Bu rehber, CentOS 6.4 x64 i\u015fletim sistemine sahip bir Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu (VPS) \u00fczerinde Nginx web sunucusunu kaynaktan derleyerek kurman\u0131n t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Nginx’i kaynaktan derlemek, size en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri kullanma, belirli mod\u00fclleri ekleme veya \u00e7\u0131karma, \u00f6zel derleme se\u00e7enekleri uygulama ve sunucunuzun performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etme konusunda esneklik sa\u011flar. \u00d6zellikle CentOS 6.x gibi daha eski i\u015fletim sistemlerinde, depo paketlerinin g\u00fcncel olmayabilece\u011fi durumlarda bu y\u00f6ntem olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nginx’i kaynaktan derlemenin bir\u00e7ok avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
* En G\u00fcncel S\u00fcr\u00fcm:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletim sistemi depolar\u0131nda bulunan Nginx s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc genellikle en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmayabilir. Kaynaktan derleyerek, Nginx’in en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc veya hatta geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz. Bu, en yeni \u00f6zelliklere, performans iyile\u015ftirmelerine ve g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na eri\u015fmenizi sa\u011flar. Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlere sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun:<\/p>\n * CentOS 6.4 x64 VPS:<\/strong> SSH eri\u015fimine sahip, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir CentOS 6.4 x64 sunucu. Herhangi bir kurulum i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan ve gerekli derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n SSH ile sunucunuza ba\u011flan\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak sisteminizi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n Bu komut, mevcut t\u00fcm paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine g\u00fcncelleyecektir.<\/p>\n Nginx’i kaynaktan derlemek i\u00e7in bir dizi geli\u015ftirme arac\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Bunlar\u0131 Bu paket, Nginx’in baz\u0131 temel i\u015flevleri i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kurmam\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n * PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions):<\/strong> Nginx’in URL yeniden yazma (rewrite) mod\u00fcl\u00fc ve Bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n * G\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla, Nginx’in ana i\u015flemi A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla * \u015eimdi Nginx’in kaynak kodunu indirece\u011fiz. Nginx’in resmi web sitesi [nginx.org](https:\/\/nginx.org\/) adresinden en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alabilirsiniz. Bu rehber yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada 1.24.0 kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm mevcuttu, ancak siz en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol etmelisiniz.<\/p>\n Kaynak kodunu indirmek i\u00e7in * \u0130ndirdi\u011finiz ar\u015fiv dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n Bu komutlar, ar\u015fiv dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Bu ad\u0131m, Nginx’i derlemeden \u00f6nce nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011fimiz en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan ve \u00f6nerilen baz\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7eneklerini i\u00e7eren bir \u00f6rnek bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu se\u00e7enekleri kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131daki se\u00e7eneklerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n * Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduktan sonra, Nginx’i derleyebilir ve kurabiliriz.<\/p>\n Kaynak kodunu derlemek i\u00e7in Bu i\u015flem sunucunuzun performans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n Derleme tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bu komut, Kurulumdan sonra, Nginx’in ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nbellek dizinlerini olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve do\u011fru izinleri verelim:<\/p>\n Bu, Nginx’in ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde yazabilmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n CentOS 6.4, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi Dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n Dosyay\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir izinlerini verin ve Nginx’i sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na ekleyin:<\/p>\n * Nginx’in varsay\u0131lan bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00f6rne\u011fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n Varsay\u0131lan Web K\u00f6k Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> CentOS 6.4’te varsay\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 Mevcut A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla HTTP (80) ve HTTPS (443) portlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydetmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n Art\u0131k Nginx’i ba\u015flatabilir ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebiliriz.<\/p>\n Nginx’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Nginx’in yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda herhangi bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, VPS’inizin IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na yazarak Nginx’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n. Nginx servisini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n * Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong> * Nginx Ba\u015flam\u0131yor:<\/strong> Bu rehberde, Nginx web sunucusunu CentOS 6.4 x64 VPS \u00fczerinde kaynaktan derleyerek kurman\u0131n t\u00fcm detayl\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131k. Sistemi g\u00fcncellemekten, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kurmaya, Nginx kaynak kodunu yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya, derlemeye ve kurmaya kadar her a\u015famay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g\u00f6sterdik. Ayr\u0131ca, bir Nginx’i kaynaktan derlemek, size sunucunuz \u00fczerinde tam kontrol ve esneklik sa\u011flar. Art\u0131k Nginx’in en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor ve \u00f6zel mod\u00fcllerle geni\u015fletme potansiyeline sahipsiniz. \u0130leri d\u00fczey yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar, sanal hostlar, ters proxy kurulumlar\u0131 ve performans optimizasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Nginx dok\u00fcmantasyonunu incelemeye devam edebilirsiniz. Bu kurulum, web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z veya statik web siteleriniz i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve optimize edilmi\u015f bir temel olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nginx’i CentOS 6. 4 x64 VPS \u00dczerinde Kaynaktan Derleme ve Kurulum Rehberi Bu rehber, CentOS 6.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-40992","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
\n* \u00d6zel Mod\u00fcller:<\/strong> Nginx, bir\u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf mod\u00fcl\u00fc destekler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Google PageSpeed, Brotli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, VTS mod\u00fcl\u00fc). Bu mod\u00fcller genellikle standart depo paketlerinde bulunmaz. Kaynaktan derleme, bu mod\u00fclleri do\u011frudan Nginx \u00e7ekirde\u011fiyle birlikte derlemenize olanak tan\u0131r.
\n* Performans Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> Kendi derleme se\u00e7eneklerinizi belirleyerek (\u00f6rne\u011fin, belirli CPU mimarileri i\u00e7in optimizasyonlar), Nginx’in sunucunuzda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi performans\u0131 g\u00f6stermesini sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.
\n* Esneklik ve Kontrol:<\/strong> Kurulum dizinlerini, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup ayarlar\u0131n\u0131, log dosyas\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok parametreyi tamamen kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Belirli g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 veya d\u00fczeltmelerini, resmi depo g\u00fcncellemelerini beklemeden uygulayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 veya sudo yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucu \u00fczerinde paketleri indirmek ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.
\n* Temel Linux Bilgisi:<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve temel Linux dosya sistemi bilgisi.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 1: Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme ve Gerekli Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Kurma<\/h3>\n
Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
sudo yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\nDerleme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Kurma<\/h4>\n
Development Tools<\/code> grup paketi ile kolayca kurabiliriz:<\/p>\nsudo yum groupinstall \"Development Tools\" -y<\/code><\/pre>\ngcc<\/code>, make<\/code>, autoconf<\/code> gibi temel derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 2: Nginx Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Kurma<\/h3>\n
location<\/code> direktifleri i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli ifadeleri i\u015flemesini sa\u011flar.
\n* zlib:<\/strong> Nginx’in HTTP s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (gzip) mod\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n* OpenSSL:<\/strong> Nginx’in HTTPS (SSL\/TLS) deste\u011fi i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\nsudo yum install pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel -y<\/code><\/pre>\npcre<\/code> ve zlib<\/code> k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin kendisidir.
\n* pcre-devel<\/code>, zlib-devel<\/code>, openssl-devel<\/code> ise bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin geli\u015ftirme dosyalar\u0131d\u0131r (header dosyalar\u0131 ve statik k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler), derleme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in gereklidirler.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 3: Nginx Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve Grubu Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
root<\/code> olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, worker (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan) i\u015flemlerini ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, Nginx’in bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle tehlikeye girmesi durumunda, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sistem \u00fczerinde root yetkisi elde etmesini engeller.<\/p>\nnginx<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubu olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\nsudo groupadd -r nginx\nsudo useradd -r -g nginx -s \/sbin\/nologin -M nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n-r<\/code>: Bir sistem hesab\u0131 olu\u015fturur.
\n* -g nginx<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 nginx<\/code> grubuna ekler.
\n* -s \/sbin\/nologin<\/code>: Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n shell’e giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.
\n* -M<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in ev dizini olu\u015fturmaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Nginx kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir ev dizinine ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 4: Nginx Kaynak Kodunu \u0130ndirme<\/h3>\n
\/usr\/local\/src<\/code> dizinini kullanmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\ncd \/usr\/local\/src\nsudo wget http:\/\/nginx.org\/download\/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\nwget<\/code> komutu, belirtilen URL’den dosyay\u0131 indirir. L\u00fctfen URL’yi en g\u00fcncel Nginx s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellemeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\nsudo tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz\ncd nginx-1.24.0<\/code><\/pre>\nnginx-1.24.0<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dizine a\u00e7acak ve ard\u0131ndan o dizine ge\u00e7i\u015f yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 5: Nginx’i Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Configure)<\/h3>\n
configure<\/code> beti\u011fi, Nginx’in hangi mod\u00fcllerle derlenece\u011fini, kurulum dizinlerini, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 vb. belirlememizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\nsudo .\/configure \\\n --prefix=\/etc\/nginx \\\n --sbin-path=\/usr\/sbin\/nginx \\\n --conf-path=\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf \\\n --error-log-path=\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log \\\n --http-log-path=\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log \\\n --pid-path=\/var\/run\/nginx.pid \\\n --lock-path=\/var\/run\/nginx.lock \\\n --http-client-body-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/client_temp \\\n --http-proxy-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/proxy_temp \\\n --http-fastcgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/fastcgi_temp \\\n --http-uwsgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/uwsgi_temp \\\n --http-scgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/scgi_temp \\\n --user=nginx \\\n --group=nginx \\\n --with-compat \\\n --with-file-aio \\\n --with-threads \\\n --with-http_ssl_module \\\n --with-http_realip_module \\\n --with-http_addition_module \\\n --with-http_sub_module \\\n --with-http_dav_module \\\n --with-http_flv_module \\\n --with-http_mp4_module \\\n --with-http_gunzip_module \\\n --with-http_gzip_static_module \\\n --with-http_auth_request_module \\\n --with-http_random_index_module \\\n --with-http_secure_link_module \\\n --with-http_slice_module \\\n --with-http_stub_status_module \\\n --with-http_v2_module \\\n --with-mail \\\n --with-mail_ssl_module \\\n --with-stream \\\n --with-stream_ssl_module \\\n --with-pcre \\\n --with-pcre-jit \\\n --with-zlib<\/code><\/pre>\n--prefix=\/etc\/nginx<\/code>: Nginx’in t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k dizini. Genellikle \/usr\/local\/nginx<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak bu rehberde daha standart bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\n* --sbin-path=\/usr\/sbin\/nginx<\/code>: Nginx \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --conf-path=\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code>: Ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --error-log-path=\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code>: Hata log dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --http-log-path=\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/code>: Eri\u015fim log dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --pid-path=\/var\/run\/nginx.pid<\/code>: Nginx ana i\u015fleminin PID dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --lock-path=\/var\/run\/nginx.lock<\/code>: Kilit dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n* --http-client-body-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/client_temp<\/code>: HTTP istemci g\u00f6vdesi ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n depolanaca\u011f\u0131 yol.
\n* --http-proxy-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/proxy_temp<\/code>: HTTP proxy ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n depolanaca\u011f\u0131 yol.
\n* --http-fastcgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/fastcgi_temp<\/code>: FastCGI ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n depolanaca\u011f\u0131 yol.
\n* --http-uwsgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/uwsgi_temp<\/code>: uWSGI ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n depolanaca\u011f\u0131 yol.
\n* --http-scgi-temp-path=\/var\/cache\/nginx\/scgi_temp<\/code>: SCGI ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n depolanaca\u011f\u0131 yol.
\n * \u00d6NEML\u0130:<\/strong> Bu ge\u00e7ici dizinlerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Kurulumdan sonra bu dizinleri olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z.
\n* --user=nginx<\/code>: Nginx worker i\u015flemlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131.
\n* --group=nginx<\/code>: Nginx worker i\u015flemlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 grup.
\n* --with-compat<\/code>: Nginx’in dinamik mod\u00fcllerle uyumlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-file-aio<\/code>: Asenkron dosya G\/\u00c7’yi etkinle\u015ftirir. B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 sunarken performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.
\n* --with-threads<\/code>: Nginx’in baz\u0131 g\u00f6revleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dosya G\/\u00c7) ayr\u0131 i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_ssl_module<\/code>: HTTPS (SSL\/TLS) deste\u011fi i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n* --with-http_realip_module<\/code>: \u0130stemcinin ger\u00e7ek IP adresini tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (proxy arkas\u0131ndayken).
\n* --with-http_addition_module<\/code>: Yan\u0131tlara metin eklemeyi sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_sub_module<\/code>: Yan\u0131tlardaki metni de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_dav_module<\/code>: WebDAV protokol deste\u011fi.
\n* --with-http_flv_module<\/code>: FLV ak\u0131\u015f deste\u011fi.
\n* --with-http_mp4_module<\/code>: MP4 ak\u0131\u015f deste\u011fi.
\n* --with-http_gunzip_module<\/code>: Gzip ile s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyalar\u0131 istemciye g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce a\u00e7ar.
\n* --with-http_gzip_static_module<\/code>: \u00d6nceden s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f .gz<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 sunmay\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_auth_request_module<\/code>: Harici bir sunucu taraf\u0131ndan kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_random_index_module<\/code>: Dizin istekleri i\u00e7in rastgele bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 sayfas\u0131 se\u00e7er.
\n* --with-http_secure_link_module<\/code>: G\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131lar olu\u015fturmay\u0131 sa\u011flar (zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve IP bazl\u0131).
\n* --with-http_slice_module<\/code>: B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lerek paralel indirme veya \u00f6nbellekleme sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_stub_status_module<\/code>: Nginx’in temel durum bilgilerini g\u00f6steren bir sayfa sa\u011flar.
\n* --with-http_v2_module<\/code>: HTTP\/2 protokol deste\u011fi. (CentOS 6.4 i\u00e7in OpenSSL s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn HTTP\/2 deste\u011fi i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011fundan emin olun, aksi takdirde sorun ya\u015fayabilirsiniz.)
\n* --with-mail<\/code>: Nginx’i bir e-posta proxy sunucusu olarak kullanmak i\u00e7in mod\u00fcl.
\n* --with-mail_ssl_module<\/code>: E-posta proxy i\u00e7in SSL\/TLS deste\u011fi.
\n* --with-stream<\/code>: TCP\/UDP proxy ve y\u00fck dengeleme mod\u00fcl\u00fc.
\n* --with-stream_ssl_module<\/code>: TCP\/UDP proxy i\u00e7in SSL\/TLS deste\u011fi.
\n* --with-pcre<\/code>: PCRE k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini kullan\u0131r.
\n* --with-pcre-jit<\/code>: PCRE i\u00e7in JIT (Just-In-Time) derlemesini etkinle\u015ftirir, d\u00fczenli ifade performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* --with-zlib<\/code>: zlib k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\nconfigure<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 almamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer bir hata al\u0131rsan\u0131z, genellikle eksik bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k veya yanl\u0131\u015f bir yoldan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 6: Nginx’i Derleme ve Kurma<\/h3>\n
Derleme<\/h4>\n
make<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\nsudo make<\/code><\/pre>\nKurulum<\/h4>\n
make install<\/code> komutuyla Nginx’i kurun:<\/p>\nsudo make install<\/code><\/pre>\nconfigure<\/code> ad\u0131m\u0131nda belirtti\u011finiz dizinlere Nginx dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kopyalayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nsudo mkdir -p \/var\/cache\/nginx\/{client_temp,proxy_temp,fastcgi_temp,uwsgi_temp,scgi_temp}\nsudo chown -R nginx:nginx \/var\/cache\/nginx<\/code><\/pre>\nAd\u0131m 7: Nginx Servis Beti\u011fi Olu\u015fturma (SysVinit i\u00e7in)<\/h3>\n
systemd<\/code> yerine SysVinit<\/code> kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Nginx’i bir servis olarak ba\u015flatmak, durdurmak ve yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in bir init.d<\/code> beti\u011fi olu\u015fturmam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\/etc\/init.d\/nginx<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kaydedin:<\/p>\nsudo vi \/etc\/init.d\/nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n#!\/bin\/bash\n# nginx This script starts and stops the nginx daemon<\/h2>\n
# chkconfig: - 85 15<\/h2>\n
description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP\/POP3 proxy server<\/h2>\n
processname: nginx<\/h2>\n
config: \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/h2>\n
pidfile: \/var\/run\/nginx.pid<\/h2>\n\n
Source function library.<\/h2>\n. \/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/functions\n\n
Source networking configuration.<\/h2>\n. \/etc\/sysconfig\/network\n\n
Check that networking is up.<\/h2>\n[ \"$NETWORKING\" = \"no\" ] && exit 0\n\nnginx=\"\/usr\/sbin\/nginx\"\nprog=$(basename $nginx)\n\nNGINX_CONF_FILE=\"\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\"\n\n[ -f \/etc\/sysconfig\/nginx ] && . \/etc\/sysconfig\/nginx\n\nlockfile=\/var\/lock\/subsys\/nginx\n\nstart() {\n [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5\n [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6\n echo -n $\"Starting $prog: \"\n daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE\n retval=$?\n echo\n [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile\n return $retval\n}\n\nstop() {\n echo -n $\"Stopping $prog: \"\n killproc $prog -QUIT\n retval=$?\n echo\n [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile\n return $retval\n}\n\nrestart() {\n configtest || return $?\n stop\n start\n}\n\nreload() {\n configtest || return $?\n echo -n $\"Reloading $prog: \"\n killproc $nginx -HUP\n retval=$?\n echo\n}\n\nconfigtest() {\n $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE\n}\n\nrh_status() {\n status $prog\n}\n\nrh_status_q() {\n rh_status >\/dev\/null 2>&1\n}\n\ncase \"$1\" in\n start)\n rh_status_q && exit 0\n $1\n ;;\n stop)\n rh_status_q || exit 0\n $1\n ;;\n restart)\n $1\n ;;\n reload)\n rh_status_q || exit 7\n $1\n ;;\n status)\n rh_status\n ;;\n configtest)\n configtest\n ;;\n *)\n echo $\"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}\"\n exit 2\nesac<\/code><\/pre>\n
sudo chmod +x \/etc\/init.d\/nginx\nsudo chkconfig --add nginx\nsudo chkconfig nginx on<\/code><\/pre>\nchmod +x<\/code>: Beti\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir yapar.
\n* chkconfig --add nginx<\/code>: Nginx servisini chkconfig<\/code> sistemine ekler.
\n* chkconfig nginx on<\/code>: Nginx’in sunucu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 8: Nginx Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> adresinde zaten olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek web sunucunuzu yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\nsudo vi \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n# Nginx ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131\nDaha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in: http:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/<\/h2>\n\nuser nginx; # Nginx worker s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131\nworker_processes auto; # Worker s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin say\u0131s\u0131 (CPU \u00e7ekirdek say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re 'auto' kullanmak iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r)\n\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn; # Hata logu yolu ve seviyesi\npid \/var\/run\/nginx.pid; # PID dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu\n\nevents {\n worker_connections 1024; # Her worker s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in maksimum e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131\n use epoll; # Linux i\u00e7in en iyi performans sa\u011flayan olay modelidir\n}\n\nhttp {\n include \/etc\/nginx\/mime.types; # MIME tipleri dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dahil et\n default_type application\/octet-stream; # Bilinmeyen dosya tipleri i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan MIME tipi\n\n log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] \"$request\" '\n '$status $body_bytes_sent \"$http_referer\" '\n '\"$http_user_agent\" \"$http_x_forwarded_for\"'; # Log format\u0131\n\n access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main; # Eri\u015fim logu yolu ve format\u0131\n\n sendfile on; # Dosya g\u00f6nderme i\u015flemini do\u011frudan \u00e7ekirde\u011fe devreder\n #tcp_nopush on; # sendfile ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r, veri paketlerinin dolmas\u0131n\u0131 bekler\n\n keepalive_timeout 65; # \u0130stemci ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131k kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler\n\n gzip on; # Gzip s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftir\n gzip_vary on;\n gzip_proxied any;\n gzip_comp_level 6;\n gzip_buffers 16 8k;\n gzip_http_version 1.1;\n gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;\n\n # Sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 dahil et\n include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/*.conf;\n\n # Varsay\u0131lan sunucu blo\u011fu\n server {\n listen 80; # HTTP trafi\u011fi i\u00e7in 80 numaral\u0131 portu dinle\n server_name localhost; # Sunucu ad\u0131\n\n # Varsay\u0131lan k\u00f6k dizin\n root \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html;\n\n # \u0130ndeks dosyalar\u0131\n index index.html index.htm;\n\n # Hata sayfalar\u0131\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;\n location = \/50x.html {\n root \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html;\n }\n\n # PHP i\u015fleme \u00f6rne\u011fi (PHP-FPM ile birlikte kullan\u0131lacaksa)\n #location ~ \\.php$ {\n # root html;\n # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;\n # fastcgi_index index.php;\n # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \/scripts$fastcgi_script_name;\n # include fastcgi_params;\n #}\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nYukar\u0131daki yap\u0131land\u0131rmada \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html<\/code> dizini web k\u00f6k dizini olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu dizini olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve basit bir index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 ekleyelim:<\/p>\nsudo mkdir -p \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\necho \"\" | sudo tee \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\/index.html\nsudo chown -R nginx:nginx \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html<\/code><\/pre>\nAd\u0131m 9: G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (iptables)<\/h3>\n
iptables<\/code>‘t\u0131r. Nginx’in HTTP (80) ve HTTPS (443) isteklerini alabilmesi i\u00e7in bu portlar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda a\u00e7mam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\niptables<\/code> kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\nsudo iptables -L -n<\/code><\/pre>\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\nsudo service iptables save<\/code><\/pre>\niptables<\/code> servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\nsudo service iptables restart<\/code><\/pre>\nAd\u0131m 10: Nginx’i Ba\u015flatma ve Test Etme<\/h3>\n
Nginx’i Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
sudo service nginx start<\/code><\/pre>\nDurumunu Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n
sudo service nginx status<\/code><\/pre>\nnginx (pid xxxx) is running...<\/code> gibi bir ifade g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, Nginx i\u015fleminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ps<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nps aux | grep nginx<\/code><\/pre>\nYap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h4>\n
sudo nginx -t<\/code><\/pre>\nsyntax is ok<\/code> ve test is successful<\/code> mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\nWeb Taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n
http:\/\/your_vps_ip_address<\/code> adresine gitti\u011finizde, “Welcome to Nginx on CentOS 6.4!” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren basit HTML sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 11: Nginx’i Y\u00f6netme<\/h3>\n
sudo service nginx start<\/code>
\n* Durdurma:<\/strong> sudo service nginx stop<\/code>
\n* Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong> sudo service nginx restart<\/code> (Nginx’i tamamen durdurup yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131r)
\n* Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 Yeniden Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong> sudo service nginx reload<\/code> (Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kesintisiz olarak uygular, mevcut ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmez)
\n* Durum:<\/strong> sudo service nginx status<\/code><\/p>\nS\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
\n * Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> sudo nginx -t<\/code> komutuyla yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zdaki hatalar\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n * Port \u00c7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131:<\/strong> Ba\u015fka bir servisin (\u00f6rne\u011fin Apache) 80 veya 443 portunu kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin: sudo netstat -tulnp | grep \":80\"<\/code>.
\n * \u0130zinler:<\/strong> Nginx’in log dosyalar\u0131na veya ge\u00e7ici dizinlerine yazma izni olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (\/var\/log\/nginx<\/code>, \/var\/cache\/nginx<\/code>). chown -R nginx:nginx \/var\/log\/nginx \/var\/cache\/nginx<\/code> komutunu deneyin.
\n* Web Taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan Eri\u015filemiyor:<\/strong>
\n * G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> iptables<\/code> kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin ve 80\/443 portlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n * SELinux:<\/strong> CentOS’ta SELinux etkinse, Nginx’in web i\u00e7eri\u011fini sunmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir. SELinux’u ge\u00e7ici olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p test edebilirsiniz (sudo setenforce 0<\/code>). E\u011fer sorun SELinux ise, kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak izinleri ayarlaman\u0131z veya SELinux’u tamamen devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131z gerekebilir (\/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek SELINUX=disabled<\/code> yap\u0131n ve sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n).
\n * Nginx \u00c7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki “Nginx Ba\u015flam\u0131yor” ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n* Eksik Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar:<\/strong> configure<\/code> ad\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda error: the HTTP X.X.X module requires the X.X.X library<\/code> gibi hatalar al\u0131rsan\u0131z, ilgili ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k paketinin devel<\/code> s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurman\u0131z gerekir (\u00f6rne\u011fin yum install pcre-devel<\/code>).
\n* HTTP\/2 Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> CentOS 6.4’teki OpenSSL s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc eski olabilir. E\u011fer --with-http_v2_module<\/code> ile sorun ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, OpenSSL’i kaynaktan derleyerek daha yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcme y\u00fckseltmeniz veya HTTP\/2 mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu, daha ileri d\u00fczey bir ad\u0131md\u0131r ve bu rehberin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\nSonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
init.d<\/code> servis beti\u011fi olu\u015fturarak Nginx’in sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k ve temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma ile g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131k.<\/p>\n