{"id":39294,"date":"2026-02-18T12:26:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T09:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/web-sunucusu-izlemenin-onemi-neden-ihtiyac-duyariz\/"},"modified":"2026-02-18T12:26:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T09:26:44","slug":"web-sunucusu-izlemenin-onemi-neden-ihtiyac-duyariz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/web-sunucusu-izlemenin-onemi-neden-ihtiyac-duyariz\/","title":{"rendered":"Web Sunucusu \u0130zlemenin \u00d6nemi: Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyar\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"title\">Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter ile Ubuntu Web Sunucusu \u0130zleme Rehberi<\/p>\n<p>Web sunucunuzun kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak ister misiniz? Dijital varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kalbi olan web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimi ve i\u015f s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter kullanarak Ubuntu \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kapsaml\u0131 bir izleme ve uyar\u0131 sistemi kurmay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. Sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n her zaman g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak olas\u0131 kesintilere an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edebilme yetene\u011fi kazanacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Web Sunucusu \u0130zlemenin \u00d6nemi: Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyar\u0131z?<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, bir web sitesinin veya uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131, i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in ciddi gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131na, marka itibar\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesine ve m\u00fc\u015fteri memnuniyetsizli\u011fine yol a\u00e7abilir. Web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n 7\/24 kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, sadece bir beklenti de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda temel bir gerekliliktir. Peki, sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ne zaman yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir hatayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya tamamen eri\u015filemez hale geldi\u011fini nas\u0131l anlars\u0131n\u0131z? \u0130\u015fte bu noktada etkili bir izleme ve uyar\u0131 sistemi devreye girer. Geleneksel izleme y\u00f6ntemleri genellikle sunucunun i\u00e7 metriklerine (CPU, RAM, disk kullan\u0131m\u0131) odaklan\u0131rken, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ve hizmetin kendisinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek de en az bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Bir web sunucusunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilir olmamas\u0131, i\u00e7 metrikleri ne kadar iyi olursa olsun, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in o hizmetin &#8220;\u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor&#8221; oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Etkili bir izleme sistemi, potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir krize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00f6nce tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, web sunucunuzdaki bir hizmetin yan\u0131t s\u00fcresinin aniden artmas\u0131, bir performans sorununun habercisi olabilir. Ya da belirli bir HTTP durum kodunun (\u00f6rne\u011fin 5xx hatalar\u0131) beklenenden fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, uygulaman\u0131zda kritik bir hata oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu t\u00fcr durumlar\u0131 manuel olarak takip etmek neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, otomatikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ara\u00e7lara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter ikilisi, bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar. Blackbox Exporter, web sunucunuzun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederken, Alertmanager bu kontroller sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131 size an\u0131nda bildirir. Bu sayede, herhangi bir kesinti veya performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc durumunda proaktif bir \u015fekilde hareket edebilir, sorunlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca \u00e7\u00f6zerek hizmet kalitenizi koruyabilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, iyi bir izleme sistemi sadece sorunlar\u0131 bildirmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda gelecekteki sorunlar\u0131 tahmin etmenize ve altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 optimize etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak de\u011ferli veriler de sa\u011flar. Bu veriler, kapasite planlamas\u0131, performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespiti gibi alanlarda kritik rol oynar.<\/p>\n<p>Bir vaka analizi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim: B\u00fcy\u00fck bir e-ticaret sitesi, Kara Cuma indirimleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yo\u011fun trafik beklemektedir. Normalde sunucular\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 metriklerini (CPU, RAM) izliyorlard\u0131, ancak d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirlik konusunda bir k\u00f6r noktalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131 devreye alarak, sitelerinin ana sayfas\u0131n\u0131n her 30 saniyede bir HTTP 200 yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi\u011fini ve yan\u0131t s\u00fcresinin 500ms alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu kontrol etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yo\u011funluk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Blackbox Exporter aniden baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden sitenin yan\u0131t s\u00fcresinin 2 saniyenin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti ve Alertmanager \u00fczerinden ekibe kritik bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Ekip, i\u00e7 metriklerde hen\u00fcz bir sorun g\u00f6rmese de, bu d\u0131\u015f uyar\u0131 sayesinde hemen harekete ge\u00e7ti, CDN ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etti ve ek sunucu kaynaklar\u0131 tahsis ederek potansiyel bir kesintiyi veya yava\u015flamay\u0131 \u00f6nledi. Bu, sadece i\u00e7 metriklerin de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyiminin de izlenmesinin ne kadar kritik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren somut bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n<h2>Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter Nedir? Temel Kavramlara Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130zleme d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Prometheus ekosistemi, metrik toplama ve uyar\u0131 sistemleri i\u00e7in alt\u0131n standartlardan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ekosistemin \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenlerinden ikisi Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter&#8217;d\u0131r. Peki, bu ara\u00e7lar tam olarak ne i\u015fe yarar ve web sunucusu izleme senaryomuzda nas\u0131l bir rol oynarlar?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prometheus:<\/strong> \u0130zleme sistemimizin kalbi diyebiliriz. Prometheus, zaman serisi verilerini (metrikleri) toplar, depolar ve sorgular. Exporter&#8217;lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli sistemlerden metrikleri \u00e7eker (pull-based model). Prometheus, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 metrikler \u00fczerinde belirli kurallar (alerting rules) tan\u0131mlamam\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Bu kurallar tetiklendi\u011finde, uyar\u0131lar\u0131 Alertmanager&#8217;a g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Blackbox Exporter:<\/strong> Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, &#8220;kara kutu&#8221; izleme yapar. Yani, bir sistemin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na girmeden, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Web sunucusu izleme senaryomuzda Blackbox Exporter, belirli URL&#8217;lere HTTP istekleri g\u00f6ndererek (veya TCP\/ICMP ping gibi ba\u015fka protokollerle) sunucunun yan\u0131t verip vermedi\u011fini, yan\u0131t s\u00fcresini, HTTP durum kodunu ve hatta yan\u0131t i\u00e7eri\u011fini kontrol eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, web sitenizin ana sayfas\u0131n\u0131n her zaman HTTP 200 (OK) yan\u0131t\u0131 vermesi ve belirli bir anahtar kelimeyi i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fini do\u011frulayabilirsiniz. E\u011fer bu ko\u015fullardan biri sa\u011flanmazsa, Blackbox Exporter bir metrik olu\u015fturur ve Prometheus bu metri\u011fi toplayarak olas\u0131 bir sorunu tespit edebilir. Bu sayede, sunucunuzun sadece ayakta olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda beklenen hizmeti verip vermedi\u011fini de anlam\u0131\u015f olursunuz. Bu, \u00f6zellikle web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n veya API&#8217;lerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alertmanager:<\/strong> Prometheus&#8217;tan gelen uyar\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131r, bunlar\u0131 grupland\u0131r\u0131r, susturur (silence), tekrar etmeyen bildirimler g\u00f6nderir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bildirim kanallar\u0131na (e-posta, Slack, PagerDuty, SMS vb.) y\u00f6nlendirir. Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n temel amac\u0131, sizi &#8220;uyar\u0131 yorgunlu\u011fundan&#8221; kurtarmakt\u0131r. Birden fazla sunucunuz ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Alertmanager bu uyar\u0131lar\u0131 tek bir bildirim alt\u0131nda gruplayarak size tek bir mesaj g\u00f6nderir, b\u00f6ylece inbox&#8217;\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n veya Slack kanal\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ayn\u0131 uyar\u0131larla dolup ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Ayr\u0131ca, belirli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131nda uyar\u0131lar\u0131 susturma (\u00f6rne\u011fin, planl\u0131 bak\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda) veya belirli uyar\u0131lar\u0131 belirli ekiplere y\u00f6nlendirme gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zelliklere de sahiptir. Bu, izleme sisteminizin sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00f6netilebilir ve etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 bile\u015fen bir araya geldi\u011finde, web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, esnek ve g\u00fcvenilir bir izleme ve uyar\u0131 altyap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f olursunuz. Prometheus metrikleri toplar, Blackbox Exporter bu metrikleri web sunucunuzun d\u0131\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sa\u011flar ve Alertmanager da bu metrikler kritik e\u015fikleri a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sizi bilgilendirir. Bu sayede, herhangi bir sorun olu\u015ftu\u011funda h\u0131zl\u0131ca haberdar olup duruma m\u00fcdahale edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<div class=\"expert-tip\">\n  Uzman \u0130pucu: Blackbox Exporter sadece HTTP\/S kontrol\u00fc yapmaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda TCP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, ICMP ping&#8217;lerini ve DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilir. Bu, veritaban\u0131 sunucular\u0131, mail sunucular\u0131 veya \u00f6zel servisler gibi farkl\u0131 hizmet t\u00fcrlerini izlemek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130zleme stratejinizi \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek i\u00e7in bu \u00f6zelliklerden yararlan\u0131n.\n<\/div>\n<h2>Prometheus, Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter Kurulumu: Ubuntu \u00dczerinde Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m<\/h2>\n<p>\u015eimdi s\u0131ra geldi bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Ubuntu sunucumuza kurmaya. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, t\u00fcm bile\u015fenleri s\u0131f\u0131rdan kuracak ve temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip ederek sorunsuz bir kurulum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Prometheus Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Prometheus Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla Prometheus&#8217;u ayr\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.\n<pre><code>\nsudo useradd --no-create-home --shell \/bin\/false prometheus\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prometheus \u0130ndirme:<\/strong> En son stabil s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Prometheus web sitesinden indirin. S\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel olanla de\u011fi\u015ftirin.\n<pre><code>\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/prometheus\/releases\/download\/v2.47.0\/prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dosyalar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong> \u0130ndirdi\u011finiz ar\u015fivi a\u00e7\u0131n ve gerekli dosyalar\u0131 uygun dizinlere ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n.\n<pre><code>\ntar xvf prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\nsudo mv prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64\nsudo ln -s \/opt\/prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/prometheus\nsudo mkdir \/etc\/prometheus\nsudo mv \/opt\/prometheus\/prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/\nsudo mv \/opt\/prometheus\/promtool \/usr\/local\/bin\/\nsudo mv \/opt\/prometheus\/consoles \/etc\/prometheus\nsudo mv \/opt\/prometheus\/console_libraries \/etc\/prometheus\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Depolama Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Prometheus&#8217;un metrikleri depolayaca\u011f\u0131 dizini olu\u015fturun ve izinleri ayarlay\u0131n.\n<pre><code>\nsudo mkdir \/var\/lib\/prometheus\nsudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/var\/lib\/prometheus\nsudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/etc\/prometheus\nsudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/prometheus\nsudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/promtool\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prometheus Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Basit bir <code>prometheus.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nglobal:\n  scrape_interval: 15s\n  evaluation_interval: 15s\n\nalerting:\n  alertmanagers:\n  - static_configs:\n    - targets:\n      - localhost:9093 # Alertmanager'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 adres\n\nrule_files:\n  - \"\/etc\/prometheus\/alert.rules.yml\" # Uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 dosyam\u0131z\n\nscrape_configs:\n  - job_name: \"prometheus\"\n    static_configs:\n      - targets: [\"localhost:9090\"]\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Bu dosyay\u0131 kaydedin (Ctrl+O, Enter, Ctrl+X).\n    <\/li>\n<li><strong>Systemd Servisi Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Prometheus&#8217;un bir servis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayal\u0131m.\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/prometheus.service\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n[Unit]\nDescription=Prometheus\nWants=network-online.target\nAfter=network-online.target\n\n[Service]\nUser=prometheus\nGroup=prometheus\nType=simple\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/prometheus \\\n    --config.file \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml \\\n    --storage.tsdb.path \/var\/lib\/prometheus\/ \\\n    --web.console.templates=\/etc\/prometheus\/consoles \\\n    --web.console.libraries=\/etc\/prometheus\/console_libraries \\\n    --web.listen-address=:9090\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.\n    <\/li>\n<li><strong>Prometheus&#8217;u Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong> Servisi yeniden y\u00fckleyin, ba\u015flat\u0131n ve otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin.\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl start prometheus\nsudo systemctl enable prometheus\nsudo systemctl status prometheus\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Durumun &#8220;active (running)&#8221; oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Art\u0131k Prometheus&#8217;a <code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9090<\/code> adresinden eri\u015febilirsiniz.\n    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Blackbox Exporter Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Blackbox Exporter Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Prometheus&#8217;ta oldu\u011fu gibi ayr\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.\n<pre><code>\nsudo useradd --no-create-home --shell \/bin\/false blackbox_exporter\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blackbox Exporter \u0130ndirme:<\/strong> En son stabil s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc indirin.\n<pre><code>\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/blackbox_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.24.0\/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dosyalar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\ntar xvf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\nsudo mv blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64\nsudo ln -s \/opt\/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/blackbox_exporter\nsudo mv \/opt\/blackbox_exporter\/blackbox_exporter \/usr\/local\/bin\/\nsudo chown blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter \/usr\/local\/bin\/blackbox_exporter\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blackbox Exporter Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Mod\u00fclleri tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z <code>blackbox.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.\n<pre><code>\nsudo mkdir \/etc\/blackbox_exporter\nsudo nano \/etc\/blackbox_exporter\/blackbox.yml\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nmodules:\n  http_2xx:\n    prober: http\n    timeout: 5s\n    http:\n      valid_http_versions: [\"HTTP\/1.1\", \"HTTP\/2.0\"]\n      valid_status_codes: [200]\n      no_follow_redirects: false\n      preferred_ip_protocol: \"ipv4\"\n\n  http_post_2xx:\n    prober: http\n    timeout: 5s\n    http:\n      method: POST\n      valid_http_versions: [\"HTTP\/1.1\", \"HTTP\/2.0\"]\n      valid_status_codes: [200]\n      no_follow_redirects: false\n      preferred_ip_protocol: \"ipv4\"\n\n  tcp_connect:\n    prober: tcp\n    timeout: 5s\n    tcp:\n      preferred_ip_protocol: \"ipv4\"\n\n  icmp:\n    prober: icmp\n    timeout: 5s\n    icmp:\n      preferred_ip_protocol: \"ipv4\"\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo chown blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter \/etc\/blackbox_exporter\/blackbox.yml\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Systemd Servisi Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/blackbox_exporter.service\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n[Unit]\nDescription=Blackbox Exporter\nWants=network-online.target\nAfter=network-online.target\n\n[Service]\nUser=blackbox_exporter\nGroup=blackbox_exporter\nType=simple\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/blackbox_exporter \\\n    --config.file=\/etc\/blackbox_exporter\/blackbox.yml \\\n    --web.listen-address=:9115\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.\n    <\/li>\n<li><strong>Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131 Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl start blackbox_exporter\nsudo systemctl enable blackbox_exporter\nsudo systemctl status blackbox_exporter\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Durumun &#8220;active (running)&#8221; oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Art\u0131k Blackbox Exporter&#8217;a <code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9115<\/code> adresinden eri\u015febilirsiniz. Ancak do\u011frudan aray\u00fcz\u00fc yoktur, metrikleri Prometheus \u00e7ekecektir.\n    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Alertmanager Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\nsudo useradd --no-create-home --shell \/bin\/false alertmanager\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager \u0130ndirme:<\/strong> En son stabil s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc indirin.\n<pre><code>\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/alertmanager\/releases\/download\/v0.26.0\/alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dosyalar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\ntar xvf alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\nsudo mv alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64\nsudo ln -s \/opt\/alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64 \/opt\/alertmanager\nsudo mv \/opt\/alertmanager\/alertmanager \/usr\/local\/bin\/\nsudo mv \/opt\/alertmanager\/amtool \/usr\/local\/bin\/\nsudo chown alertmanager:alertmanager \/usr\/local\/bin\/alertmanager\nsudo chown alertmanager:alertmanager \/usr\/local\/bin\/amtool\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Depolama Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n verileri depolayaca\u011f\u0131 dizini olu\u015fturun.\n<pre><code>\nsudo mkdir \/etc\/alertmanager\nsudo mkdir \/var\/lib\/alertmanager\nsudo chown alertmanager:alertmanager \/etc\/alertmanager\nsudo chown alertmanager:alertmanager \/var\/lib\/alertmanager\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Basit bir <code>alertmanager.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/alertmanager\/alertmanager.yml\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n (hen\u00fcz bildirim kanallar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131z, sadece temel bir yap\u0131):<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nglobal:\n  resolve_timeout: 5m\n\nroute:\n  group_by: ['alertname', 'instance']\n  group_wait: 30s\n  group_interval: 5m\n  repeat_interval: 1h\n  receiver: 'default-receiver'\n\nreceivers:\n- name: 'default-receiver'\n  # Bu k\u0131sma Slack, email veya di\u011fer bildirim entegrasyonlar\u0131 eklenecek\n  # \u00d6rne\u011fin:\n  # email_configs:\n  # - to: 'admin@example.com'\n  #   send_resolved: true\n  # slack_configs:\n  # - channel: '#alerts'\n  #   send_resolved: true\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo chown alertmanager:alertmanager \/etc\/alertmanager\/alertmanager.yml\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Systemd Servisi Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/alertmanager.service\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n[Unit]\nDescription=Alertmanager\nWants=network-online.target\nAfter=network-online.target\n\n[Service]\nUser=alertmanager\nGroup=alertmanager\nType=simple\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/alertmanager \\\n    --config.file=\/etc\/alertmanager\/alertmanager.yml \\\n    --storage.path=\/var\/lib\/alertmanager \\\n    --web.listen-address=:9093\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.\n    <\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131 Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl start alertmanager\nsudo systemctl enable alertmanager\nsudo systemctl status alertmanager\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Durumun &#8220;active (running)&#8221; oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Art\u0131k Alertmanager&#8217;a <code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9093<\/code> adresinden eri\u015febilirsiniz.\n    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tebrikler! Prometheus, Blackbox Exporter ve Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131 temel d\u00fczeyde kurmu\u015f oldunuz. Bir sonraki ad\u0131mda, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131 web sunucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 izleyecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z ve Prometheus&#8217;un bu verileri \u00e7ekmesini sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Prometheus&#8217;u Blackbox Exporter ile Entegre Etme: Hedefleri Belirleme<\/h2>\n<p>Prometheus, varsay\u0131lan olarak kendi metriklerini toplar. Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131 kullanarak web sunucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 izleyebilmek i\u00e7in Prometheus&#8217;a, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;dan metrikleri nas\u0131l ve hangi hedefler i\u00e7in \u00e7ekece\u011fini belirtmemiz gerekir. Bu, Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131na (<code>\/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code>) yeni bir <code>scrape_config<\/code> blo\u011fu ekleyerek yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyam\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenleyelim:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>scrape_configs<\/code> blo\u011funun alt\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yeni i\u015fi ekleyin. Burada &#8220;example-website.com&#8221; yerine kendi web sunucunuzun adresini yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Birden fazla web sunucusu veya URL izlemek istiyorsan\u0131z, <code>targets<\/code> listesine yeni girdiler ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n  - job_name: 'blackbox'\n    metrics_path: \/probe\n    params:\n      module: [http_2xx]  # blackbox.yml dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mod\u00fcl\n    static_configs:\n      - targets:\n        - http:\/\/example-website.com  # \u0130zlenecek web sunucusu URL'si\n        - http:\/\/another-website.com # Ba\u015fka bir web sunucusu\n        # - https:\/\/api.example.com # HTTPS ve API endpoint'i\n    relabel_configs:\n      - source_labels: [__address__]\n        target_label: __param_target\n      - source_labels: [__param_target]\n        target_label: instance\n      - target_label: __address__\n        replacement: localhost:9115  # Blackbox Exporter'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 adres\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyelim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>job_name: 'blackbox'<\/code>: Prometheus aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde bu izleme i\u015fini tan\u0131mlayan isimdir.<\/li>\n<li><code>metrics_path: \/probe<\/code>: Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n metrikleri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 endpoint&#8217;tir. T\u00fcm sorgular bu yola yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>params: module: [http_2xx]<\/code>: Blackbox Exporter&#8217;a hangi mod\u00fcl\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiriz. Burada <code>http_2xx<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak HTTP 200 durum kodu kontrol\u00fc yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. Daha \u00f6nce tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z <code>tcp_connect<\/code> veya <code>icmp<\/code> gibi di\u011fer mod\u00fclleri de burada kullanabiliriz.<\/li>\n<li><code>static_configs: targets:<\/code>: \u0130zlemek istedi\u011fimiz web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n veya URL&#8217;lerin listesidir. Prometheus, bu hedefleri Blackbox Exporter&#8217;a parametre olarak g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/li>\n<li><code>relabel_configs:<\/code>: Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Prometheus&#8217;un hedefleri nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini ve etiketleyece\u011fini belirler.\n<ul>\n<li><code>source_labels: [__address__], target_label: __param_target<\/code>: Prometheus, <code>targets<\/code> listesindeki URL&#8217;yi (\u00f6rne\u011fin <code>http:\/\/example-website.com<\/code>) al\u0131p bunu Blackbox Exporter&#8217;a <code>target<\/code> parametresi olarak iletecektir.<\/li>\n<li><code>source_labels: [__param_target], target_label: instance<\/code>: Blackbox Exporter&#8217;a g\u00f6nderilen <code>target<\/code> parametresini Prometheus metriklerinde <code>instance<\/code> etiketi olarak kullan\u0131r\u0131z. Bu, hangi URL&#8217;nin izlendi\u011fini anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>target_label: __address__, replacement: localhost:9115<\/code>: Bu, Prometheus&#8217;a metrikleri do\u011frudan <code>http:\/\/example-website.com<\/code> adresinden de\u011fil, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 <code>localhost:9115<\/code> adresinden \u00e7ekmesini s\u00f6yler. Blackbox Exporter, <code>example-website.com<\/code> adresini kendi i\u00e7inde sorgular ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Prometheus&#8217;a iletir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, Prometheus servisini yeniden ba\u015flatmal\u0131y\u0131z ki yeni yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcklesin:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl restart prometheus\nsudo systemctl status prometheus\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Prometheus aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (<code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9090<\/code>) gidin ve &#8220;Status&#8221; -> &#8220;Targets&#8221; b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n. Burada &#8220;blackbox&#8221; i\u015fi alt\u0131nda izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, durumlar\u0131 &#8220;UP&#8221; olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir. E\u011fer &#8220;DOWN&#8221; ise, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 veya Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu entegrasyon ile Prometheus art\u0131k Blackbox Exporter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplanan metrikler aras\u0131nda <code>probe_success<\/code> (ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sorgu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 0 veya 1), <code>probe_duration_seconds<\/code> (sorgu s\u00fcresi) ve <code>probe_http_status_code<\/code> (HTTP yan\u0131t kodu) gibi \u00f6nemli metrikler bulunur. Bu metrikleri kullanarak web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgilere sahip olabilir ve Alertmanager arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uyar\u0131lar tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<div class=\"expert-tip\">\n  Uzman \u0130pucu: Prometheus&#8217;un yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledikten sonra, servisi yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce <code>promtool check config \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code> komutunu kullanarak yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zdizimini kontrol edebilirsiniz. Bu, olas\u0131 hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nceden tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar ve servis kesintilerini minimize eder.\n<\/div>\n<h2>Alertmanager Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: Uyar\u0131 Kurallar\u0131 ve Bildirim Kanallar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Prometheus ve Blackbox Exporter entegrasyonunu tamamlad\u0131k. \u015eimdi s\u0131ra, kritik durumlarda bizi bilgilendirecek uyar\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya geldi. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Prometheus&#8217;ta uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve Alertmanager&#8217;da bu uyar\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131p i\u015fleyecek bildirim kanallar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin Slack veya e-posta) ayarlamay\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n<h3>Prometheus Uyar\u0131 Kurallar\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus, Alertmanager&#8217;a uyar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce, metrikler \u00fczerinde belirli ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden kurallara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu kurallar\u0131 <code>\/etc\/prometheus\/alert.rules.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131z (Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131zda bu dosyay\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftik).<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/prometheus\/alert.rules.yml\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin. Bu kurallar, web sunucunuzun kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 veya yava\u015flamas\u0131 durumunda sizi uyaracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\ngroups:\n- name: web_server_alerts\n  rules:\n  - alert: WebSunucusuKapal\u0131\n    expr: probe_success{job=\"blackbox\", module=\"http_2xx\"} == 0\n    for: 1m\n    labels:\n      severity: critical\n    annotations:\n      summary: \"Web sunucusu {{ $labels.instance }} eri\u015filemiyor!\"\n      description: \"{{ $labels.instance }} adresine yap\u0131lan HTTP kontrol\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Sunucu kapal\u0131 veya yan\u0131t vermiyor.\"\n\n  - alert: WebSunucusuYava\u015f\n    expr: probe_duration_seconds{job=\"blackbox\", module=\"http_2xx\"} > 0.5\n    for: 2m\n    labels:\n      severity: warning\n    annotations:\n      summary: \"Web sunucusu {{ $labels.instance }} yan\u0131t s\u00fcresi y\u00fcksek!\"\n      description: \"{{ $labels.instance }} adresine yap\u0131lan HTTP iste\u011fi 2 dakikadan uzun s\u00fcredir 500ms \u00fczerinde yan\u0131t veriyor. Performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olabilir.\"\n\n  - alert: WebSunucusuHataKodu\n    expr: probe_http_status_code{job=\"blackbox\", module=\"http_2xx\"} >= 500\n    for: 1m\n    labels:\n      severity: critical\n    annotations:\n      summary: \"Web sunucusu {{ $labels.instance }} 5xx hata kodu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyor!\"\n      description: \"{{ $labels.instance }} adresine yap\u0131lan HTTP iste\u011fi, 1 dakikadan uzun s\u00fcredir 5xx (sunucu hatas\u0131) kodu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Uygulama taraf\u0131nda sorun olabilir.\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu kurallar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>WebSunucusuKapal\u0131<\/code>: E\u011fer <code>http_2xx<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile yap\u0131lan sorgu 1 dakika boyunca ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olursa (<code>probe_success == 0<\/code>), kritik bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<li><code>WebSunucusuYava\u015f<\/code>: E\u011fer <code>http_2xx<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile yap\u0131lan sorgunun s\u00fcresi 2 dakika boyunca 0.5 saniyenin \u00fczerinde kal\u0131rsa (<code>probe_duration_seconds > 0.5<\/code>), bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Bu e\u015fik de\u011ferini kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ayarlayabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>WebSunucusuHataKodu<\/code>: E\u011fer <code>http_2xx<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile yap\u0131lan sorgu 1 dakika boyunca 500 veya \u00fczeri bir HTTP durum kodu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrse, kritik bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Bu genellikle sunucu taraf\u0131nda bir uygulama hatas\u0131na i\u015faret eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve Prometheus&#8217;un yeni kurallar\u0131 y\u00fcklemesi i\u00e7in servisi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl restart prometheus\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Prometheus aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde &#8220;Alerts&#8221; b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne giderek kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcklendi\u011fini kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Alertmanager Bildirim Kanallar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n<p>Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n sizi bilgilendirebilmesi i\u00e7in bildirim kanallar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekiyor. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan iki kanal e-posta ve Slack&#8217;tir. Burada her ikisi i\u00e7in de \u00f6rnek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fim. Kendi <code>alertmanager.yml<\/code> dosyan\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenleyelim:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo nano \/etc\/alertmanager\/alertmanager.yml\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>receivers<\/code> blo\u011funu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00fcncelleyin. Kendi e-posta adresinizi ve Slack webhook URL&#8217;nizi girmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nglobal:\n  resolve_timeout: 5m\n  # E-posta i\u00e7in SMTP ayarlar\u0131 (e\u011fer kullanacaksan\u0131z)\n  # smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.example.org:587'\n  # smtp_from: 'alertmanager@example.org'\n  # smtp_auth_username: 'alertmanager'\n  # smtp_auth_password: 'your_smtp_password'\n  # smtp_require_tls: true\n\nroute:\n  group_by: ['alertname', 'instance']\n  group_wait: 30s\n  group_interval: 5m\n  repeat_interval: 1h\n  receiver: 'default-receiver' # T\u00fcm uyar\u0131lar bu al\u0131c\u0131ya gidecek\n\nreceivers:\n- name: 'default-receiver'\n  email_configs:\n  - to: 'your-email@example.com' # Kendi e-posta adresinizi buraya yaz\u0131n\n    send_resolved: true # Uyar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de bildirim g\u00f6nder\n    html: true # HTML format\u0131nda e-posta g\u00f6nder\n\n  slack_configs:\n  - channel: '#alerts' # Slack kanal\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131\n    api_url: 'https:\/\/hooks.slack.com\/services\/T00000000\/B00000000\/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' # Kendi Slack webhook URL'nizi buraya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\n    send_resolved: true\n    title: '{{ .CommonLabels.alertname }} for {{ .CommonLabels.instance }}'\n    text: 'Durum: {{ .Status }} - \u015eiddet: {{ .CommonLabels.severity }}\\n\u00d6zet: {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}\\nA\u00e7\u0131klama: {{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}'\n    color: '{{ if eq .Status \"firing\" }}danger{{ else }}good{{ end }}'\n\n# E\u011fer farkl\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lara g\u00f6ndermek isterseniz, route blo\u011funa alt rotalar ekleyebilirsiniz.\n# \u00d6rne\u011fin, kritik uyar\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir Slack kanal\u0131na g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in:\n# routes:\n#   - match:\n#       severity: 'critical'\n#     receiver: 'critical-slack'\n#     continue: true # Di\u011fer rotalar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmeye devam et\n#   - receiver: 'default-receiver' # Di\u011fer t\u00fcm uyar\u0131lar buraya\n#\n# receivers:\n# - name: 'critical-slack'\n#   slack_configs:\n#   - channel: '#critical-alerts'\n#     api_url: '...'\n#     ...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>E-posta Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Not:<\/strong> E\u011fer e-posta kullanacaksan\u0131z, <code>global<\/code> blo\u011fundaki <code>smtp_smarthost<\/code>, <code>smtp_from<\/code> vb. ayarlar\u0131 kendi SMTP sunucunuzun bilgilerine g\u00f6re doldurman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Bu ayarlar, Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n e-posta g\u00f6nderebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunludur. Gmail gibi hizmetler i\u00e7in uygulama \u015fifresi olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slack Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Not:<\/strong> Slack webhook URL&#8217;sini almak i\u00e7in Slack \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131zda &#8220;Apps&#8221; b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne gidip &#8220;Incoming WebHooks&#8221; uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 eklemeniz ve bir kanal se\u00e7meniz gerekir. Size verilen URL&#8217;yi <code>api_url<\/code> alan\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, Alertmanager servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl restart alertmanager\nsudo systemctl status alertmanager\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Art\u0131k Prometheus&#8217;taki kurallar tetiklendi\u011finde, Alertmanager bu uyar\u0131lar\u0131 alacak ve belirledi\u011finiz kanallar \u00fczerinden size bildirim g\u00f6nderecektir. Alertmanager aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (<code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9093<\/code>) giderek aktif uyar\u0131lar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ve susturma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<div class=\"expert-tip\">\n  Uzman \u0130pucu: Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in <code>amtool check-config \/etc\/alertmanager\/alertmanager.yml<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, <code>amtool alert send --alertname=TestAlert --label=\"instance=test.example.com\"<\/code> gibi komutlarla manuel olarak test uyar\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek bildirim kanallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz.\n<\/div>\n<h2>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryosu: Bir Web Sunucusu Kesintisini Nas\u0131l Yakalar\u0131z?<\/h2>\n<p>\u015eimdiye kadar Prometheus, Blackbox Exporter ve Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131 kurduk ve yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131k. \u015eimdi, bu sistemin ger\u00e7ek bir senaryoda nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6relim. Diyelim ki <code>http:\/\/example-website.com<\/code> adresindeki web sunucunuzu izliyorsunuz ve bu sunucunun aniden \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. \u0130\u015fte ad\u0131m ad\u0131m neler olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sistemi nas\u0131l test edece\u011finizi anlatan bir senaryo:<\/p>\n<h3>Senaryo: Web Sunucusu \u00c7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kal\u0131yor<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Blackbox Exporter Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Blackbox Exporter, <code>http_2xx<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak <code>http:\/\/example-website.com<\/code> adresine d\u00fczenli olarak HTTP istekleri g\u00f6ndermeye devam edecektir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sorgu Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Web sunucusu \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n HTTP iste\u011fi zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frayacak veya bir ba\u011flant\u0131 hatas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu durumda, <code>probe_success<\/code> metri\u011fi <code>1<\/code> (ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131) yerine <code>0<\/code> (ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z) de\u011ferini alacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, <code>probe_duration_seconds<\/code> metri\u011fi de artacak ve HTTP durum kodu (e\u011fer bir yan\u0131t al\u0131nabilirse) 500 veya ba\u015fka bir hata kodu olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prometheus Metrik Toplama:<\/strong> Prometheus, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;dan metrikleri her 15 saniyede bir \u00e7eker. Yeni metrik de\u011ferleri (<code>probe_success=0<\/code>) Prometheus&#8217;un zaman serisi veritaban\u0131na kaydedilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prometheus Uyar\u0131 Kural\u0131 Tetiklenmesi:<\/strong> Prometheus, <code>\/etc\/prometheus\/alert.rules.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki <code>WebSunucusuKapal\u0131<\/code> kural\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak de\u011ferlendirir. Kural\u0131m\u0131z <code>probe_success{job=\"blackbox\", module=\"http_2xx\"} == 0<\/code> ifadesinin 1 dakika boyunca do\u011fru kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bekler. Web sunucusu \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu ko\u015ful 1 dakika sonra tetiklenir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager&#8217;a Uyar\u0131 G\u00f6nderme:<\/strong> <code>WebSunucusuKapal\u0131<\/code> kural\u0131 tetiklendi\u011finde, Prometheus bu uyar\u0131y\u0131 Alertmanager&#8217;a g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager \u0130\u015flemi:<\/strong> Alertmanager uyar\u0131y\u0131 al\u0131r. Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu uyar\u0131y\u0131 di\u011fer benzer uyar\u0131larla grupland\u0131r\u0131r (e\u011fer varsa), susturma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder ve ard\u0131ndan <code>default-receiver<\/code>&#8216;a y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bildirim G\u00f6nderme:<\/strong> <code>default-receiver<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131nda belirtilen e-posta ve\/veya Slack kanallar\u0131na uyar\u0131 bildirimleri g\u00f6nderilir.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Slack&#8217;te:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">#alerts<\/code> kanal\u0131na, web sunucusunun \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten, &#8220;critical&#8221; \u015fiddetinde bir mesaj d\u00fc\u015fer. Mesajda hangi sunucunun (<code>instance<\/code> etiketi sayesinde) etkilendi\u011fi ve sorunun \u00f6zeti\/a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>E-posta ile:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan e-posta adresine benzer i\u00e7erikte bir e-posta g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00fcdahale ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Ekip, bildirimi al\u0131r almaz duruma m\u00fcdahale eder. Sunucuyu kontrol eder, sorunu tespit eder ve d\u00fczeltir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Nginx servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131r, sunucuyu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131r vb.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uyar\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Bildirimi:<\/strong> Web sunucusu tekrar \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oldu\u011funda, Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n sorgular\u0131 tekrar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olur (<code>probe_success=1<\/code>). Prometheus bunu alg\u0131lar ve <code>WebSunucusuKapal\u0131<\/code> uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k tetiklenmedi\u011fini Alertmanager&#8217;a bildirir. Alertmanager, &#8220;resolved&#8221; (\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc) durumunda bir bildirim g\u00f6ndererek ekibe sorunun giderildi\u011fini haber verir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Sistemi Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>Bu senaryoyu kendi sisteminizde test etmek olduk\u00e7a basittir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0130zledi\u011finiz web sunucusunun (\u00f6rne\u011fin Nginx veya Apache) servisini ge\u00e7ici olarak durdurun:\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl stop nginx # veya sudo systemctl stop apache2\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Birka\u00e7 dakika bekleyin. Prometheus&#8217;un uyar\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemesi ve Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n bildirim g\u00f6ndermesi i\u00e7in <code>for: 1m<\/code> s\u00fcresi ve <code>scrape_interval<\/code> de\u011ferleri kadar zaman ge\u00e7mesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>E-posta gelen kutunuzu ve\/veya Slack kanal\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin. Bir &#8220;WebSunucusuKapal\u0131&#8221; uyar\u0131s\u0131 almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Alertmanager aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc (<code>http:\/\/<sunucu_ip>:9093<\/code>) ziyaret edin. &#8220;Active Alerts&#8221; b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde uyar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/li>\n<li>Web sunucusu servisini tekrar ba\u015flat\u0131n:\n<pre><code>\nsudo systemctl start nginx # veya sudo systemctl start apache2\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Birka\u00e7 dakika sonra, Alertmanager&#8217;dan uyar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair bir bildirim almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Alertmanager aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde de uyar\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;Resolved&#8221; durumuna ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu test, sisteminizin bekledi\u011finiz gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir entegrasyon, web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak denetleyerek, olas\u0131 sorunlara an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale etme yetene\u011fi kazanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar ve hizmet kesintilerini minimuma indirir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130leri D\u00fczey \u0130zleme Teknikleri: Daha Derin Kontroller ve Otomasyon<\/h2>\n<p>Temel kurulumu ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, izleme sisteminizi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere ge\u00e7ebiliriz. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar\u0131 ele alacak, otomasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verecek ve izleme stratejinizi nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirebilece\u011finizi tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h3>Dinamik Hedef Ke\u015ffi (Service Discovery)<\/h3>\n<p>Manuel olarak <code>prometheus.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131na her yeni web sunucusunu eklemek, b\u00fcy\u00fck altyap\u0131larda veya dinamik ortamlarda (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bulut tabanl\u0131 sanal makineler veya konteynerler) s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelebilir. Prometheus, \u00e7e\u015fitli &#8220;service discovery&#8221; mekanizmalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hedefleri otomatik olarak ke\u015ffedebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>File-based Service Discovery:<\/strong> Belirli bir dizindeki dosyalardan hedefleri okur. Bu dosyalar\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma y\u00f6netim arac\u0131 (Ansible, Chef, Puppet) ile g\u00fcncelleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cloud Provider Entegrasyonlar\u0131:<\/strong> AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine, Azure, Kubernetes gibi bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan VM&#8217;leri veya servisleri otomatik olarak ke\u015ffeder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consul\/DNS-SD:<\/strong> Servis kay\u0131t sistemlerinden hedefleri \u00e7ekebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rnek olarak, dosya tabanl\u0131 servis ke\u015ffi i\u00e7in Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na (<code>\/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code>) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir blok ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n  - job_name: 'blackbox-dynamic'\n    metrics_path: \/probe\n    params:\n      module: [http_2xx]\n    relabel_configs:\n      - source_labels: [__address__]\n        target_label: __param_target\n      - source_labels: [__param_target]\n        target_label: instance\n      - target_label: __address__\n        replacement: localhost:9115 # Blackbox Exporter'\u0131n adresi\n    file_sd_configs:\n      - names:\n        - \/etc\/prometheus\/targets\/*.yml # Hedefleri bu dizindeki YAML dosyalar\u0131ndan oku\n        refresh_interval: 5m\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ard\u0131ndan, <code>\/etc\/prometheus\/targets\/<\/code> dizini alt\u0131nda her bir web sunucunuz i\u00e7in bir YAML dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>webservers.yml<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\n# \/etc\/prometheus\/targets\/webservers.yml\n- targets:\n  - http:\/\/www.mywebapp.com\n  - https:\/\/api.mywebapp.com\n  labels:\n    env: production\n    service: webapp\n- targets:\n  - http:\/\/dev.mywebapp.com\n  labels:\n    env: development\n    service: webapp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sayede, yeni bir web sunucusu ekledi\u011finizde sadece bu YAML dosyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncellemeniz yeterli olur, Prometheus otomatik olarak yeni hedefi ke\u015ffeder.<\/p>\n<h3>Farkl\u0131 Mod\u00fcllerle Daha Derin Kontroller<\/h3>\n<p>Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n <code>blackbox.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda birden fazla mod\u00fcl tan\u0131mlad\u0131k. Bu mod\u00fclleri kullanarak farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde kontroller yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>HTTP \u0130\u00e7erik Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Bir web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n sadece eri\u015filebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda belirli bir metni i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini kontrol etmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in <code>http<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcne <code>fail_if_not_matches_regexp<\/code> veya <code>fail_if_matches_regexp<\/code> parametrelerini ekleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ana sayfan\u0131zda &#8220;Ho\u015f geldiniz&#8221; metninin olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyorsan\u0131z:\n<pre><code>\n  http_welcome_check:\n    prober: http\n    timeout: 5s\n    http:\n      valid_status_codes: [200]\n      fail_if_not_matches_regexp:\n        - \"Ho\u015f geldiniz\"\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131nda bu mod\u00fcl\u00fc kullanmak i\u00e7in <code>params: module: [http_welcome_check]<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz yeterlidir.\n    <\/li>\n<li><strong>TCP Port Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 veya SSH gibi belirli bir TCP portunun a\u00e7\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in <code>tcp_connect<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ICMP Ping:<\/strong> Sunucunun temel a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ICMP ping mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Grafana ile G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme<\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus metrikleri toplar ve Alertmanager uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir, ancak bu verileri anlaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Grafana harika bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Grafana&#8217;ya Prometheus veri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekleyerek Blackbox Exporter metriklerinden panolar olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n uptime durumunu g\u00f6steren bir panel (<code>probe_success<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>Yan\u0131t s\u00fcrelerini (latency) g\u00f6steren grafikler (<code>probe_duration_seconds<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>HTTP durum kodlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7ubuk grafikler (<code>probe_http_status_code<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu panolar, izleme verilerinizi bir bak\u0131\u015fta anlaman\u0131za ve trendleri izlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h3>Mobil Uyumlu HTML ve Responsive Tasar\u0131m (Kavramsal)<\/h3>\n<p>Bir web sitesinin veya uygulaman\u0131n izlenmesi kadar, izleme aray\u00fczlerinin de (Prometheus, Alertmanager, Grafana) mobil uyumlu olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, ekiplerin sahada veya uzaktan h\u0131zl\u0131ca duruma m\u00fcdahale edebilmesini sa\u011flar. Modern web aray\u00fczleri genellikle responsive tasar\u0131m prensiplerini benimser. \u00d6rne\u011fin, CSS media query&#8217;leri kullanarak farkl\u0131 ekran boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczeni ayarlayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-css\">\n\/* Genel stil *\/\nbody {\n    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n    margin: 0;\n    padding: 20px;\n}\n\n\/* Masa\u00fcst\u00fc i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan s\u00fctun d\u00fczeni *\/\n.container {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n    gap: 20px;\n}\n\n\/* K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekranlar (mobil) i\u00e7in d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftir *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .container {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr; \/* Tek s\u00fctuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr *\/\n    }\n    h2 {\n        font-size: 1.5em;\n    }\n    p {\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, 768 pikselden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekranlarda, 3 s\u00fctunlu bir d\u00fczen tek s\u00fctuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, izleme panolar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve aray\u00fczlerinizin her cihazda kullan\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Makalemiz HTML \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011frudan stil uygulayamasak da, bu prensipleri kendi izleme panolar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tasarlarken g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ileri d\u00fczey teknikler, izleme sisteminizi daha esnek, otomatik ve kapsaml\u0131 hale getirerek web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmenizi sa\u011flar. S\u00fcrekli \u00f6\u011frenmeye ve sisteminizi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re optimize etmeye devam etmek, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir izleme stratejisinin anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<p>Bu makalede, web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini izlemek i\u00e7in Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131 Ubuntu \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendik. Prometheus&#8217;u temel izleme motoru olarak kullanarak, Blackbox Exporter ile d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirlik kontrolleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik ve Alertmanager ile bu kontroller sonucunda olu\u015fan uyar\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6neterek bildirim kanallar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirdik. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131 ve ileri d\u00fczey tekniklerle, bu sistemin sadece sorunlar\u0131 tespit etmekle kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda proaktif m\u00fcdahale ve uzun vadeli performans optimizasyonu i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini de g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Art\u0131k web sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temele sahipsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Blackbox Exporter neden do\u011frudan web sunucusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Blackbox Exporter&#8217;\u0131n web sunucusundan ayr\u0131 bir yerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni, &#8220;kara kutu&#8221; izlemesinin do\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r. Blackbox Exporter, web sunucunuzun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. E\u011fer web sunucunuzun kendisi \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131rsa, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Blackbox Exporter da \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalacak ve size uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderemeyecektir. Ayr\u0131 bir sunucuda veya farkl\u0131 bir a\u011f segmentinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, web sunucusunun tamamen eri\u015filemez hale gelmesi durumunda bile size uyar\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu, izleme sisteminizin kendi kendine hata tolerans\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Birden fazla web sunucusunu veya URL&#8217;yi nas\u0131l izleyebilirim?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zdaki (<code>\/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code>) <code>blackbox<\/code> i\u015finin <code>targets<\/code> listesine izlemek istedi\u011finiz t\u00fcm web sunucusu URL&#8217;lerini ekleyebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, dinamik hedef ke\u015ffi (file-based SD, Consul SD vb.) kullanarak da birden fazla hedefi otomatik olarak ekleyebilirsiniz. Her bir hedef i\u00e7in Blackbox Exporter ayr\u0131 bir sorgu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Alertmanager \u00fczerinden SMS bildirimleri g\u00f6nderebilir miyim?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Evet, Alertmanager do\u011frudan SMS g\u00f6nderme yetene\u011fine sahip de\u011fildir ancak \u00e7e\u015fitli entegrasyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla SMS bildirimleri g\u00f6nderebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, PagerDuty, Opsgenie gibi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf uyar\u0131 y\u00f6netim hizmetleri veya Twilio gibi SMS a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri ile entegre olabilir. Alertmanager&#8217;\u0131n webhook al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bu servislerin API&#8217;lerine HTTP POST istekleri g\u00f6ndererek SMS bildirimlerini tetikleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Blackbox Exporter sadece HTTP\/S kontrol\u00fc m\u00fc yapar?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hay\u0131r, Blackbox Exporter sadece HTTP\/S kontrol\u00fc yapmaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda TCP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 (belirli bir portun a\u00e7\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in), ICMP ping&#8217;lerini (temel a\u011f eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in) ve DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilir. <code>blackbox.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 <code>prober<\/code> tiplerini kullanarak bu mod\u00fclleri tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Prometheus ve Alertmanager yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelledikten sonra ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prometheus yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (<code>prometheus.yml<\/code> veya <code>alert.rules.yml<\/code>) g\u00fcncelledikten sonra, Prometheus servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir: <code>sudo systemctl restart prometheus<\/code>. Alertmanager yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (<code>alertmanager.yml<\/code>) g\u00fcncelledikten sonra ise Alertmanager servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir: <code>sudo systemctl restart alertmanager<\/code>. Her iki durumda da, servisi yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce <code>promtool check config<\/code> veya <code>amtool check-config<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zdizimini kontrol etmeniz olas\u0131 hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter ile Ubuntu Web Sunucusu \u0130zleme Rehberi Web sunucunuzun kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak ister misiniz?&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-39294","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Web Sunucusu \u0130zlemenin \u00d6nemi: Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyar\u0131z?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Web sunucunuzun kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak ister misiniz? Dijital varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kalbi olan web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimi ve i\u015f s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Alertmanager ve Blackbox Exporter kullanarak Ubuntu \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kapsaml\u0131 bir izleme ve uyar\u0131 sistemi kurmay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. Sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n her zaman g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak olas\u0131 kesintilere an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edebilme yetene\u011fi kazanacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/web-sunucusu-izlemenin-onemi-neden-ihtiyac-duyariz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Web Sunucusu \u0130zlemenin \u00d6nemi: Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyar\u0131z?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Web sunucunuzun kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak ister misiniz? 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