Rocky Linux 9, kararl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir bir i\u015fletim sistemi olmakla birlikte, zaman zaman sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak veya bellek yetersizli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmalardan biri de “swap alan\u0131” eklemektir.<\/p>\n
Swap alan\u0131 (takas alan\u0131), bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki fiziksel RAM (Rastgele Eri\u015fim Belle\u011fi) doldu\u011funda, i\u015fletim sisteminin nadiren kullan\u0131lan bellek sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 depolamak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit disk \u00fczerindeki \u00f6zel bir aland\u0131r. Bir nevi sanal bellek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. RAM’iniz tamamen doldu\u011funda ve sistemin daha fazla belle\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funda, Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011fi (kernel) en az kullan\u0131lan bellek bloklar\u0131n\u0131 swap alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu sayede, daha aktif olan uygulamalar ve i\u015flemler i\u00e7in fiziksel RAM bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
Swap alan\u0131, sisteminizi bellek yetersizli\u011finden kaynaklanan \u00e7\u00f6kmelerden veya donmalardan koruyabilir. \u00d6zellikle yo\u011fun bellek kullanan uygulamalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken (\u00f6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131, sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, video d\u00fczenleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 veya derleme i\u015flemleri) veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck RAM’e sahip sunucularda swap alan\u0131 hayati \u00f6neme sahip olabilir. Ancak, sabit diskler RAM’den \u00e7ok daha yava\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, swap alan\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 sistem performans\u0131nda belirgin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden olabilir. \u0130deal olan, sisteminizin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca RAM’i kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu rehberdeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulayabilmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nko\u015fullara sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n
root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 eri\u015fimi veya sudo<\/code> yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131.<\/li>\n- Yeterli bo\u015f disk alan\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Mevcut Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/h2>\n
Yeni bir swap alan\u0131 eklemeden \u00f6nce, sisteminizde zaten bir swap alan\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek iyi bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 komut kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n
free -h<\/code> Komutu<\/h3>\nBu komut, sisteminizdeki toplam, kullan\u0131lan ve bo\u015f fiziksel bellek (RAM) ve swap alan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6zet bir bilgi sa\u011flar. -h<\/code> (human-readable) bayra\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 okunmas\u0131 daha kolay bir formatta (GB, MB gibi) g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\nfree -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00d6rnek \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n
total used free shared buff\/cache available\nMem: 7.7Gi 1.2Gi 5.2Gi 8.0Mi 1.3Gi 6.3Gi\nSwap: 0B 0B 0B<\/code><\/pre>\nYukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da, “Swap:” sat\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131nda “0B” (0 Bayt) g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, sisteminizde \u015fu anda etkin bir swap alan\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
swapon --show<\/code> Komutu<\/h3>\nBu komut, sistemde etkin olan t\u00fcm swap cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 listeler.<\/p>\n
swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\nE\u011fer herhangi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsan\u0131z veya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bo\u015fsa, sisteminizde etkin bir swap alan\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 (e\u011fer swap varsa):<\/p>\n
NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO\n\/swapfile file 2G 0B -2<\/code><\/pre>\ncat \/proc\/swaps<\/code> Komutu<\/h3>\nBu komut, Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011finin swap alan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu bilgileri do\u011frudan g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
cat \/proc\/swaps<\/code><\/pre>\nE\u011fer \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k sat\u0131r\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir sat\u0131r yoksa, sisteminizde etkin bir swap alan\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 (e\u011fer swap varsa):<\/p>\n
Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPriority\n\/swapfile file\t\t2097148\t0\t-2<\/code><\/pre>\nBu kontrollerden herhangi biri sisteminizde etkin bir swap alan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsa, bir sonraki ad\u0131ma ge\u00e7erek bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Swap Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h2>\n
Rocky Linux 9’da swap alan\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n ve esnek yolu, bir swap dosyas\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, ayr\u0131 bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturmaya gerek kalmadan mevcut bir dosya sistemi \u00fczerinde swap alan\u0131 tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Swap Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
dd<\/code> komutunu kullanarak belirli bir boyutta bo\u015f bir dosya olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu dosyay\u0131 genellikle k\u00f6k dizinde \/swapfile<\/code> olarak adland\u0131rmak yayg\u0131n bir pratiktir.<\/p>\nsudo dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/swapfile bs=1M count=2048<\/code><\/pre>\n\nsudo dd<\/code>: Komutu y\u00f6netici yetkileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\nif=\/dev\/zero<\/code>: Giri\u015f dosyas\u0131 olarak s\u0131f\u0131rlarla dolu sanal bir cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu, olu\u015fturulacak dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini s\u0131f\u0131rlarla doldurur.<\/li>\nof=\/swapfile<\/code>: \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 dosyas\u0131 olarak \/swapfile<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/li>\nbs=1M<\/code>: Blok boyutunu 1 Megabayt olarak ayarlar.<\/li>\ncount=2048<\/code>: 2048 adet 1MB’l\u0131k blok yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir, bu da toplamda 2048 MB (2 GB) bir dosya olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSwap Alan\u0131 Boyutu Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> Ne kadar swap alan\u0131 eklemeniz gerekti\u011fi, sisteminizin RAM miktar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131m senaryonuza ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Genel tavsiyeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n- RAM miktar\u0131 2 GB’tan az ise: RAM’in 2 kat\u0131 kadar swap.<\/li>\n
- RAM miktar\u0131 2 GB ile 8 GB aras\u0131nda ise: RAM ile ayn\u0131 miktarda veya RAM’in 1.5 kat\u0131 kadar swap.<\/li>\n
- RAM miktar\u0131 8 GB’tan fazla ise: RAM’in yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar veya en az 2-4 GB swap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, 4 GB swap alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmak isterseniz count=4096<\/code> kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 2: Swap Dosyas\u0131 \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h3>\n
Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir ve yaz\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bu dosyaya eri\u015fimini engellemek i\u00e7in izinleri 600<\/code> olarak ayarlamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\nsudo chmod 600 \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, \/swapfile<\/code> i\u00e7in okuma ve yazma izinlerini yaln\u0131zca dosyan\u0131n sahibine (root) verir.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 3: Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz dosyay\u0131 bir swap alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in mkswap<\/code> komutunu kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\nsudo mkswap \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, dosyay\u0131 bir swap alan\u0131 format\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2 GiB (2147483648 bytes)\nno label, UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx<\/code><\/pre>\nAd\u0131m 4: Swap Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz ve formatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sistemde etkinle\u015ftirebiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo swapon \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\nAd\u0131m 5: Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n
Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla eklendi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z komutlardan birini tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz:<\/p>\n
free -h<\/code><\/pre>\nveya<\/p>\n
swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\nArt\u0131k “Swap:” sat\u0131r\u0131nda veya swapon --show<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda yeni ekledi\u011finiz swap alan\u0131n\u0131n boyutunu g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n\u00d6rnek \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 (free -h<\/code>):<\/p>\n total used free shared buff\/cache available\nMem: 7.7Gi 1.2Gi 5.2Gi 8.0Mi 1.3Gi 6.3Gi\nSwap: 2.0Gi 0B 2.0Gi<\/code><\/pre>\nSwap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kal\u0131c\u0131 Hale Getirme<\/h2>\n
Yukar\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar, swap alan\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca mevcut oturum i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirir. Sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, swap alan\u0131 otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fmeyecektir. Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n her yeniden ba\u015flatmada otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na bir giri\u015f eklememiz gerekir.<\/p>\n\/etc\/fstab<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h3>\n\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131, Linux sisteminin \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi dosya sistemlerini nereye ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in bir metin d\u00fczenleyici kullanabiliriz, \u00f6rne\u011fin nano<\/code> veya vi<\/code>.<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\nDosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\nBu sat\u0131r\u0131n anlam\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n\/swapfile<\/code>: Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.<\/li>\nnone<\/code>: Swap dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011flama noktas\u0131 yoktur.<\/li>\nswap<\/code>: Bu giri\u015fin bir swap alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/li>\nsw<\/code>: Swap i\u00e7in \u00f6zel se\u00e7enekleri belirtir (genellikle yeterlidir).<\/li>\n0<\/code>: Dump se\u00e7ene\u011fi. Dosya sisteminin \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda dump<\/code> komutuyla yedeklenip yedeklenmeyece\u011fini belirler. Genellikle swap alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 0 olarak ayarlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n0<\/code>: Pass se\u00e7ene\u011fi. Dosya sistemi kontrol\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda fsck<\/code> komutuyla kontrol edilip edilmeyece\u011fini belirler. Swap alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 0 olarak ayarlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDe\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve metin d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Nano i\u00e7in: Ctrl+O<\/code>, Enter<\/code>, Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n\u00d6nemli Not:<\/strong> \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda hatal\u0131 bir giri\u015f yapmak sisteminizin \u00f6ny\u00fckleme yapmamas\u0131na neden olabilir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaparken dikkatli olun ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse d\u00fczenlemeden \u00f6nce dosyan\u0131n bir yede\u011fini al\u0131n: sudo cp \/etc\/fstab \/etc\/fstab.bak<\/code>.<\/p>\nDe\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Kontrol Etme (Yeniden Ba\u015flatmadan \u00d6nce)<\/h3>\n
Sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki yeni girdinin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm dosya sistemlerini (swap dahil) yeniden y\u00fcklemeyi deneyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo swapon -a<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm swap girdilerini okur ve hen\u00fcz etkin olmayanlar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir. Herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 almazsan\u0131z, giri\u015finizin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu varsayabiliriz.<\/p>\nArt\u0131k sisteminizi yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda swap alan\u0131 otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n
Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kald\u0131rma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h2>\n
Bazen swap alan\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmak veya boyutunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, daha fazla RAM eklediniz ve swap’a art\u0131k ihtiya\u00e7 duymuyorsunuz ya da daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak istiyorsunuz. \u0130\u015fte swap alan\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Swap Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma<\/h3>\n
\u0130lk olarak, sistemdeki swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo swapoff \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\nDo\u011frulamak i\u00e7in free -h<\/code> veya swapon --show<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemesi gerekir.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 2: \/etc\/fstab<\/code> Dosyas\u0131ndan Giri\u015fi Kald\u0131rma<\/h3>\nSistemin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar etkinle\u015ftirmesini engellemek i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndan ilgili sat\u0131r\u0131 silmelisiniz.<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\nDaha \u00f6nce ekledi\u011finiz \/swapfile none swap sw 0 0<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 silin. Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 3: Swap Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Silme<\/h3>\n
Art\u0131k swap dosyas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, disk alan\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmak i\u00e7in dosyay\u0131 silebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo rm \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\nBu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra swap alan\u0131 sisteminizden tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n
Bu rehberde, Rocky Linux 9 sisteminizde bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131, etkinle\u015ftirmeyi, kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmeyi ve gerekti\u011finde kald\u0131rmay\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Swap alan\u0131, sistem kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r, ancak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 disk G\/\u00c7 (giri\u015f\/\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f) nedeniyle performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. Do\u011fru boyutland\u0131rma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma, sisteminizin verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n1. Ne kadar swap alan\u0131 eklemeliyim?<\/h4>\n
Genel tavsiyeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n- RAM < 2 GB:<\/strong> RAM’in 2 kat\u0131 kadar swap alan\u0131.<\/li>\n
- 2 GB <= RAM <= 8 GB:<\/strong> RAM ile ayn\u0131 miktarda veya RAM’in 1.5 kat\u0131 kadar swap alan\u0131.<\/li>\n
- RAM > 8 GB:<\/strong> RAM’in yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar veya en az 2-4 GB swap alan\u0131.<\/li>\n
- Hibernasyon (Haz\u0131rda Beklet) kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa:<\/strong> RAM miktar\u0131 kadar swap alan\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ancak, bu sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z, i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcz ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bellek t\u00fcketimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli swap kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zlemliyorsan\u0131z, daha fazla RAM eklemeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
2. Swap alan\u0131 performans\u0131 etkiler mi?<\/h4>\n
Evet, etkiler. Swap alan\u0131, sabit disk \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in RAM’den \u00e7ok daha yava\u015ft\u0131r. Sistem s\u00fcrekli olarak RAM ile swap alan\u0131 aras\u0131nda veri ta\u015f\u0131mak zorunda kal\u0131rsa (bu duruma “swapping” denir), disk G\/\u00c7’si artar ve genel sistem performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu nedenle, swap alan\u0131 bir “can simidi” olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeli, birincil bellek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olarak de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
3. Birden fazla swap dosyas\u0131 veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullanabilir miyim?<\/h4>\n
Evet, Linux birden fazla swap alan\u0131 kullanman\u0131za izin verir. Her bir swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na ayr\u0131 bir giri\u015f olarak ekleyebilir ve \u00f6nceliklerini (priority) ayarlayabilirsiniz. Ancak, genellikle tek bir swap dosyas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kullan\u0131m durumu i\u00e7in yeterlidir ve y\u00f6netimi daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n4. Swap alan\u0131 diskte yer kaplar m\u0131?<\/h4>\n
Evet, swap alan\u0131, sabit diskinizde belirtilen boyutta bir dosya veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak yer kaplar. Bu alan\u0131, di\u011fer verileriniz i\u00e7in kullanamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
5. Swappiness nedir ve nas\u0131l ayarlan\u0131r?<\/h4>\n
swappiness<\/code>, Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011finin ne kadar agresif bir \u015fekilde bellek sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 swap alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden bir parametredir. De\u011feri 0 ile 100 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\nswappiness = 0<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca uzun s\u00fcre RAM’de kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve yaln\u0131zca kesinlikle gerekli oldu\u011funda (bellek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) swap kullan\u0131r. Sunucular i\u00e7in genellikle \u00f6nerilen de\u011ferdir.<\/li>\nswappiness = 100<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, bellek sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 swap alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok agresiftir, bu da daha fazla disk G\/\u00c7’sine neden olabilir.<\/li>\n- Varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer (genellikle 60):<\/strong> Dengeyi sa\u011flar, ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda bu de\u011fer \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Mevcut swappiness<\/code> de\u011ferini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\ncat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/code><\/pre>\nGe\u00e7ici olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in (yeniden ba\u015flatmada s\u0131f\u0131rlan\u0131r):<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/pre>\nKal\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-sysctl.conf<\/code> (veya \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code>) dosyas\u0131na bir sat\u0131r ekleyin:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\nDosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
vm.swappiness = 10<\/code><\/pre>\nKaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\nswappiness<\/code> de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, sistemin daha uzun s\u00fcre RAM’i kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak genel performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir, ancak sistemde ger\u00e7ekten bellek yetersizli\u011fi ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yava\u015f tepki vermesine neden olabilir. Kendi kullan\u0131m senaryonuza g\u00f6re en uygun de\u011feri bulmak i\u00e7in deneme yapman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rocky Linux 9, kararl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir bir i\u015fletim sistemi olmakla birlikte, zaman zaman sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak veya bellek yetersizli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-41108","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
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