Web uygulamas\u0131 geli\u015ftirme d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Ruby on Rails (Rails), h\u0131zl\u0131 prototipleme ve sa\u011flam, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir uygulamalar olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan pop\u00fcler bir \u00e7er\u00e7evedir. Ancak bir Rails uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, onu canl\u0131 bir sunucuda da\u011f\u0131tmak da \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu makalede, CentOS 6 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Apache web sunucusu ve Phusion Passenger uygulama sunucusu kullanarak bir Rails 4 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. CentOS 6, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli deste\u011fi ile bilinen bir sunucu i\u015fletim sistemidir. Apache, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan web sunucular\u0131ndan biridir ve Passenger, Rails uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 Apache \u00fczerinde kolayca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mod\u00fcld\u00fcr. Bu kombinasyon, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir ve performansl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.<\/p>\n
Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/code> yetkilerine sahip veya root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131).<\/li>\n- Temel Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi.<\/li>\n
- Minimum 1 GB RAM (tercihen 2 GB veya daha fazla).<\/li>\n
- Stabil bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bu makalede, t\u00fcm komutlar\u0131n root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak veya sudo<\/code> \u00f6nekiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle sudo<\/code> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\nSistem G\u00fcncelleme ve Temel Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
CentOS 6 sisteminizi g\u00fcncelleyerek ve gerekli temel geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kurarak ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Bu, olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
\u0130lk olarak, sisteminizdeki t\u00fcm paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\nBu i\u015flem biraz zaman alabilir. Tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, sistemin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir, ancak bu makale i\u00e7in zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Gerekli Geli\u015ftirme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Kurma<\/h4>\n
Ruby ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 derlemek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olacak:<\/p>\n
sudo yum groupinstall \"Development Tools\" -y\nsudo yum install curl wget git libyaml-devel libffi-devel readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\nDevelopment Tools<\/code>: Derleyiciler (gcc, g++), make ve di\u011fer temel geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\ncurl<\/code>, wget<\/code>, git<\/code>: Dosya indirme ve versiyon kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\nlibyaml-devel<\/code>, libffi-devel<\/code>, readline-devel<\/code>, zlib-devel<\/code>, openssl-devel<\/code>: Ruby ve baz\u0131 gem’lerin derlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan k\u00fct\u00fcphane ba\u015fl\u0131k dosyalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nRuby Kurulumu (RVM ile)<\/h3>\n
Sistem Ruby’sini kullanmak yerine, Ruby Version Manager (RVM) veya rbenv gibi bir ara\u00e7 kullanarak Ruby’yi kurmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, birden fazla Ruby s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netmenize ve sistem paketlerinizle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemenize olanak tan\u0131r. Bu makalede RVM kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
RVM Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
RVM’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin:<\/p>\n
1. GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u00e7e Aktarma:<\/strong>
\n RVM’nin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktar\u0131n:<\/p>\nsudo gpg --keyserver hkp:\/\/keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB<\/code><\/pre>\n E\u011fer gpg<\/code> komutu bulunamazsa, sudo yum install gnupg2 -y<\/code> komutu ile kurun.<\/p>\n2. RVM Kurulum Beti\u011fini \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n RVM’yi kurmak i\u00e7in resmi kurulum beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n\\curl -sSL https:\/\/get.rvm.io | bash -s stable<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu komut, RVM’nin en kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc indirecek ve kuracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. RVM Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong>
\n Kurulumdan sonra, RVM’nin shell oturumunuza y\u00fcklenmesi gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in mevcut oturumu kapat\u0131p yeniden a\u00e7abilir veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsource \/etc\/profile.d\/rvm.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu komutu her yeni terminal oturumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine, kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in .bashrc<\/code> veya .bash_profile<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekleyebilirsiniz. Ancak bu makale i\u00e7in \u015fimdilik yeterlidir.<\/p>\nRuby Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Rails 4, Ruby 2.0 veya daha yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirir. Ruby 2.1.x serisi, Rails 4 ile iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede Ruby 2.1.10 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kuraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
1. Ruby’yi Kurma:<\/strong><\/p>\nrvm install ruby-2.1.10<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu i\u015flem biraz zaman alabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ruby kaynak koddan derlenecektir.<\/p>\n
2. Varsay\u0131lan Ruby S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, bu Ruby s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc varsay\u0131lan olarak ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\nrvm use ruby-2.1.10 --default<\/code><\/pre>\n3. Kurulumu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n Ruby ve gem’in do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kuruldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n:<\/p>\nruby -v\n gem -v<\/code><\/pre>\n \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da ruby 2.1.10p...<\/code> ve gem s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n4. Bundler Kurulumu:<\/strong>
\n Rails uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in Bundler’a ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var:<\/p>\ngem install bundler<\/code><\/pre>\nRails Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Ruby ve Bundler kurulduktan sonra, Rails \u00e7er\u00e7evesini kurabiliriz. Rails 4’\u00fcn en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kuraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
1. Rails’i Kurma:<\/strong><\/p>\ngem install rails -v 4.2.11<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu, Rails 4.2 serisinin son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm belirtmek, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
2. Kurulumu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n Rails’in do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kuruldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n:<\/p>\nrails -v<\/code><\/pre>\n \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Rails 4.2.11<\/code> veya kurdu\u011funuz s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\nVeritaban\u0131 Kurulumu (PostgreSQL)<\/h3>\n
Rails uygulamalar\u0131 genellikle bir veritaban\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL’i \u00f6rnek olarak kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. MySQL veya SQLite gibi ba\u015fka bir veritaban\u0131 da kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
1. PostgreSQL Paketlerini Kurma:<\/strong><\/p>\nsudo yum install postgresql-server postgresql-devel -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\npostgresql-server<\/code>: PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131 sunucusunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\npostgresql-devel<\/code>: Ruby pg<\/code> gem’inin derlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan geli\u015ftirme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015flatma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n PostgreSQL’i ilk kez kullanmadan \u00f6nce veritaban\u0131 k\u00fcmesini ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\nsudo service postgresql initdb<\/code><\/pre>\n Ard\u0131ndan, PostgreSQL hizmetini ba\u015flat\u0131n ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo service postgresql start\n sudo chkconfig postgresql on<\/code><\/pre>\n3. PostgreSQL Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n Rails uygulaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekecek. postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak oturum a\u00e7\u0131n ve gerekli komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\nsudo -u postgres psql<\/code><\/pre>\n psql<\/code> komut isteminde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 girin (kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fifreyi kendi tercihlerinize g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\nCREATE USER myapp_user WITH PASSWORD 'your_password';\n CREATE DATABASE myapp_production OWNER myapp_user;\n \\q<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu, myapp_user<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve myapp_production<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nRails Uygulamas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi bir Rails uygulamas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir ve temel kurulumunu yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n
1. Uygulama Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n \/var\/www<\/code> dizini genellikle web uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu dizini olu\u015fturun ve i\u00e7ine uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\nsudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\n cd \/var\/www\n rails new myapp -d postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n myapp<\/code> yerine kendi uygulama ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. -d postgresql<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, uygulaman\u0131n PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n2. Uygulama Dizinini Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya Atama:<\/strong>
\n Uygulama dizininin sahipli\u011fini kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za atay\u0131n, b\u00f6ylece dosyalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo chown -R $USER:$USER \/var\/www\/myapp<\/code><\/pre>\n $USER<\/code> yerine kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n3. Uygulama Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong>
\n Uygulama dizinine gidin ve bundle install<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak t\u00fcm gem ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\ncd \/var\/www\/myapp\n bundle install<\/code><\/pre>\n4. Veritaban\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n config\/database.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve \u00fcretim ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in veritaban\u0131 kimlik bilgilerini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\nnano config\/database.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n production<\/code> blo\u011funu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\nproduction:\n adapter: postgresql\n encoding: unicode\n database: myapp_production\n pool: 5\n username: myapp_user\n password: your_password\n host: localhost<\/code><\/pre>\n myapp_production<\/code>, myapp_user<\/code> ve your_password<\/code> de\u011ferlerini daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz de\u011ferlerle de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n5. Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve G\u00f6\u00e7 Etme:<\/strong>
\n Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve varsa g\u00f6\u00e7leri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\nRAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:create\n RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu komutlar, \u00fcretim ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in veritaban\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
6. Secret Key Base Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n Rails 4.1 ve \u00fczeri i\u00e7in secret_key_base<\/code> gereklidir. Bunu config\/secrets.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlay\u0131n veya otomatik olarak olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\nRAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake secret<\/code><\/pre>\n \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131daki anahtar\u0131 config\/secrets.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki production<\/code> blo\u011funa ekleyin:<\/p>\nproduction:\n secret_key_base: [\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131daki anahtar]<\/code><\/pre>\n7. Varl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00d6n Derlenmesi (Asset Precompilation):<\/strong>
\n \u00dcretim ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in Rails varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (CSS, JavaScript, resimler) \u00f6n derlemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\nRAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile<\/code><\/pre>\nApache Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Apache web sunucusunu kurup temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 yapal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
1. Apache Kurulumu:<\/strong><\/p>\nsudo yum install httpd -y<\/code><\/pre>\n2. Apache’yi Ba\u015flatma ve Otomatik Ba\u015flatmay\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\nsudo service httpd start\n sudo chkconfig httpd on<\/code><\/pre>\n3. G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n CentOS 6’da varsay\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (iptables) Apache’nin 80. porttan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesini engelleyebilir. HTTP trafi\u011fine izin vermek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables<\/code><\/pre>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na ekleyin:<\/p>\n-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan iptables hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service iptables restart<\/code><\/pre>\n Art\u0131k sunucunuzun IP adresine web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan eri\u015fti\u011finizde Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131lama sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Passenger Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Phusion Passenger, Rails uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 Apache \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en kolay ve en performansl\u0131 yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
1. Passenger Deposu Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n Phusion Passenger’\u0131n kendi yum<\/code> deposunu eklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\nsudo yum install epel-release -y\n sudo yum install passenger-release -y<\/code><\/pre>\n epel-release<\/code> paketi, baz\u0131 ek ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7in EPEL deposunu ekler.<\/p>\n2. Passenger ve Apache Mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc Kurma:<\/strong>
\n Depo eklendikten sonra Passenger’\u0131 kurabiliriz:<\/p>\nsudo yum install mod_passenger -y<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu komut, Passenger’\u0131 ve Apache i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcl\u00fc kuracakt\u0131r. Kurulum, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na gerekli LoadModule<\/code>, PassengerRoot<\/code> ve PassengerRuby<\/code> direktiflerini otomatik olarak ekleyecektir (\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/passenger.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131na bakabilirsiniz).<\/p>\n3. PassengerRuby Yolu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n Passenger’\u0131n do\u011fru Ruby s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in passenger.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/passenger.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n PassengerRuby<\/code> direktifinin RVM taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Ruby s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze i\u015faret etti\u011finden emin olun. Genellikle RVM ile kurulan Ruby yollar\u0131 \/usr\/local\/rvm\/gems\/ruby-2.1.10\/wrappers\/ruby<\/code> gibi olacakt\u0131r.
\n E\u011fer PassengerRuby<\/code> yolu yanl\u0131\u015fsa veya eksikse, manuel olarak d\u00fczeltin:<\/p>\nPassengerRoot \/usr\/share\/passenger\n PassengerRuby \/usr\/local\/rvm\/gems\/ruby-2.1.10\/wrappers\/ruby<\/code><\/pre>\n Not: Yukar\u0131daki yol, RVM’nin Ruby’yi kurdu\u011fu yere ve Ruby s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir. Kendi sisteminizdeki do\u011fru yolu bulmak i\u00e7in rvm which ruby<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\nApache Sanal Host (Virtual Host) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Uygulamam\u0131z i\u00e7in bir Apache sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Bu, Apache’ye Rails uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 nerede bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l sunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
1. Sanal Host Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/<\/code> dizininde uygulaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir .conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/myapp.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n2. Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi myapp.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve kendi uygulama ad\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n\n ServerName example.com\n # E\u011fer uygulaman\u0131za bir alan ad\u0131 atad\u0131ysan\u0131z, buraya yaz\u0131n.\n # Aksi takdirde, sunucunuzun IP adresini kullanabilirsiniz.\n # ServerAlias www.example.com\n\n DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/myapp\/public\n\n RailsEnv production\n\n \n Allow from all\n Options -MultiViews\n # Apache 2.4 i\u00e7in: Require all granted\n <\/Directory>\n\n ErrorLog \/var\/log\/httpd\/myapp_error.log\n CustomLog \/var\/log\/httpd\/myapp_access.log combined\n <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\nServerName<\/code>: Uygulaman\u0131za eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z alan ad\u0131n\u0131 veya IP adresini belirtin.<\/li>\nDocumentRoot<\/code>: Rails uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n public<\/code> dizinini i\u015faret etmelidir.<\/li>\nRailsEnv<\/code>: Uygulaman\u0131n hangi Rails ortam\u0131nda (production, development) \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. production<\/code> olarak ayarlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/code> blo\u011fu: Apache’ye public<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in izinler verir. CentOS 6’daki Apache 2.2 i\u00e7in Allow from all<\/code> ve Options -MultiViews<\/code> yeterlidir.<\/li>\nErrorLog<\/code> ve CustomLog<\/code>: Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n hata ve eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini tutar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nUygulama \u0130zinleri ve Ortam Ayarlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Apache’nin Rails uygulama dosyalar\u0131na eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru dosya izinlerini ayarlaman\u0131z \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca SELinux’u da dikkate almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
1. Dosya \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n Apache, apache<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n dosyalar\u0131na okuma\/yazma eri\u015fimi olmas\u0131 gerekir, \u00f6zellikle tmp<\/code>, log<\/code> ve public\/assets<\/code> dizinleri i\u00e7in.<\/p>\nsudo chown -R apache:apache \/var\/www\/myapp\n sudo chmod -R 775 \/var\/www\/myapp\/tmp\n sudo chmod -R 775 \/var\/www\/myapp\/log\n sudo chmod -R 775 \/var\/www\/myapp\/public\/assets # E\u011fer varl\u0131klar \u00f6n derlenmi\u015fse<\/code><\/pre>\n T\u00fcm uygulama dizininin sahipli\u011fini apache<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ve grubuna atamak en kolay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n2. SELinux Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\u00d6nemli!):<\/strong>
\n CentOS’ta SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) varsay\u0131lan olarak etkindir ve bazen Rails uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.
\n SELinux’u kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak iyi bir uygulama de\u011fildir, ancak ge\u00e7ici olarak test etmek i\u00e7in devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo setenforce 0<\/code><\/pre>\n Kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n SELINUX=enforcing<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 SELINUX=disabled<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin ve sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.
\n Alternatif ve Daha G\u00fcvenli Yakla\u015f\u0131m:<\/strong> SELinux’u devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak yerine, Apache’nin Rails uygulamas\u0131na eri\u015fmesine izin veren kurallar tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo yum install policycoreutils-python -y\n sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t \"\/var\/www\/myapp(\/.*)?\"\n sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t \"\/var\/www\/myapp\/tmp(\/.*)?\"\n sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t \"\/var\/www\/myapp\/log(\/.*)?\"\n sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t \"\/var\/www\/myapp\/public\/assets(\/.*)?\"\n sudo restorecon -Rv \/var\/www\/myapp<\/code><\/pre>\n Bu komutlar, Apache’ye uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n dosyalar\u0131na eri\u015fim ve belirli dizinlere yazma izni verirken SELinux’un di\u011fer korumalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu daha g\u00fcvenli bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Apache Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Apache hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service httpd restart<\/code><\/pre>\n