{"id":3966,"date":"2024-11-15T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T05:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/"},"modified":"2024-11-15T08:00:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T05:00:14","slug":"javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript&#8217;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript&#8217;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar<\/p>\n<p>JavaScript&#8217;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimi, kodunuzun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsam, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlar, kald\u0131rma ise de\u011fi\u015fken beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fini etkiler ve kapan\u0131mlar, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fimin nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu makale, JavaScript&#8217;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fiminin temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, kodunuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Kapsam (Scope)<\/h2>\n<p>Kapsam, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve eri\u015filebildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerdir. JavaScript&#8217;te iki ana kapsam t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: k\u00fcresel kapsam ve yerel kapsam.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00fcresel Kapsam<\/h3>\n<p>K\u00fcresel kapsam, kodunuzun herhangi bir yerinden eri\u015filebilen de\u011fi\u015fkenleri i\u00e7erir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler, herhangi bir fonksiyonun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve t\u00fcm kod dosyas\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<script>\n  var myGlobalVariable = \"Merhaba D\u00fcnya!\";\n<\/script><br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, `myGlobalVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkeni, `script` etiketi i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel kapsamdad\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenin de\u011feri, `script` etiketi i\u00e7indeki di\u011fer herhangi bir fonksiyon taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Yerel Kapsam<\/h3>\n<p>Yerel kapsam, fonksiyonlar i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenleri i\u00e7erir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler, tan\u0131mland\u0131klar\u0131 fonksiyonun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eri\u015filemez. Her fonksiyon kendi yerel kapsam\u0131na sahiptir. Bu, farkl\u0131 fonksiyonlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 isimli de\u011fi\u015fkenleri kullanabilmesini sa\u011flar, ancak bunlar farkl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenler olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<script>\n  function myFunction() {\n    var myLocalVariable = \"Merhaba Fonksiyon!\";\n    console.log(myLocalVariable);\n  }<\/p>\n<p>  myFunction(); \n  \/\/ console.log(myLocalVariable); \/\/ Hata: 'myLocalVariable' tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131.\n<\/script><br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, `myLocalVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkeni `myFunction` fonksiyonu i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yerel kapsamdad\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fken, `myFunction` fonksiyonunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eri\u015filemez.<\/p>\n<h2>Kald\u0131rma (Hoisting)<\/h2>\n<p>Kald\u0131rma, JavaScript&#8217;in fonksiyon ve de\u011fi\u015fken beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 kodun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir i\u015flemdir. Bunun nedeni, JavaScript&#8217;in kodunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce bir analiz a\u015famas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmesidir. Bu analiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda, beyanlar kodun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, ancak atama i\u015flemi orijinal konumunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<script>\n  console.log(myVariable); \/\/ undefined\n  var myVariable = \"Merhaba!\";\n<\/script><br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, `myVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkeni, `console.log` \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nce beyan edilmesine ra\u011fmen, beyan\u0131 kodun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bu nedenle, `myVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkeni `console.log` \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilir ve `undefined` \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 verir. Bunun nedeni, de\u011fi\u015fkenin beyan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ancak atama i\u015fleminin hala orijinal konumunda olmas\u0131d\u0131r. `var` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenler i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer `undefined`&#8217;dir.<\/p>\n<p>Kald\u0131rma, `var` anahtar s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenlere ve fonksiyonlara uygulan\u0131r. Ancak `let` ve `const` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenlere uygulanmaz. `let` ve `const` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, de\u011fi\u015fken beyan edilmeden \u00f6nce eri\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir hata al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. `let` ve `const` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenler, de\u011fi\u015fken beyan edilene kadar tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f kabul edilir. `let` ve `const` de\u011fi\u015fkenleri, de\u011fi\u015fken beyan edildi\u011fi sat\u0131rda eri\u015filebilirdir. `let` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenlere, `const` ile tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fi\u015fkenlere ise sadece okunabilir olarak eri\u015filebilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<script>\n  console.log(myLetVariable); \/\/ Hata: 'myLetVariable' tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131.\n  let myLetVariable = \"Merhaba!\";<\/p>\n<p>  console.log(myConstVariable); \/\/ Hata: 'myConstVariable' tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131.\n  const myConstVariable = \"Merhaba!\";\n<\/script><br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<h2>Kapan\u0131mlar (Closures)<\/h2>\n<p>Kapan\u0131mlar, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u0131\u015f kapsamdaki de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fim sa\u011flayan mekanizmalard\u0131r. Bir fonksiyon, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonun tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kapsam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenlerine eri\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<script>\n  function outerFunction() {\n    var outerVariable = \"D\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fken\";<\/p>\n<p>    function innerFunction() {\n      console.log(outerVariable); \/\/ \"D\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fken\"\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    return innerFunction;\n  }<\/p>\n<p>  var myInnerFunction = outerFunction();\n  myInnerFunction();\n<\/script><br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, `innerFunction` fonksiyonu `outerFunction` fonksiyonu i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. `innerFunction`, `outerFunction` i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanan `outerVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkenine eri\u015febilir. `outerFunction` fonksiyonu `innerFunction` fonksiyonunu d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, `innerFunction` fonksiyonu hala `outerVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkenine eri\u015febilir. `innerFunction` fonksiyonu, `outerFunction` fonksiyonunun kapsam\u0131na kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, `innerFunction` fonksiyonunun, `outerFunction` fonksiyonunun ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bitmesinden sonra bile `outerVariable` de\u011fi\u015fkenine eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Kapan\u0131mlar, JavaScript&#8217;te \u00f6zel fonksiyonlar olu\u015fturmak ve de\u011fi\u015fkenleri korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda mod\u00fcller, d\u00f6ng\u00fcler ve olay i\u015fleyicileri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>JavaScript&#8217;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimini anlamak, kodunuzu daha iyi anlaman\u0131z ve hata ay\u0131klaman\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsam, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlar, kald\u0131rma ise de\u011fi\u015fken beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fini etkiler ve kapan\u0131mlar, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fimin nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu kavramlar\u0131 anlayarak, JavaScript kodunuzu daha etkili bir \u015fekilde yazabilir ve hata ay\u0131klayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<p>* <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/JavaScript\/Reference\/Statements\/let\">let (JavaScript)<\/a><br \/>\n* <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/JavaScript\/Reference\/Statements\/const\">const (JavaScript)<\/a><br \/>\n* <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/JavaScript\/Closures\">Closures (JavaScript)<\/a><br \/>\n* <a href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\">Fatih Soysal<\/a><\/p>\n<p>#Etiketler:  JavaScript, Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma, Kapan\u0131mlar, De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi, Programlama, Web Geli\u015ftirme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"JavaScript&#8217;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar JavaScript&#8217;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimi, kodunuzun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsam,&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3966","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>JavaScript&#039;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JavaScript&#039;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimi, kodunuzun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsam, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlar, kald\u0131rma ise de\u011fi\u015fken beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fini etkiler ve kapan\u0131mlar, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fimin nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu makale, JavaScript&#039;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fiminin temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, kodunuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"JavaScript&#039;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"JavaScript&#039;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimi, kodunuzun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsam, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlar, kald\u0131rma ise de\u011fi\u015fken beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fini etkiler ve kapan\u0131mlar, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f fonksiyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fkenlere eri\u015fimin nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu makale, JavaScript&#039;te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fiminin temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, kodunuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-15T05:00:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"JavaScript&#8217;te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-15T05:00:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\"},\"wordCount\":843,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascriptte-degisken-erisimi-anlamak-kapsam-kaldirma-ve-kapanimlar\/\",\"name\":\"JavaScript'te De\u011fi\u015fken Eri\u015fimi Anlamak: Kapsam, Kald\u0131rma ve Kapan\u0131mlar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-15T05:00:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"JavaScript'te de\u011fi\u015fken eri\u015fimi, kodunuzun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. 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