{"id":39278,"date":"2026-02-18T02:40:56","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T23:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=39278"},"modified":"2026-02-18T02:40:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T23:40:56","slug":"ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde-cok-dugumlu-mysql-kumesi-olusturma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde-cok-dugumlu-mysql-kumesi-olusturma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc MySQL K\u00fcmesi Olu\u015fturma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc MySQL K\u00fcmesi Olu\u015fturma Rehberi<\/h2>\n

MySQL Cluster, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik, do\u011frusal \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 performans sa\u011flamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k ve bellekte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir veritaban\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Geleneksel tek sunuculu MySQL kurulumlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, MySQL Cluster veriyi birden \u00e7ok sunucuya da\u011f\u0131tarak tek bir hata noktas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc birden fazla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme yayar. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 16.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir MySQL Cluster kurulumunun ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: MySQL K\u00fcmesi Neden Gereklidir?<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen veri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k kalmas\u0131 gereken uygulamalar, veritaban\u0131 sistemleri \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Tek bir MySQL sunucusu, donan\u0131m ar\u0131zalar\u0131, a\u011f kesintileri veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme gibi durumlarda uygulaman\u0131n tamamen durmas\u0131na neden olabilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada MySQL Cluster devreye girer.<\/p>\n

MySQL Cluster’\u0131n temel faydalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilirlik (High Availability):<\/strong> Veri, birden fazla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde yedekli olarak saklan\u0131r. Bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olsa bile, di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler hizmet vermeye devam eder ve veri kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanmaz.
\n* Do\u011frusal \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik (Linear Scalability):<\/strong> K\u00fcme yap\u0131s\u0131na yeni d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler ekleyerek performans ve depolama kapasitesi kolayca art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek okuma\/yazma y\u00fck\u00fcne sahip uygulamalar i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n* Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Performans:<\/strong> Verinin bellekte depolanmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k mimarisi sayesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikme s\u00fcresi ve y\u00fcksek i\u015flem hacmi sunar.
\n* Hata Tolerans\u0131 (Fault Tolerance):<\/strong> K\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerden biri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funda, sistem otomatik olarak di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere y\u00fck\u00fc da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r ve kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.
\n* Otomatik Par\u00e7alama (Automatic Sharding):<\/strong> Veri, k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda otomatik olarak par\u00e7alan\u0131r (sharding), bu da manuel veri y\u00f6netimi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu rehberde, MySQL Cluster’\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ana bile\u015fenini (Y\u00f6netim D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc, Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ve SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc) ayr\u0131 sunuculara kurarak sa\u011flam ve y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 bir k\u00fcme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z. Ubuntu 16.04, sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda hala yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olsa da, daha yeni Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde de benzer ad\u0131mlar izlenebilir. Ancak bu makale \u00f6zel olarak 16.04 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedeflemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler ve Topoloji<\/h3>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n belirli gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu rehber i\u00e7in minimum 4 adet Ubuntu 16.04 sunucusu (fiziksel veya sanal makine) kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Gerekli Donan\u0131m ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131m:<\/h4>\n

* \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi:<\/strong> Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS (64-bit).
\n* CPU:<\/strong> Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in minimum 2 \u00e7ekirdek. Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7ekirdek \u00f6nerilir.
\n* RAM:<\/strong> Y\u00f6netim ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in minimum 2 GB RAM, Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in minimum 4 GB RAM (veri boyutu artt\u0131k\u00e7a bu miktar art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r).
\n* Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in minimum 20 GB disk alan\u0131. Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in veri boyutuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak daha fazla alan gerekebilir.
\n* A\u011f:<\/strong> T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikmeli, y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fine sahip bir a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.
\n* Statik IP Adresleri:<\/strong> T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler i\u00e7in statik IP adresleri zorunludur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcme Topolojisi ve IP Adresleri:<\/h4>\n

Bu rehberde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek IP adresleri ve rollerini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/p>\n

* MGM D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (Management Node):<\/strong> 192.168.1.10<\/code> (Hostname: mgm-node<\/code>)
\n * K\u00fcmenin yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri koordine eder. Veriyi depolamaz.
\n* Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 1 (Data Node 1):<\/strong> 192.168.1.11<\/code> (Hostname: data-node1<\/code>)
\n * Veriyi bellekte ve diskte depolar, i\u015flemlerin ana y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n* Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 2 (Data Node 2):<\/strong> 192.168.1.12<\/code> (Hostname: data-node2<\/code>)
\n * Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 1’in yede\u011fi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, veri yedeklili\u011fini sa\u011flar.
\n* SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (SQL Node):<\/strong> 192.168.1.13<\/code> (Hostname: sql-node<\/code>)
\n * Standart MySQL sunucusu gibi davran\u0131r, NDB depolama motorunu kullanarak verilere eri\u015fir. Uygulamalar bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 (T\u00fcm D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde):<\/h4>\n

1. Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi:<\/strong>
\n T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde sistem paketlerini g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\n    sudo apt upgrade -y\n    sudo apt dist-upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Hostname Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde kendi hostname’ini ayarlay\u0131n ve \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131 isim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini sa\u011flay\u0131n.
\n    \u00d6rne\u011fin, mgm-node<\/code> \u00fczerinde:<\/p>\n
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname mgm-node<\/code><\/pre>\n
    T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin (kendi IP adreslerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n
127.0.0.1       localhost\n    192.168.1.10    mgm-node\n    192.168.1.11    data-node1\n    192.168.1.12    data-node2\n    192.168.1.13    sql-node\n\n    # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n    ::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n    ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n    ff02::2 ip6-allrouters<\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde ping mgm-node<\/code> gibi komutlarla isim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  AppArmor Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma:<\/strong>
\n    MySQL Cluster’\u0131n baz\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri AppArmor ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fabilir. Sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in AppArmor’\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop apparmor\n    sudo systemctl disable apparmor<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde UFW’yi etkinle\u015ftirin ve gerekli portlara izin verin.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable\n    sudo ufw allow ssh # SSH eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   MGM D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (mgm-node<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n        *   1186\/tcp<\/code> (NDB Management Server)<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 1186\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri (data-node1<\/code>, data-node2<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n        *   NDB Data Node, y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ve di\u011fer veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleriyle ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in genellikle dinamik portlar kullan\u0131r, ancak y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011flant\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r. E\u011fer s\u0131k\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin vermeniz gerekebilir. Genellikle 1186 portu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir kurala gerek yoktur, ancak test i\u00e7in t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda tam eri\u015fime izin vermek isteyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 1186 # MGM'e eri\u015fim\n        # Di\u011fer NDB portlar\u0131 i\u00e7in dinamik aral\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7mak yerine, sadece i\u00e7 a\u011fdan gelen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verilebilir:\n        sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code><\/pre>\n
        *   \u00d6nemli Not:<\/strong> \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda sadece gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak esast\u0131r. MySQL Cluster’\u0131n veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri, y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in 1186 portunu kullan\u0131r. Kendi aralar\u0131nda ise genellikle dinamik portlar \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim kurarlar. Bu nedenle, k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda tam a\u011f eri\u015fimine izin vermek en kolay yoldur.
\n    *   SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (sql-node<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n        *   3306\/tcp<\/code> (MySQL Client Connections)
\n        *   1186\/tcp<\/code> (NDB Management Server)<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 3306\/tcp\n        sudo ufw allow 1186\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
    G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
MySQL Cluster Paketlerinin Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
MySQL Cluster’\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in MySQL APT deposunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Ubuntu 16.04 i\u00e7in MySQL Cluster 7.5 veya 7.6 (MySQL 5.7 NDB) s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri genellikle tercih edilir. Bu rehberde MySQL Cluster 7.6’y\u0131 hedefleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
1. MySQL APT Deposu Ekleme (T\u00fcm D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde):<\/h4>\n
MySQL APT yap\u0131land\u0131rma paketini indirin:<\/p>\n
wget https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/get\/mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Paketi kurun. Bu ad\u0131mda, size hangi MySQL \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak istedi\u011finiz sorulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda, “MySQL Server & Cluster” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in ve ard\u0131ndan “MySQL Cluster 7.6” (veya mevcut en g\u00fcncel 7.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Di\u011fer se\u00e7enekleri varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz. OK<\/code> ile onaylay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Depo yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere \u00d6zg\u00fc Paketlerin Kurulumu:<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm tipine uygun paketleri kural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
*   MGM D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (mgm-node<\/code> – 192.168.1.10):<\/strong>
\n    Y\u00f6netim sunucusunu kurun:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install mysql-cluster-community-management-server -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri (data-node1<\/code> – 192.168.1.11 ve data-node2<\/code> – 192.168.1.12):<\/strong>
\n    Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc sunucusunu kurun. Bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde MySQL sunucusunun kendisi kurulmaz, sadece NDB veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc bile\u015feni kurulur.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install mysql-cluster-community-data-node -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc (sql-node<\/code> – 192.168.1.13):<\/strong>
\n    MySQL sunucusunu (NDB deste\u011fi ile) ve istemci ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kurun. Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda root \u015fifresi belirlemeniz istenecektir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu paket, NDB depolama motorunu destekleyen bir mysqld<\/code> ikilisi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (MGM) Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
Y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc, k\u00fcmenin kalbidir. K\u00fcme yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin durumunu izler.<\/p>\n
1.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    MGM d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde ( mgm-node<\/code> ) bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dizini olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  config.ini<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Bu dizinde config.ini<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturun ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin. Bu dosya, k\u00fcmenin t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini ve ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/config.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0130\u00e7erik (kendi IP adreslerinizle ve hostname’lerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n
[ndbd default]\n    # NDB Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan ayarlar\n    NoOfReplicas=2                 # Veri yedeklili\u011fi (2 kopya)\n    DataMemory=2G                  # Her veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde veriye ayr\u0131lacak RAM (veri boyutuna g\u00f6re art\u0131r\u0131n)\n    IndexMemory=500M               # Her veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde indekslere ayr\u0131lacak RAM\n    # MaxNoOfTables=1024           # Maksimum tablo say\u0131s\u0131\n    # MaxNoOfAttributes=10000      # Maksimum \u00f6znitelik say\u0131s\u0131\n    # MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes=512    # Maksimum s\u0131ral\u0131 indeks say\u0131s\u0131\n    # MaxNoOfUniqueIndexes=256     # Maksimum benzersiz indeks say\u0131s\u0131\n    # MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations=100000 # E\u015fzamanl\u0131 i\u015flem say\u0131s\u0131\n    # TimeBetweenGlobalCheckpoints=2000 # Global checkpoint'ler aras\u0131 s\u00fcre (ms)\n    # HeartbeatIntervalDbDb=1500   # Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri aras\u0131 heartbeat (ms)\n    # HeartbeatIntervalDbApi=1500  # Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc-API d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131 heartbeat (ms)\n\n    [tcp default]\n    # K\u00fcme i\u00e7i ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in TCP\/IP ayarlar\u0131\n    # Allow multiple connections from the same host, useful for testing\n    # Allow multiple connections from the same host, useful for testing\n    # For production, consider removing this or restricting it to specific IPs\n    # if you have multiple mysqld on same host.\n    # SharedMemoryConnect = 1\n\n    [ndb_mgmd]\n    # Y\u00f6netim D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc Tan\u0131m\u0131\n    id=1                         # D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ID'si (1-255 aras\u0131 benzersiz)\n    hostname=192.168.1.10        # MGM d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn IP adresi veya hostname'i\n    datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster # MGM i\u00e7in log ve durum dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n saklanaca\u011f\u0131 dizin\n\n    [ndbd]\n    # Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 1 Tan\u0131m\u0131\n    id=2                         # Benzersiz D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ID'si\n    hostname=192.168.1.11        # Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 1'in IP adresi\n    datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/data # Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc verilerinin saklanaca\u011f\u0131 dizin\n\n    [ndbd]\n    # Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 2 Tan\u0131m\u0131\n    id=3                         # Benzersiz D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ID'si\n    hostname=192.168.1.12        # Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc 2'nin IP adresi\n    datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/data # Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc verilerinin saklanaca\u011f\u0131 dizin\n\n    [mysqld]\n    # SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc Tan\u0131m\u0131\n    id=4                         # Benzersiz D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ID'si\n    hostname=192.168.1.13        # SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn IP adresi\n\n    # \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birden fazla SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ekleyebilirsiniz\n    # [mysqld]\n    # id=5\n    # hostname=192.168.1.14<\/code><\/pre>\n
    DataMemory<\/code> ve IndexMemory<\/code> de\u011ferlerini sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n RAM kapasitesine g\u00f6re ayarlamay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bu de\u011ferler k\u00fcmenin toplam veri boyutunu ve performans\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n
3.  Y\u00f6netim D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131n. --initial<\/code> parametresi, ilk ba\u015flatma i\u00e7in gerekli dizinleri olu\u015fturur ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rlar. Bu parametreyi sadece ilk ba\u015flatmada veya yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 tamamen s\u0131f\u0131rlamak istedi\u011finizde kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo ndb_mgmd -f \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/config.ini --initial<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 almazsan\u0131z veya terminal donarsa, bu genellikle ba\u015far\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in nohup<\/code> veya systemd<\/code> servisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak daha iyidir.<\/p>\n
    Servis Olarak Ba\u015flatma (\u00d6nerilen):<\/strong>
\n    Y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir systemd<\/code> servisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable mysql-cluster-mgm\n    sudo systemctl start mysql-cluster-mgm\n    sudo systemctl status mysql-cluster-mgm<\/code><\/pre>\n
    mysql-cluster-community-management-server<\/code> paketi genellikle bu servisi otomatik olarak kurar. E\u011fer config.ini<\/code> dosyan\u0131z varsay\u0131lan \/etc\/mysql-cluster.conf.d\/config.ini<\/code> konumunda de\u011filse, servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekebilir. Ancak \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/config.ini<\/code> genellikle iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
    Y\u00f6netim istemcisine ba\u011flanarak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo ndb_mgm<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmal\u0131 (hen\u00fcz veri ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyeceklerdir):<\/p>\n
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --\n    ndb_mgm> show\n    Cluster Configuration\n    ---------------------\n    [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)\n    id=2    @192.168.1.11  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0, Master)\n    id=3    @192.168.1.12  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0)\n\n    [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)\n    id=1    @192.168.1.10  (Version: 7.6.X)\n\n    [mysqld(API)]   1 node(s)\n    id=4    @192.168.1.13  (Version: 7.6.X)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ndb_mgm><\/code> istemcisinden \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in exit<\/code> yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini (NDB) Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri, k\u00fcmenin verilerini depolayan ve i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren bile\u015fenlerdir. Her iki veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde de ayn\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
1.  Veri Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in config.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda belirtti\u011fimiz datadir<\/code> yolunu olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster\/data<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  my.cnf<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Her veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin veya yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturun (\/etc\/mysql-cluster.conf.d\/my.cnf<\/code> gibi). Bu dosya, veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne nas\u0131l ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
[mysql_cluster]\n    # Y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn IP adresi\n    ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.10<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    Her iki veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde de ndbd<\/code> servisini ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable mysql-cluster-data-node\n    sudo systemctl start mysql-cluster-data-node\n    sudo systemctl status mysql-cluster-data-node<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ba\u015flatma ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, ndb_mgm<\/code> istemcisinden show<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin connected<\/code> ve started<\/code> durumda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
    MGM d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde kontrol:<\/p>\n
sudo ndb_mgm\n    ndb_mgm> show<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmal\u0131:<\/p>\n
Cluster Configuration\n    ---------------------\n    [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)\n    id=2    @192.168.1.11  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0, Master)\n    id=3    @196.168.1.12  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0)\n\n    [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)\n    id=1    @192.168.1.10  (Version: 7.6.X)\n\n    [mysqld(API)]   1 node(s)\n    id=4    @192.168.1.13  (Version: 7.6.X)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da connected<\/code> ve started<\/code> durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (mysqld) Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc, uygulamalar\u0131n ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 standart MySQL sunucusudur. Ancak, verileri NDB depolama motoru arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla MySQL Cluster’dan al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  my.cnf<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong>
\n    SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde (sql-node<\/code>) \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    [mysqld]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131na veya dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
[mysqld]\n    # ... mevcut ayarlar ...\n    ndbcluster                     # NDB Cluster depolama motorunu etkinle\u015ftir\n    ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.10 # Y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn IP adresi<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayarlar, MySQL sunucusuna NDB Cluster ile ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
2.  MySQL Servisini Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in MySQL servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart mysql\n    sudo systemctl status mysql<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  K\u00fcme Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Yine MGM d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011flanarak t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin ba\u011fl\u0131 ve aktif oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo ndb_mgm\n    ndb_mgm> show<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131daki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin connected<\/code> ve started<\/code> durumda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz. \u00d6zellikle SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn (id=4) ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Cluster Configuration\n    ---------------------\n    [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)\n    id=2    @192.168.1.11  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0, Master)\n    id=3    @192.168.1.12  (Version: 7.6.X, Nodegroup: 0)\n\n    [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)\n    id=1    @192.168.1.10  (Version: 7.6.X)\n\n    [mysqld(API)]   1 node(s)\n    id=4    @192.168.1.13  (Version: 7.6.X, connected)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsa, \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki ndb-connectstring<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. MySQL hata loglar\u0131na (\/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code>) bakmak da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve Test Etme<\/h3>\n
Art\u0131k k\u00fcmeniz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bir veritaban\u0131 ve tablo olu\u015fturarak i\u015flevselli\u011fini test edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne Ba\u011flanma:<\/strong>
\n    SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde (sql-node<\/code>) MySQL istemcisine root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131n (kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirledi\u011finiz \u015fifreyi kullan\u0131n):<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Veritaban\u0131 ve Tablo Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    NDB Cluster depolama motorunu kullanarak bir veritaban\u0131 ve tablo olu\u015fturun. ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER<\/code> ifadesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE myclusterdb;\n    USE myclusterdb;\n\n    CREATE TABLE users (\n        id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n        name VARCHAR(100),\n        email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE\n    ) ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER;\n\n    INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Alice', 'alice@example.com');\n    INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Bob', 'bob@example.com');\n\n    SELECT * FROM users;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sorgular ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve veriyi g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
3.  K\u00fcme \u0130\u015flevselli\u011fini Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    *   Depolama Motoru Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SHOW ENGINES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da NDBCLUSTER<\/code> motorunun YES<\/code> (desteklendi\u011fini) ve DEFAULT<\/code> (varsay\u0131lan) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi gerekir.
\n    *   Tablo Durumu Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SHOW CREATE TABLE users;<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER<\/code> ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.
\n    *   Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilirlik Testi (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong>
\n        K\u00fcmenin y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini test etmek i\u00e7in, veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinden birini (\u00f6rne\u011fin data-node1<\/code>) durdurun ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnden veri okumaya devam edin.
\n        data-node1<\/code> \u00fczerinde:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop mysql-cluster-data-node<\/code><\/pre>\n
        SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p\n        USE myclusterdb;\n        SELECT * FROM users; # Veri hala eri\u015filebilir olmal\u0131<\/code><\/pre>\n
        MGM d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde ndb_mgm<\/code> ile durumu kontrol edin. data-node1<\/code>‘in disconnected<\/code> veya stopped<\/code> olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi gerekir, ancak data-node2<\/code> aktif oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00fcme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edecektir.
\n        Tekrar data-node1<\/code>‘i ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start mysql-cluster-data-node<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in data-node1<\/code> tekrar senkronize olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nemli Konular ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
MySQL Cluster kurulumu tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli konular\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir.<\/p>\n
1. Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilirlik ve Yedeklilik<\/h4>\n
*   \u00c7ift Y\u00f6netim D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Tek bir y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc tek bir hata noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir. Y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik i\u00e7in iki y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmak ve bunlar\u0131 bir y\u00fck dengeleyici (load balancer) veya DNS round-robin ile yap\u0131land\u0131rmak \u00f6nerilir. config.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda ikinci bir [ndb_mgmd]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ekleyebilirsiniz.
\n*   En Az \u0130ki Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> NoOfReplicas=2<\/code> ayar\u0131 i\u00e7in en az iki veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc zorunludur. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda 2’den fazla veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmak, hem performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r hem de daha fazla hata tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   Birden Fazla SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Uygulama y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tmak ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ar\u0131zalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in birden fazla SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131n. Bunlar\u0131 bir y\u00fck dengeleyici (\u00f6rne\u011fin ProxySQL veya HAProxy) arkas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
2. Performans Optimizasyonu<\/h4>\n
*   DataMemory<\/code> ve IndexMemory<\/code>:<\/strong> Bu parametreler, veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinde veriye ve indekslere ayr\u0131lacak RAM miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n veri boyutuna ve i\u015flem y\u00fck\u00fcne g\u00f6re bu de\u011ferleri dikkatlice ayarlay\u0131n. Yetersiz bellek performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir veya k\u00fcmenin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olabilir.
\n*   MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations<\/code>:<\/strong> E\u015fzamanl\u0131 i\u015flem say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Yo\u011fun i\u015f y\u00fckleri i\u00e7in bu de\u011feri art\u0131rmak gerekebilir.
\n*   Disk H\u0131z\u0131:<\/strong> Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 diskler (SSD) kullanmak, checkpoint’ler ve disk tabanl\u0131 i\u015flemler i\u00e7in performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   A\u011f Gecikmesi:<\/strong> MySQL Cluster, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikmeli ileti\u015fime ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek gecikmeli a\u011flar performans\u0131 olumsuz etkiler.<\/p>\n
3. Yedekleme ve Geri Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n
*   ndb_backup<\/code>:<\/strong> MySQL Cluster, verilerin anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in ndb_backup<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu ara\u00e7, k\u00fcme \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken tutarl\u0131 yedeklemeler yapabilir.
\n*   ndb_restore<\/code>:<\/strong> Yedeklenen verileri geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   MySQL Dump:<\/strong> SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnden standart mysqldump<\/code> ile de yedekleme alabilirsiniz, ancak bu sadece NDB tablolar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, t\u00fcm MySQL tablolar\u0131n\u0131 yedekler ve k\u00fcme yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131ndan yararlanmaz.<\/p>\n
4. G\u00fcncelleme ve Bak\u0131m<\/h4>\n
*   S\u0131rayla G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong> K\u00fcme d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini g\u00fcncellerken (\u00f6rne\u011fin i\u015fletim sistemi veya MySQL Cluster s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc), y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi korumak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri s\u0131rayla, birer birer \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 al\u0131p g\u00fcncelleyerek yap\u0131n.
\n*   Yap\u0131land\u0131rma De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri:<\/strong> config.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ilgili di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in --initial<\/code> parametresi olmadan yeniden ba\u015flatma yeterli olurken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in --initial<\/code> ile tam bir s\u0131f\u0131rlama gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
5. G\u00fcvenlik<\/h4>\n
*   A\u011f \u0130zolasyonu:<\/strong> MySQL Cluster d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca izole bir a\u011fda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Sadece gerekli portlara ve IP adreslerine izin verin.
\n*   SSH Anahtarlar\u0131:<\/strong> D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131 SSH eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in parola yerine SSH anahtarlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n.
\n*   MySQL Kullan\u0131c\u0131 \u0130zinleri:<\/strong> SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde minimum yetkiye sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturun ve root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sadece y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
6. \u0130zleme<\/h4>\n
*   ndb_mgm<\/code>:<\/strong> K\u00fcmenin durumunu anl\u0131k olarak izlemek i\u00e7in en temel ara\u00e7t\u0131r. show<\/code>, status<\/code>, all status<\/code> gibi komutlarla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin ve i\u015flemlerin durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz.
\n*   Log Dosyalar\u0131:<\/strong> MGM, veri ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin (\/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code>, \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code>, NDB’ye \u00f6zg\u00fc loglar).
\n*   Harici \u0130zleme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong> Zabbix, Prometheus veya Grafana gibi ara\u00e7larla MySQL Cluster metriklerini toplayarak daha kapsaml\u0131 bir izleme ve uyar\u0131 sistemi kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Kurulum veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri:<\/p>\n
*   D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler Ba\u011flanm\u0131yor (Not Connected):<\/strong>
\n    *   ndb-connectstring<\/code>:<\/strong> my.cnf<\/code> veya config.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki ndb-connectstring<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru y\u00f6netim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc IP adresini i\u015faret etti\u011finden emin olun.
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda gerekli portlar\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle 1186) a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   \/etc\/hosts<\/code>:<\/strong> D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131 isim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.
\n    *   Loglar:<\/strong> \u0130lgili d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (\/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code>, \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code>).
\n*   MGM D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015flam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   config.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zdizimi hatalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n    *   \/var\/lib\/mysql-cluster<\/code> dizininin var oldu\u011fundan ve do\u011fru izinlere sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   ndb_mgmd<\/code> komutunu --initial<\/code> parametresiyle sadece ilk kurulumda veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u0131f\u0131rlan\u0131rken kullan\u0131n.
\n*   Veri D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri Ba\u015flam\u0131yor (Node ID Mismatch, etc.):<\/strong>
\n    *   config.ini<\/code> ve my.cnf<\/code> dosyalar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ID’lerinin benzersiz ve do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   DataMemory<\/code> veya IndexMemory<\/code> i\u00e7in yetersiz RAM olabilir.
\n    *   datadir<\/code> dizininin var oldu\u011fundan ve MySQL kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yazma izinlerine sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   Veri d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn loglar\u0131na bak\u0131n.
\n*   SQL D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc NDB Tablolar\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda ndbcluster<\/code> ve ndb-connectstring<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   MySQL servisini yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n    *   SHOW ENGINES;<\/code> komutuyla NDBCLUSTER<\/code> motorunun etkin oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 16.04 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir MySQL Cluster’\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rdan kurmay\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 ve test etmeyi \u00f6\u011frendiniz. MySQL Cluster, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve performans gerektiren kritik uygulamalar i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Y\u00f6netim, veri ve SQL d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcmenizin sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Kurulum s\u00fcrecinde dikkat edilmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli noktalar; do\u011fru paketlerin se\u00e7ilmesi, t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131 ve config.ini<\/code> ile my.cnf<\/code> dosyalar\u0131ndaki parametrelerin dikkatli bir \u015fekilde ayarlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k temel bir MySQL Cluster kurulumuna sahipsiniz. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda kullanmadan \u00f6nce, k\u00fcmenizi uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ek y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda test etmeniz, performans ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmeniz ve d\u00fczenli yedekleme stratejileri geli\u015ftirmeniz \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ad\u0131mlar, veritaban\u0131 altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. MySQL Cluster’\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlarla, y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 ve kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc MySQL K\u00fcmesi Olu\u015fturma Rehberi\nMySQL Cluster, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik, do\u011frusal \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve ge","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-39278","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc MySQL K\u00fcmesi Olu\u015fturma Rehberi - 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