/ssl\/private\/slapd_key.pem<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu LDIF’i uygulad\u0131ktan sonra, ldaps:\/\/<\/code> protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011faltma (Replication)<\/h4>\n
Y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik ve y\u00fck dengeleme i\u00e7in OpenLDAP \u00e7o\u011faltma mekanizmalar\u0131 sunar. En yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131 master-slave (tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc) ve multi-master (\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc) \u00e7o\u011faltmad\u0131r. Bu, birden fazla LDAP sunucusunun ayn\u0131 dizin verilerini tutmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00c7o\u011faltma genellikle syncrepl<\/code> ve olcSincProvider<\/code> nitelikleri ile OLC \u00fczerinden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Entegrasyonlar<\/h4>\n
OpenLDAP, \u00e7e\u015fitli sistemlerle entegre edilebilir:
\n*   PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) ve NSS (Name Service Switch)<\/strong>: Linux sistemlerinin kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131\/grup bilgilerini LDAP’tan almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, sistem genelinde merkezi kimlik y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. libnss-ldap<\/code> ve libpam-ldap<\/code> veya nslcd<\/code> ve sssd<\/code> gibi paketler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   E-posta Sunucular\u0131 (Postfix, Dovecot)<\/strong>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131 ve e-posta adresleri i\u00e7in LDAP’\u0131 kullan\u0131r.
\n*   Web Sunucular\u0131 (Apache, Nginx)<\/strong>: HTTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in LDAP’\u0131 kullanabilir.
\n*   VPN Sunucular\u0131 (OpenVPN)<\/strong>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in LDAP’\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
4. Yedekleme ve Geri Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n
OpenLDAP dizinini d\u00fczenli olarak yedeklemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. OLC dizinini ve veri taban\u0131n\u0131 yedekleyebilirsiniz.
\nVeri taban\u0131 yedekleme i\u00e7in slapcat<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo slapcat -l \/var\/backups\/ldap_backup.ldif<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu, t\u00fcm dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini bir LDIF dosyas\u0131na d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131r. Geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in, bo\u015f bir slapd<\/code> veritaban\u0131na slapadd<\/code> ile bu dosyay\u0131 i\u00e7e aktarabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop slapd\nsudo rm -rf \/var\/lib\/ldap\/* # Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 temizle\nsudo slapadd -l \/var\/backups\/ldap_backup.ldif\nsudo systemctl start slapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
OLC yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 yedeklemek i\u00e7in \/etc\/ldap\/slapd.d<\/code> dizinini (\/etc\/openldap\/slapd.d<\/code>) kopyalamak yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme ve Hata Ay\u0131klama<\/h3>\n
OpenLDAP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 bazen karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir ve hatalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak do\u011fald\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   Ba\u011flant\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong>:
\n    *   ldapsearch<\/code> veya di\u011fer komutlar ba\u011flanam\u0131yorsa, slapd<\/code> servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (sudo systemctl status slapd<\/code>).
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n (firewall) LDAP portlar\u0131n\u0131 (varsay\u0131lan olarak 389 ve 636) engellemedi\u011finden emin olun.
\n*   Kimlik Do\u011frulama Hatalar\u0131<\/strong>:
\n    *   Yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netici DN’si veya parolas\u0131 kullan\u0131yor olabilirsiniz. Y\u00f6netici DN’sinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ve parolan\u0131n do\u011fru girildi\u011finden emin olun.
\n    *   ACL’ler, belirli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n veya gruplar\u0131n dizine eri\u015fmesini engelliyor olabilir. ACL’lerinizi kontrol edin.
\n*   LDIF Dosyas\u0131 Hatalar\u0131<\/strong>:
\n    *   LDIF dosyalar\u0131n\u0131zda s\u00f6zdizimi hatalar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bo\u015f sat\u0131r, yanl\u0131\u015f nitelik ad\u0131) olabilir. ldapadd<\/code> veya ldapmodify<\/code> komutunun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice okuyun.
\n    *   objectClass<\/code> eksikli\u011fi veya yanl\u0131\u015f objectClass<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir hatad\u0131r. Bir giri\u015fin sahip olmas\u0131 gereken t\u00fcm objectClass<\/code>‘lara sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   \u015eema Hatalar\u0131<\/strong>:
\n    *   Bir nitelik veya objectClass<\/code> kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz ancak ilgili \u015fema y\u00fcklenmemi\u015f olabilir. Gerekli t\u00fcm \u015femalar\u0131n OLC’ye y\u00fcklendi\u011finden emin olun.
\n*   G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri Kontrol Etme<\/strong>:
\n    *   OpenLDAP g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri, sorunlar\u0131 te\u015fhis etmek i\u00e7in en iyi kaynakt\u0131r. Genellikle \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> (Debian\/Ubuntu) ya da \/var\/log\/messages<\/code> (CentOS\/RHEL) i\u00e7inde bulunurlar. slapd<\/code>‘nin daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydetmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in olcLogLevel<\/code> niteli\u011fini OLC’de ayarlayabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, olcLogLevel: 256<\/code> (bilgi mesajlar\u0131) veya daha y\u00fcksek bir de\u011fer (hata ay\u0131klama i\u00e7in).<\/p>\n
dn: cn=config\nchangetype: modify\nreplace: olcLogLevel\nolcLogLevel: 256<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu, slapd<\/code>‘nin daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydetmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
OpenLDAP, merkezi kimlik ve eri\u015fim y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede, OpenLDAP’\u0131 kurmaktan, OLC tabanl\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapmaya ve ldapadd<\/code>, ldapmodify<\/code>, ldapdelete<\/code>, ldapsearch<\/code>, ldappasswd<\/code> gibi temel y\u00f6netimsel ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanmaya kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi sunduk. Ayr\u0131ca, TLS\/SSL \u015fifrelemesi, \u00e7o\u011faltma, di\u011fer sistemlerle entegrasyon ve yedekleme gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f konulara da de\u011findik. OpenLDAP’\u0131n tam potansiyelini kullanmak, iyi bir planlama, dikkatli yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve d\u00fczenli y\u00f6netim gerektirir. Bu rehber, OpenLDAP d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m atman\u0131z i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir LDAP dizini i\u00e7in en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 takip etmek ve d\u00fczenli olarak dok\u00fcmantasyonu incelemek her zaman \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek kod:<\/strong> github.com\/fatihsoysalcom\/openldap-basic-user-management<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"OpenLDAP Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Y\u00f6netimsel LDAP G\u00f6revlerini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme Rehberi G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik bilgilerini, gruplar\u0131 ve di\u011fer a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir konumda y\u00f6netmek, g\u00fcvenlik ve verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42610","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nOpenLDAP Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Y\u00f6netimsel LDAP G\u00f6revlerini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme Rehberi - 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