{"id":40542,"date":"2026-02-27T16:40:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T13:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=40542"},"modified":"2026-02-27T16:40:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T13:40:59","slug":"ubuntu-20-04-uzerine-r-kurulumu-hizli-baslangic-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-20-04-uzerine-r-kurulumu-hizli-baslangic-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerine R Kurulumu [H\u0131zl\u0131 Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Rehberi]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerine R Kurulumu [H\u0131zl\u0131 Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Rehberi]<\/h2>\n<p>Veri bilimi, istatistiksel analiz ve makine \u00f6\u011frenimi alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan profesyoneller ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in R, vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131, geni\u015f paket ekosistemi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc grafik yetenekleri sayesinde R, karma\u015f\u0131k veri setlerini analiz etmek, modeller olu\u015fturmak ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tercih edilen bir programlama dili ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, pop\u00fcler ve kararl\u0131 bir i\u015fletim sistemi olan Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) \u00fczerine R&#8217;nin nas\u0131l h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca, R deneyiminizi zenginle\u015ftirecek RStudio IDE&#8217;nin kurulumunu ve temel kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da bu rehberde bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, hem yeni ba\u015flayanlar hem de deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, eksiksiz ve pratik bir kurulum s\u00fcreci sunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Giri\u015f: R ve Ubuntu 20.04 Neden \u00d6nemli?<\/h3>\n<p>R, istatistiksel hesaplama ve grafikler i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir programlama dilidir. Yeni nesil veri bilimciler ve analistler i\u00e7in kilit bir ara\u00e7 olarak kabul edilir. R&#8217;nin temel g\u00fcc\u00fc, binlerce kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcncellenen zengin paket k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinden gelir. Bu paketler, veri manip\u00fclasyonundan (dplyr, tidyr), veri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmeye (ggplot2), makine \u00f6\u011frenimi algoritmalar\u0131na (caret, randomForest) ve ileri d\u00fczey istatistiksel modellemeye kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunar. R&#8217;nin a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak do\u011fas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fmesini ve geni\u015f bir topluluk deste\u011fiyle b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Long Term Support) ise, hem masa\u00fcst\u00fc hem de sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, Canonical taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen pop\u00fcler bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri, uzun s\u00fcreli g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k sunarak, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal bir temel olu\u015fturur. Bu kombinasyon \u2013 R&#8217;nin analitik g\u00fcc\u00fc ve Ubuntu&#8217;nun kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 veri bilimi projeleri i\u00e7in sa\u011flam, g\u00fcvenilir ve verimli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu rehber, Ubuntu 20.04 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n R ve RStudio&#8217;yu h\u0131zl\u0131ca kurup kullanmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, veri analizi yolculuklar\u0131na sorunsuz bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n<p>R kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi:<\/strong> Fiziksel bir makine, sanal makine (VMware, VirtualBox gibi) veya bulut sunucusu (AWS EC2, Google Cloud, Azure VM gibi) \u00fczerinde kurulu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sudo Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na Sahip Bir Kullan\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> Kurulum i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sistem genelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapma yetkisine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Genellikle, ilk kurulumda olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131 bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131klara sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktif \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Gerekli paketleri indirmek ve depo anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in sabit bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temel Linux Terminal Bilgisi:<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak paketleri y\u00fckleme, dosyalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve sistem yap\u0131land\u0131rma gibi temel i\u015flemleri yapabilmeniz beklenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu ko\u015fullar sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, R kurulumuna g\u00fcvenle devam edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>R Kurulumu Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m<\/h3>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, R&#8217;yi Ubuntu 20.04 sisteminize kurmak i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz. Her komutun ne anlama geldi\u011fini ve neden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, s\u00fcreci daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h4>1. Sistem Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n<p>Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncellemek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, en son paket bilgilerini alman\u0131z\u0131 ve olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>sudo apt update<\/code>: Sisteminizdeki t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f depolar\u0131n paket indekslerini (mevcut paketlerin listesini) g\u00fcnceller. Bu, APT&#8217;nin hangi paketlerin mevcut oldu\u011funu ve hangi s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinin oldu\u011funu bilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code>: Mevcut t\u00fcm y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir. Bu ad\u0131m, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel kalmas\u0131n\u0131 ve potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <code>-y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak &#8220;evet&#8221; yan\u0131t\u0131 vererek i\u015flemi otomatize eder ve kesintisiz bir y\u00fckseltme sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. Gerekli Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Kurma<\/h4>\n<p>R&#8217;nin ve R paketlerinin sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde kurulabilmesi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel sistem ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar, genellikle depo y\u00f6netimi, g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131lar ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install dirmngr apt-transport-https software-properties-common ca-certificates gnupg gnupg2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>dirmngr<\/code>: Sertifika yetkililerini (CA) y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle GPG anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve do\u011frulu\u011funu sa\u011flamada rol oynar.<\/li>\n<li><code>apt-transport-https<\/code>: APT paket y\u00f6neticisinin HTTPS protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden depolarla g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, paketleri indirirken veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gizlili\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li><code>software-properties-common<\/code>: Sisteme yeni yaz\u0131l\u0131m depolar\u0131 eklemek veya mevcutlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u00d6zellikle <code>add-apt-repository<\/code> komutunu sa\u011flamas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf depolar\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/li>\n<li><code>ca-certificates<\/code>: SSL\/TLS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6k sertifikalar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. G\u00fcvenli web siteleri ve depolarla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><code>gnupg<\/code> ve <code>gnupg2<\/code>: GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Depo anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktarmak ve indirilen paketlerin orijinalli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) Deposu Ekleme<\/h4>\n<p>R paketleri ve R&#8217;nin kendisi, d\u00fcnya genelindeki CRAN sunucular\u0131 \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Ubuntu&#8217;nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda R&#8217;nin daha eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bulunabilir. En g\u00fcncel ve kararl\u0131 R s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in CRAN&#8217;\u0131n resmi deposunu sistemimize eklememiz gerekmektedir. Bu, R&#8217;nin en yeni \u00f6zelliklerine ve paket g\u00fcncellemelerine eri\u015fmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, CRAN deposunun GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sistemimize eklememiz gerekiyor. Bu anahtar, indirdi\u011fimiz paketlerin ger\u00e7ekten CRAN&#8217;dan geldi\u011fini ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini do\u011frulamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, belirtilen GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 <code>keyserver.ubuntu.com<\/code> sunucusundan al\u0131r ve sisteminize ekler. Anahtar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla eklendi\u011fini belirten bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 genellikle &#8220;gpg: key E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9: public key &#8220;Michael Rutter <marutter@gmail.com>&#8221; imported&#8221; \u015feklinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ard\u0131ndan, CRAN deposunu APT kaynak listemize ekleyece\u011fiz. Ubuntu 20.04 i\u00e7in &#8220;focal&#8221; kod ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. <code>cloud.r-project.org<\/code> adresi, size co\u011frafi olarak en yak\u0131n CRAN yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak y\u00f6nlendiren bir CDN (\u0130\u00e7erik Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m A\u011f\u0131) oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tercih edilir ve indirme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https:\/\/cloud.r-project.org\/bin\/linux\/ubuntu focal-cran40\/'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, CRAN deposunu sisteminizin <code>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/code> dizinine yeni bir kaynak dosyas\u0131 olarak ekler. Depo eklendikten sonra, APT paket y\u00f6neticisinin yeni depoyu tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve oradaki paket bilgilerini almas\u0131 i\u00e7in paket listesini tekrar g\u00fcncellememiz gerekir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu g\u00fcncelleme, sisteminize art\u0131k CRAN&#8217;dan R paketlerini ve R&#8217;nin kendisini kurabilece\u011fini bildirir.<\/p>\n<h4>4. R Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>Art\u0131k t\u00fcm \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamland\u0131. CRAN deposundan R&#8217;yi kurmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install r-base r-base-dev -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>r-base<\/code>: R&#8217;nin temel sistemini, yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve standart k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini i\u00e7erir. Bu, R&#8217;yi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ve temel istatistiksel i\u015flemleri yapmak i\u00e7in minimum gerekliliktir.<\/li>\n<li><code>r-base-dev<\/code>: R paketleri geli\u015ftirmek ve derlemek i\u00e7in gerekli olan ba\u015fl\u0131k dosyalar\u0131n\u0131, statik k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri ve di\u011fer geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bir\u00e7ok R paketi, C, C++ veya Fortran gibi dillerde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alt bile\u015fenlere sahip oldu\u011fundan, bu paketin kurulu olmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k veya performans odakl\u0131 R paketlerinin kurulum hatalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kurulum s\u00fcresi internet ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na ve sisteminizin performans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrebilir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, terminalinizde herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6rmemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n<h4>5. Kurulumu Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n<p>R&#8217;nin ba\u015far\u0131yla kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 basit komut kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, R&#8217;nin y\u00fckl\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">R --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, sisteminizde y\u00fckl\u00fc olan R s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (\u00f6rne\u011fin, &#8220;R version 4.x.x (YYYY-MM-DD) &#8212; &#8220;Codename&#8221;&#8221;) g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Veri bilimi, istatistiksel analiz ve makine \u00f6\u011frenimi alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan profesyoneller ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in R, vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-40542","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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