{"id":42439,"date":"2026-06-10T17:00:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T14:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=42439"},"modified":"2026-06-10T17:00:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T14:00:57","slug":"sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme"},"content":{"rendered":"

SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme<\/h2>\n

SQL’de veri filtreleme ve sorgulama, veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu filtreleme i\u015flemlerinde en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc operat\u00f6rlerden ikisi IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleridir. Bu makalede, bu iki operat\u00f6r\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131, performans etkilerini ve alternatiflerini derinlemesine inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

SQL IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n

IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, bir s\u00fctundaki de\u011ferin, belirtilen bir de\u011fer listesindeki herhangi bir de\u011fere e\u015fit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Temel olarak, bir s\u00fctun i\u00e7in birden fazla OR<\/code> ko\u015fulunu daha okunabilir ve \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ifade etmenin bir yoludur.<\/p>\n

IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn S\u00f6zdizimi<\/h4>\n

IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn genel s\u00f6zdizimi \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

SELECT s\u00fctun1, s\u00fctun2, ...\nFROM tablo_ad\u0131\nWHERE s\u00fctun_ad\u0131 IN (de\u011fer1, de\u011fer2, de\u011fer3, ...);<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada:
\n– s\u00fctun1, s\u00fctun2, ...<\/code>: Sorgulanacak s\u00fctunlar\u0131n adlar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– tablo_ad\u0131<\/code>: Verilerin \u00e7ekilece\u011fi tablonun ad\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– s\u00fctun_ad\u0131<\/code>: Kontrol edilecek s\u00fctunun ad\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– de\u011fer1, de\u011fer2, de\u011fer3, ...<\/code>: s\u00fctun_ad\u0131<\/code>‘n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerin listesidir. Bu de\u011ferler ayn\u0131 veri tipinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h4>\n
IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, WHERE<\/code> yan t\u00fcmcesinde belirtilen s\u00fctunun de\u011ferini, parantez i\u00e7indeki de\u011fer listesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer s\u00fctunun de\u011feri listedeki herhangi bir de\u011fere e\u015fitse, ilgili sat\u0131r sorgu sonucuna dahil edilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, musteriler<\/code> tablosundan sehir<\/code> s\u00fctunu ‘Ankara’, ‘\u0130stanbul’ veya ‘\u0130zmir’ olan t\u00fcm m\u00fc\u015fterileri getirir:<\/p>\n
SELECT musteri_id, ad, soyad, sehir\nFROM musteriler\nWHERE sehir IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sorgu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sorguyla tamamen ayn\u0131 sonucu verir:<\/p>\n
SELECT musteri_id, ad, soyad, sehir\nFROM musteriler\nWHERE sehir = 'Ankara' OR sehir = '\u0130stanbul' OR sehir = '\u0130zmir';<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ancak IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle liste uzun oldu\u011funda, sorguyu daha okunabilir hale getirir.<\/p>\n
IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolarda faydal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Belirli De\u011ferlere Sahip Kay\u0131tlar\u0131 Getirme:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte oldu\u011fu gibi, belirli bir s\u00fctunda \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir dizi de\u011fere sahip kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   Alt Sorgularla Birlikte Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, bir alt sorgunun d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011ferlerle de kullan\u0131labilir. Bu, daha karma\u015f\u0131k veri filtreleme senaryolar\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
    \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisindeki t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri getirmek isteyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
SELECT siparis_id, musteri_id, siparis_tarihi\n    FROM siparisler\n    WHERE urun_id IN (SELECT urun_id FROM urunler WHERE kategori = 'Elektronik');<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sorgu, \u00f6nce urunler<\/code> tablosundan ‘Elektronik’ kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin urun_id<\/code>‘lerini al\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan siparisler<\/code> tablosunda bu urun_id<\/code>‘lere sahip sipari\u015fleri getirir.<\/p>\n
*   \u00c7oklu S\u00fctun Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 SQL leh\u00e7eleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin PostgreSQL, MySQL 8.0+) IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc birden fazla s\u00fctunla birlikte kullanmaya izin verir. Bu, bir sat\u0131r\u0131n birden fazla s\u00fctunundaki de\u011ferlerin, belirtilen bir tuple (de\u011fer k\u00fcmesi) listesindeki bir tuple ile tam olarak e\u015fle\u015fip e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SELECT *\n    FROM siparis_detaylari\n    WHERE (urun_id, miktar) IN ((101, 5), (105, 2), (110, 1));<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sorgu, urun_id<\/code>‘si 101 ve miktar<\/code>‘\u0131 5 olan VEYA urun_id<\/code>‘si 105 ve miktar<\/code>‘\u0131 2 olan VEYA urun_id<\/code>‘si 110 ve miktar<\/code>‘\u0131 1 olan kay\u0131tlar\u0131 getirir.<\/p>\n
IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Avantajlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Okunabilirlik:<\/strong> Birden fazla OR<\/code> ko\u015fulunu daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirir.
\n*   K\u0131sal\u0131k:<\/strong> Uzun ko\u015ful listeleri i\u00e7in daha az kod yazmay\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   Esneklik:<\/strong> Sabit de\u011fer listeleriyle veya dinamik olarak \u00fcretilen alt sorgularla kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Dezavantajlar\u0131 ve Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/h4>\n
*   Performans (B\u00fcy\u00fck Listeler):<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer listeleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc performans sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Veritaban\u0131, her bir de\u011feri listedeki de\u011ferlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunda kal\u0131r. Bu durumda, baz\u0131 veritaban\u0131 sistemleri i\u00e7in EXISTS<\/code> veya JOIN<\/code> gibi alternatifler daha verimli olabilir.
\n*   NULL De\u011ferler:<\/strong> IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc NULL<\/code> de\u011ferlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lar verebilir. IN<\/code> listesinde NULL<\/code> varsa ve s\u00fctun de\u011feri NULL<\/code> ise, bu durum UNKNOWN<\/code> olarak de\u011ferlendirilir ve sat\u0131r dahil edilmez. E\u011fer s\u00fctun de\u011feri NULL<\/code> ise ve listede NULL<\/code> yoksa da ayn\u0131 durum ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
-- Bu sorgu, 'sehir' NULL olan m\u00fc\u015fterileri GET\u0130RMEZ\n    SELECT * FROM musteriler WHERE sehir IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', NULL);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri de dahil etmek istiyorsan\u0131z, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a OR sehir IS NULL<\/code> eklemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n
NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn tam tersi \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir s\u00fctundaki de\u011ferin, belirtilen bir de\u011fer listesindeki hi\u00e7bir<\/em> de\u011fere e\u015fit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu da, birden fazla AND<\/code> ko\u015fulunu daha \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ifade etmenin bir yoludur.<\/p>\n
NOT IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn S\u00f6zdizimi<\/h4>\n
NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn genel s\u00f6zdizimi \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
SELECT s\u00fctun1, s\u00fctun2, ...\nFROM tablo_ad\u0131\nWHERE s\u00fctun_ad\u0131 NOT IN (de\u011fer1, de\u011fer2, de\u011fer3, ...);<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada parametreler IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcndeki ile ayn\u0131 anlama gelir.<\/p>\n
NOT IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h4>\n
NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, WHERE<\/code> yan t\u00fcmcesinde belirtilen s\u00fctunun de\u011ferini, parantez i\u00e7indeki de\u011fer listesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer s\u00fctunun de\u011feri listedeki hi\u00e7bir<\/em> de\u011fere e\u015fit de\u011filse, ilgili sat\u0131r sorgu sonucuna dahil edilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, musteriler<\/code> tablosundan sehir<\/code> s\u00fctunu ‘Ankara’, ‘\u0130stanbul’ veya ‘\u0130zmir’ olmayan<\/em> t\u00fcm m\u00fc\u015fterileri getirir:<\/p>\n
SELECT musteri_id, ad, soyad, sehir\nFROM musteriler\nWHERE sehir NOT IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sorgu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sorguyla tamamen ayn\u0131 sonucu verir:<\/p>\n
SELECT musteri_id, ad, soyad, sehir\nFROM musteriler\nWHERE sehir <> 'Ankara' AND sehir <> '\u0130stanbul' AND sehir <> '\u0130zmir';<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ancak NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle liste uzun oldu\u011funda, sorguyu daha okunabilir hale getirir.<\/p>\n
NOT IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc de \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolarda faydal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
   Belirli De\u011ferlere Sahip Olmayan Kay\u0131tlar\u0131 Getirme:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte oldu\u011fu gibi, belirli bir s\u00fctunda \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir dizi de\u011fere sahip <\/em>olmayan* kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   Alt Sorgularla Birlikte Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc de alt sorgularla birlikte kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
    \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisinde olmayan<\/em> sipari\u015fleri getirmek isteyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
SELECT siparis_id, musteri_id, siparis_tarihi\n    FROM siparisler\n    WHERE urun_id NOT IN (SELECT urun_id FROM urunler WHERE kategori = 'Elektronik');<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sorgu, \u00f6nce urunler<\/code> tablosundan ‘Elektronik’ kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin urun_id<\/code>‘lerini al\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan siparisler<\/code> tablosunda bu urun_id<\/code>‘lere sahip olmayan<\/em> sipari\u015fleri getirir.<\/p>\n
*   D\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 Filtreleme:<\/strong> Bir grup kayd\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakmak istedi\u011finizde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NOT IN Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Dezavantajlar\u0131 ve Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/h4>\n
NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli ve en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunu, alt sorgu veya de\u011fer listesi NULL<\/code> bir de\u011fer i\u00e7erdi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
   NULL De\u011ferler ve Alt Sorgular:<\/strong> E\u011fer NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fer listesi (ister sabit liste ister alt sorgu sonucu olsun) herhangi bir NULL<\/code> de\u011fer i\u00e7eriyorsa, sorgu <\/em>hi\u00e7bir sat\u0131r d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyebilir. Bunun nedeni \u015fudur: NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, s\u00fctun de\u011ferinin listedeki <\/em>t\u00fcm* de\u011ferlere e\u015fit olmamas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. E\u011fer listede NULL<\/code> varsa, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u015f\u00f6yle olur: sutun_degeri <> NULL<\/code>. NULL<\/code> ile yap\u0131lan herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma (e\u015fittir, e\u015fit de\u011fildir, b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr vb.) her zaman UNKNOWN<\/code> sonucunu verir. NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc UNKNOWN<\/code> sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 FALSE<\/code> olarak de\u011ferlendirir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, listede bir NULL<\/code> olmas\u0131, t\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 FALSE<\/code> yapar ve sonu\u00e7 olarak hi\u00e7bir sat\u0131r d\u00f6nmez.<\/p>\n
    \u00d6rnek Senaryo:<\/strong><\/p>\n
-- Diyelim ki urunler tablosunda urun_id'si 5 olan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kategorisi NULL\n    SELECT *\n    FROM siparisler\n    WHERE urun_id NOT IN (SELECT urun_id FROM urunler WHERE kategori = 'Elektronik' OR kategori IS NULL);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sorgu, urunler<\/code> tablosundan ‘Elektronik’ kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcn ID’lerini veya kategori<\/code>‘si NULL<\/code> olan \u00fcr\u00fcn ID’lerini al\u0131r. E\u011fer kategori<\/code>‘si NULL<\/code> olan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn ID’si varsa, alt sorgu NULL<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir. Bu durumda NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir sat\u0131r d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyecektir.<\/p>\n
    \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc alt sorgularla kullan\u0131rken, alt sorgunun NULL<\/code> de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmedi\u011finden emin olman\u0131z veya NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri filtrelemeniz \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
SELECT siparis_id, musteri_id, siparis_tarihi\n    FROM siparisler\n    WHERE urun_id NOT IN (SELECT urun_id FROM urunler WHERE kategori = 'Elektronik' AND urun_id IS NOT NULL);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Sabit listelerde de NULL<\/code> de\u011ferler benzer sorunlara yol a\u00e7ar:<\/p>\n
-- Bu sorgu, 'sehir' NULL olan m\u00fc\u015fterileri de GET\u0130RMEYEB\u0130L\u0130R,\n    -- hatta genellikle hi\u00e7bir \u015fey GET\u0130RMEYEB\u0130L\u0130R.\n    SELECT * FROM musteriler WHERE sehir NOT IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', NULL);<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Performans:<\/strong> IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer listeleri NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n
IN ve NOT IN Operat\u00f6rlerinin Performans Etkileri ve Alternatifleri<\/h3>\n
IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli veri k\u00fcmelerinde ve sabit de\u011fer listeleriyle kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a verimli olabilir. Ancak, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmelerinde veya alt sorgularla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n
Performans Sorunlar\u0131 ve Nedenleri<\/h4>\n
1.  Listelerin Boyutu:<\/strong> Operat\u00f6rler, listedeki her bir de\u011feri s\u00fctunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. Liste ne kadar uzun olursa, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma say\u0131s\u0131 o kadar artar ve sorgu o kadar yava\u015flar.
\n2.  Alt Sorgu Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 optimizleyicisinin alt sorgular\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fi performans\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, veritaban\u0131 alt sorguyu her sat\u0131r i\u00e7in tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir (correlated subquery), bu da ciddi performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerine neden olur.
\n3.  \u0130ndeks Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, e\u011fer s\u00fctun \u00fczerinde uygun bir indeks varsa, bu indeksi kullanabilir. Ancak, \u00e7ok geni\u015f de\u011fer listeleri veya alt sorgular, indeksin verimli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n
Alternatifler<\/h4>\n
Performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek veya daha iyi performans elde etmek i\u00e7in IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rlerine alternatifler bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1.  JOIN Operat\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong>
\n    *   IN<\/code> i\u00e7in Alternatif:<\/strong> INNER JOIN<\/code> veya LEFT JOIN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc ile ayn\u0131 sonucu verebilir ve genellikle daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6zellikle alt sorgularla IN<\/code> kullanmak yerine, bu alt sorguyu ayr\u0131 bir tablo gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek JOIN<\/code> yapmak daha verimli olabilir.<\/p>\n
-- IN ile yap\u0131lan sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE m.sehir IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');\n\n        -- JOIN ile yap\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        JOIN sehirler s ON m.sehir = s.sehir_adi\n        WHERE s.sehir_adi IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');\n        -- VEYA daha yayg\u0131n olarak:\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE m.sehir = 'Ankara' OR m.sehir = '\u0130stanbul' OR m.sehir = '\u0130zmir';\n        -- VEYA\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE m.sehir IN (SELECT sehir_adi FROM sehirler WHERE sehir_adi IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir'));<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Daha karma\u015f\u0131k IN<\/code> alt sorgular\u0131 i\u00e7in JOIN<\/code> daha da avantajl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
-- IN ile yap\u0131lan sorgu\n        SELECT s.*\n        FROM siparisler s\n        WHERE s.urun_id IN (SELECT u.urun_id FROM urunler u WHERE u.kategori = 'Elektronik');\n\n        -- JOIN ile yap\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer sorgu\n        SELECT s.*\n        FROM siparisler s\n        JOIN urunler u ON s.urun_id = u.urun_id\n        WHERE u.kategori = 'Elektronik';<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Bu JOIN<\/code> versiyonu genellikle daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc veritaban\u0131, iki tabloyu birle\u015ftirerek ve ard\u0131ndan filtreleyerek daha optimize bir plan olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n
    *   NOT IN<\/code> i\u00e7in Alternatif:<\/strong> LEFT JOIN<\/code> ve IS NULL<\/code> kontrol\u00fc veya NOT EXISTS<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc NOT IN<\/code>‘in iyi alternatifleridir.<\/p>\n
-- NOT IN ile yap\u0131lan sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE m.sehir NOT IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');\n\n        -- LEFT JOIN ile yap\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        LEFT JOIN sehirler s ON m.sehir = s.sehir_adi AND s.sehir_adi IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir')\n        WHERE s.sehir_adi IS NULL;<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Bu LEFT JOIN<\/code> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, NOT IN<\/code>‘in NULL<\/code> de\u011ferlerle ilgili sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famaz ve genellikle daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir performans sunar.<\/p>\n
        Alt sorgularla NOT IN<\/code> kullan\u0131rken:<\/p>\n
-- NOT IN ile yap\u0131lan sorgu (potansiyel NULL sorunu)\n        SELECT s.*\n        FROM siparisler s\n        WHERE s.urun_id NOT IN (SELECT u.urun_id FROM urunler u WHERE u.kategori = 'Elektronik');\n\n        -- NOT EXISTS ile yap\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer sorgu (daha g\u00fcvenli ve genellikle daha h\u0131zl\u0131)\n        SELECT s.*\n        FROM siparisler s\n        WHERE NOT EXISTS (\n            SELECT 1\n            FROM urunler u\n            WHERE u.urun_id = s.urun_id AND u.kategori = 'Elektronik'\n        );<\/code><\/pre>\n
        NOT EXISTS<\/code>, alt sorgunun e\u015fle\u015fen bir kay\u0131t bulup bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. E\u011fer e\u015fle\u015fen bir kay\u0131t bulunamazsa, NOT EXISTS<\/code> TRUE<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu, NULL<\/code> de\u011ferlerinden etkilenmez ve genellikle NOT IN<\/code>‘den daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
2.  EXISTS Operat\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong>
\n    *   EXISTS<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, bir alt sorgunun herhangi bir sat\u0131r d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcp d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmedi\u011fini kontrol eder. Genellikle IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcne bir alternatif olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n    *   IN<\/code> ile:<\/p>\n
-- IN ile yap\u0131lan sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE m.sehir IN ('Ankara', '\u0130stanbul', '\u0130zmir');\n\n        -- EXISTS ile yap\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer sorgu\n        SELECT m.*\n        FROM musteriler m\n        WHERE EXISTS (\n            SELECT 1\n            FROM (VALUES ('Ankara'), ('\u0130stanbul'), ('\u0130zmir')) AS sehirler(sehir_adi)\n            WHERE m.sehir = sehirler.sehir_adi\n        );<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Baz\u0131 veritaban\u0131 sistemlerinde, \u00f6zellikle alt sorgu karma\u015f\u0131ksa, EXISTS<\/code> IN<\/code>‘den daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterebilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc EXISTS<\/code> ilk e\u015fle\u015fmeyi buldu\u011funda alt sorguyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 durdurabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zet ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, SQL’de veri filtreleme i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ancak, kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda dikkatli olunmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli noktalar vard\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle NULL<\/code> de\u011ferler ve performans konusunda.<\/p>\n
*   Okunabilirlik \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sabit de\u011fer listeleriyle IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> kullanmak, sorgular\u0131 daha okunabilir hale getirir.
\n*   NULL<\/code> De\u011ferlere Dikkat Edin:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc alt sorgularla kullan\u0131rken, alt sorgunun NULL<\/code> de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmedi\u011finden emin olun. Aksi takdirde beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lar (genellikle bo\u015f k\u00fcme) alabilirsiniz. NOT EXISTS<\/code> bu t\u00fcr durumlarda daha g\u00fcvenli bir alternatiftir.
\n*   Performans \u0130\u00e7in Alternatifleri De\u011ferlendirin:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmelerinde veya karma\u015f\u0131k alt sorgularda, JOIN<\/code> veya EXISTS<\/code> gibi alternatifleri de\u011ferlendirin. Veritaban\u0131 optimizasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu) kullanarak sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 test edin ve en verimli y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7in.
\n*   Sabit Listeler vs. Alt Sorgular:<\/strong> Sabit de\u011fer listeleriyle IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> genellikle iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, alt sorgularla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda performans ve NULL<\/code> sorunlar\u0131na daha dikkatli yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, IN<\/code> ve NOT IN<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, SQL sorgular\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu operat\u00f6rlerin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, potansiyel tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve alternatiflerini anlamak, daha verimli, okunabilir ve do\u011fru SQL sorgular\u0131 yazman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Her zaman sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 farkl\u0131 senaryolarda test etmek ve veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n performans \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek kod:<\/strong> github.com\/fatihsoysalcom\/python-sqlite-in-not-in-operators<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme SQL’de veri filtreleme ve sorgulama, veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1505],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42439","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-sql-2","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nSQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme SQL'de veri filtreleme ve sorgulama, veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-10T14:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-10T14:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-10T14:00:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-10T14:00:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\"},\"wordCount\":1877,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"SQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2026\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/sql-in-ve-sql-not-in-operatorleri-kapsamli-bir-teknik-inceleme\/\",\"name\":\"SQL IN ve SQL NOT IN Operat\u00f6rleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Teknik \u0130nceleme - 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