{"id":39206,"date":"2026-02-16T16:40:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T13:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=39206"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:40:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T13:40:46","slug":"centos-8-uzerine-linux-apache-mariadb-php-lamp-yiginini-kurulum-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/centos-8-uzerine-linux-apache-mariadb-php-lamp-yiginini-kurulum-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"CentOS 8 \u00dczerine Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Kurulum Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

CentOS 8 \u00dczerine Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Kurulum Rehberi<\/h2>\n

LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP), dinamik web siteleri ve web uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pop\u00fcler bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak yaz\u0131l\u0131m kombinasyonudur. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kombinasyon, d\u00fcnya genelindeki milyonlarca web sitesinin temelini olu\u015fturur. Linux, i\u015fletim sistemi olarak sa\u011flam bir temel sunarken; Apache, web i\u00e7eri\u011fini sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir web sunucusudur. MariaDB (MySQL’in bir \u00e7atal\u0131), verilerinizi depolayan ve y\u00f6neten ili\u015fkisel bir veritaban\u0131 sistemidir ve PHP ise dinamik web i\u00e7eri\u011fi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sunucu taraf\u0131 bir betik dilidir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, CentOS 8 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde bir LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. CentOS 8, RHEL tabanl\u0131 stabil ve g\u00fcvenilir bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Aral\u0131k 2021 itibar\u0131yla ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn (EOL) sonuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in AlmaLinux veya Rocky Linux gibi modern, RHEL uyumlu alternatifleri de\u011ferlendirmeniz \u00f6nerilir. Ancak bu rehber, \u00f6zel olarak CentOS 8 \u00fczerinde kurulumu hedeflemektedir ve bu platformda LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kurmak isteyenler i\u00e7in eksiksiz bir kaynak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kurulum rehberini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya haz\u0131r, tam i\u015flevsel bir LAMP sunucusuna sahip olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Her ad\u0131m, komutlar\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi ve neden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla birlikte detayland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* CentOS 8 i\u015fletim sistemi kurulu bir sunucu veya sanal makine.
\n* sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip, k\u00f6k olmayan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131. G\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011frudan root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yerine sudo<\/code> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir.
\n* Sunucunuzun internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Temel Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

1. CentOS 8 Sistemini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r ve en son paket s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. CentOS 8, dnf<\/code> paket y\u00f6neticisini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sistem paketlerini g\u00fcncellemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n

sudo dnf update -y\nsudo dnf upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   sudo dnf update -y<\/code>: Bu komut, sisteminizdeki t\u00fcm kurulu paketlerin en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini indirir ve kurar. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm onay istemlerine otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verir.
\n*   sudo dnf upgrade -y<\/code>: Bu komut, update<\/code> komutuna benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ancak bazen daha kapsaml\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeler yapabilir, \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7ekirdek gibi temel sistem bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7in. G\u00fcvenli tarafta olmak i\u00e7in her ikisini de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak genellikle iyi bir fikirdir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcncelleme i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, baz\u0131 durumlarda yeni \u00e7ekirdek veya sistem bile\u015fenlerinin etkinle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in sunucuyu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tekrar oturum a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 paketler veya depolar i\u00e7in gerekli olabilecek EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) deposunu kurmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf install epel-release -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
EPEL, RHEL tabanl\u0131 sistemler i\u00e7in ek ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli paketler sa\u011flayan bir topluluk deposudur.<\/p>\n
2. Apache Web Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Apache HTTP Sunucusu, d\u00fcnya genelinde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan web sunucular\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130stekleri i\u015fler ve web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sunar.<\/p>\n
Apache’yi CentOS 8’e kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf install httpd -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Apache servisinin sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve servisi ba\u015flatmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Apache’yi Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Apache servisini ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start httpd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Apache’nin otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable httpd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache servisinin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status httpd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “active (running)” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu, Apache’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Firewall Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
CentOS 8, varsay\u0131lan olarak firewalld<\/code> adl\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 hizmetiyle gelir. Web sunucunuzun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP (port 80) ve HTTPS (port 443) trafi\u011fine izin vermeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanarak g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http\nsudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http<\/code>: Bu komut, HTTP trafi\u011fine (port 80) kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak izin verir.
\n*   sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https<\/code>: Bu komut, HTTPS trafi\u011fine (port 443) kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak izin verir.
\n*   sudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code>: Bu komut, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckler ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hemen etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h4>\n
Apache’nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/SUNUCU_IP_ADRESI<\/code><\/p>\n
E\u011fer her \u015fey do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ysa, “CentOS 8 Apache Test Page” veya benzeri bir Apache test sayfas\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu sayfa \/usr\/share\/httpd\/noindex\/index.html<\/code> konumunda bulunur.<\/p>\n
Kendi test sayfan\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturmak isterseniz, varsay\u0131lan Apache web k\u00f6k dizini \/var\/www\/html<\/code> konumundad\u0131r. Bu dizine bir index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
echo \"\" | sudo tee \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan tekrar sunucu IP adresinize gitti\u011finizde bu mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
3. MariaDB Veritaban\u0131 Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
MariaDB, MySQL’in topluluk taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7atal\u0131d\u0131r ve LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131nda veritaban\u0131 bile\u015feni olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir.<\/p>\n
MariaDB’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf install mariadb-server mariadb -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, MariaDB servisini ba\u015flatmal\u0131 ve sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
MariaDB’yi Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
MariaDB servisini ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda MariaDB’nin otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
MariaDB servisinin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “active (running)” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
MariaDB G\u00fcvenlik Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Yeni kurulan bir MariaDB sunucusu, varsay\u0131lan olarak baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na sahip olabilir. mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fi, bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu ad\u0131m, veritaban\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n
Betik size bir dizi soru soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1.  Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/strong> \u0130lk kurulumda root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n parolas\u0131 yoktur, bu y\u00fczden sadece Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.
\n2.  Set root password? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak root parolas\u0131 belirleyin. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun. Parolay\u0131 iki kez girmeniz istenecektir.
\n3.  Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar test ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturur. Y<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak bunlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n.
\n4.  Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yerel olarak (localhost) oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin vermek g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Uzaktan root eri\u015fimi, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sunucunuzun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesi i\u00e7in bir yol olabilir. Y<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak uzaktan root giri\u015fini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n.
\n5.  Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Test veritaban\u0131, varsay\u0131lan olarak gelen ve herkesin eri\u015febilece\u011fi bir veritaban\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in bunu kald\u0131rmak \u00f6nemlidir. Y<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak kald\u0131r\u0131n.
\n6.  Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hemen etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tablolar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir. Y<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, MariaDB sunucunuz daha g\u00fcvenli bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MariaDB’yi Test Etme<\/h4>\n
MariaDB’ye root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak ba\u011flanarak kurulumu test edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
Parola istendi\u011finde, mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirledi\u011finiz root parolas\u0131n\u0131 girin. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde giri\u015f yapt\u0131ysan\u0131z, MariaDB komut istemini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, MariaDB [(none)]><\/code>) g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi mevcut veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 listeleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
SHOW DATABASES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da information_schema<\/code>, mysql<\/code>, performance_schema<\/code> ve sys<\/code> gibi varsay\u0131lan veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
MariaDB komut isteminden \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. PHP Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
PHP, dinamik web i\u00e7eri\u011fi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan sunucu taraf\u0131 bir betik dilidir. LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n son bile\u015fenidir.<\/p>\n
CentOS 8’de dnf<\/code> mod\u00fcl komutlar\u0131, PHP gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kolayca y\u00f6netmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
CentOS 8’de DNF Mod\u00fclleri ile PHP S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri<\/h4>\n
Mevcut PHP mod\u00fcllerini ve s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf module list php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, CentOS 8 depolar\u0131nda bulunan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini listeleyecektir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, php:7.2, php:7.3, php:7.4). Genellikle en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc veya uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc se\u00e7melisiniz. Bu rehber i\u00e7in PHP 7.4’\u00fc se\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
PHP 7.4 mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf module enable php:7.4 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer yanl\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm etkinle\u015ftirirseniz veya daha sonra de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isterseniz, \u00f6nce etkin mod\u00fcl\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131rlaman\u0131z gerekir: sudo dnf module reset php -y<\/code>.<\/p>\n
PHP ve Gerekli Mod\u00fclleri Kurma<\/h4>\n
PHP’yi ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 mod\u00fclleri kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo dnf install php php-cli php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-gd php-opcache php-mbstring php-xml php-json -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut \u015funlar\u0131 kurar:<\/p>\n
*   php<\/code>: Temel PHP paketi.
\n*   php-cli<\/code>: Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc i\u00e7in PHP.
\n*   php-fpm<\/code>: PHP FastCGI Process Manager. Apache ile PHP’yi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nerilen ve daha performansl\u0131 yoludur.
\n*   php-mysqlnd<\/code>: MariaDB\/MySQL veritabanlar\u0131na ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc.
\n*   php-gd<\/code>: G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme yetenekleri i\u00e7in GD k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi.
\n*   php-opcache<\/code>: PHP performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran bir \u00f6nbellek mod\u00fcl\u00fc.
\n*   php-mbstring<\/code>: \u00c7ok baytl\u0131 dizelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in.
\n*   php-xml<\/code>: XML verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in.
\n*   php-json<\/code>: JSON verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fka mod\u00fcller de kurman\u0131z gerekebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, php-intl<\/code>, php-ldap<\/code>, php-pdo<\/code> vb.).<\/p>\n
PHP-FPM Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Modern web sunucusu kurulumlar\u0131nda, PHP’yi Apache ile entegre etmenin en verimli yolu PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) kullanmakt\u0131r. PHP-FPM, PHP yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir i\u015flem olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve Apache, istekleri PHP-FPM’e iletir.<\/p>\n
PHP-FPM servisini ba\u015flat\u0131n ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start php-fpm\nsudo systemctl enable php-fpm\nsudo systemctl status php-fpm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi Apache’nin PHP-FPM ile nas\u0131l etkile\u015fim kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Apache’nin PHP-FPM ile ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/php.conf<\/code> (veya benzer bir adla) bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmam\u0131z veya d\u00fczenlememiz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
Genellikle, PHP-FPM varsay\u0131lan olarak \/etc\/php-fpm.d\/www.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda Unix soketi \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (genellikle \/run\/php-fpm\/www.sock<\/code> veya \/var\/run\/php-fpm\/www.sock<\/code>). Bu soket, Apache’nin eri\u015febilece\u011fi bir yerde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla Apache’nin PHP-FPM ile ileti\u015fim kurabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 yapal\u0131m. Apache’nin PHP dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in mod_proxy_fcgi<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/php.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun veya d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/php.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\n    SetHandler \"proxy:unix:\/run\/php-fpm\/www.sock|fcgi:\/\/localhost\/\"\n<\/FilesMatch>\n\n\n    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html\n<\/IfModule><\/code><\/pre>\n
*   <\/code>: Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, .php<\/code> uzant\u0131s\u0131na sahip t\u00fcm dosyalar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.
\n*   SetHandler \"proxy:unix:\/run\/php-fpm\/www.sock|fcgi:\/\/localhost\/\"<\/code>: Bu y\u00f6nerge, Apache’ye .php<\/code> dosyalar\u0131na gelen istekleri PHP-FPM’e (Unix soketi \u00fczerinden) iletmesini s\u00f6yler. \/run\/php-fpm\/www.sock<\/code> yolu, PHP-FPM’in dinledi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan soket yoludur. E\u011fer PHP-FPM farkl\u0131 bir soket veya TCP portunda dinliyorsa, bu yolu buna g\u00f6re ayarlaman\u0131z gerekir.
\n*    ... <\/IfModule><\/code>: Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, DirectoryIndex<\/code> y\u00f6nergesini i\u00e7erir. Bu, bir dizine eri\u015fildi\u011finde Apache’nin hangi dosyay\u0131 varsay\u0131lan olarak sunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. index.php<\/code>‘yi index.html<\/code>‘den \u00f6nce listelemek, PHP uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ana sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli olarak y\u00fcklenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Nano i\u00e7in Ctrl+X<\/code>, Y<\/code> ve Enter).<\/p>\n
Apache’nin PHP-FPM soketine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in SELinux ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yapman\u0131z gerekebilir. E\u011fer SELinux enforcing<\/code> modundaysa ve sorun ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db 1\nsudo setsebool -P httpd_execmem 1<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, Apache’nin a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kurmas\u0131na ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir belle\u011fi kullanmas\u0131na izin verir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 PHP uzant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olabilir.<\/p>\n
Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache servisini yeniden ba\u015flatmal\u0131y\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart httpd<\/code><\/pre>\n
PHP’yi Test Etme<\/h4>\n
PHP’nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in, Apache’nin web k\u00f6k dizininde (\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>) basit bir PHP bilgi dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki PHP kodunu ekleyin:<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adrese gidin:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/SUNUCU_IP_ADRESI\/info.php<\/code><\/p>\n
E\u011fer her \u015fey do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ysa, PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131 ve y\u00fckl\u00fc mod\u00fcller hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7eren bir PHP bilgi sayfas\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6NEML\u0130 G\u00dcVENL\u0130K UYARISI:<\/strong> info.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131, sunucunuz hakk\u0131nda hassas bilgiler i\u00e7erir. Bu dosya, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla kurdu\u011funuzu do\u011frulad\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle derhal silinmelidir.<\/p>\n
sudo rm \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu, sunucunuzun potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Ek Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kurmak ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bir \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda kullanmadan \u00f6nce, sunucunuzu daha da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak ve performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar yapman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
Apache G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
*   Dizin Listelemeyi Kapatma:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan olarak, bir dizinde index.php<\/code> veya index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 yoksa Apache dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini listeleyebilir. Bu bir g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturabilir. Bunu kapatmak i\u00e7in Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zda (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf<\/code> veya bir Virtual Host dosyas\u0131nda) Options -Indexes<\/code> y\u00f6nergesini kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n        Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks\n        AllowOverride All\n        Require all granted\n    <\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Sunucu \u0130mzas\u0131 Kapatma:<\/strong> Apache, varsay\u0131lan olarak hata sayfalar\u0131nda ve HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda sunucu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. Bu bilgiler sald\u0131rganlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilir. Bunu kapatmak i\u00e7in httpd.conf<\/code> dosyan\u0131za a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
ServerTokens Prod\n    ServerSignature Off<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Mod_Security ve Mod_Evasive:<\/strong> Web uygulamas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 (WAF) olan mod_security<\/code> ve DDoS korumas\u0131 sa\u011flayan mod_evasive<\/code> gibi mod\u00fclleri kurarak ek g\u00fcvenlik katmanlar\u0131 ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
MariaDB G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
*   Uzak Eri\u015fimi K\u0131s\u0131tlama:<\/strong> mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fi root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Ancak, di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in de uzak eri\u015fimi k\u0131s\u0131tlamak isteyebilirsiniz. \/etc\/my.cnf.d\/mariadb-server.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda bind-address<\/code> y\u00f6nergesini 127.0.0.1<\/code> olarak ayarlayarak MariaDB’nin sadece yerel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesini sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.
\n*   G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Parolalar:<\/strong> T\u00fcm veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve karma\u015f\u0131k parolalar kullan\u0131n.
\n*   Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 Dikkatli Y\u00f6netme:<\/strong> Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, onlara yaln\u0131zca ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 minimum ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 verin. GRANT<\/code> komutunu kullanarak belirli veritabanlar\u0131 veya tablolar \u00fczerinde belirli i\u015flemlere izin verin.
\n*   Veritaban\u0131 G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> MariaDB’yi d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncelleyerek bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yamalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
PHP G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
*   php.ini<\/code> Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 (\/etc\/php.ini<\/code>) d\u00fczenleyerek g\u00fcvenlik ve performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri yap\u0131n:
\n    *   display_errors = Off<\/code>: \u00dcretim ortam\u0131nda hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lara g\u00f6stermeyin. Bu, hassas bilgilerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n    *   expose_php = Off<\/code>: PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6stermeyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n.
\n    *   allow_url_fopen = Off<\/code>: Uzak dosyalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n, bu da uzaktan dosya dahil etme (RFI) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.
\n    *   open_basedir<\/code>: PHP betiklerinin eri\u015febilece\u011fi dizinleri k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak dosya sistemi eri\u015fimini kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131n.
\n*   S\u00fcr\u00fcm G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> PHP’yi d\u00fczenli olarak en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcme g\u00fcncelleyin. Her yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcm genellikle g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 ve performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7erir.
\n*   Gereksiz Mod\u00fclleri Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma:<\/strong> Kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z PHP mod\u00fcllerini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakarak sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyini azalt\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Firewall G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
*   Minimum Portlar\u0131 A\u00e7ma:<\/strong> Sadece web sunucunuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan portlar\u0131 (80 ve 443) a\u00e7\u0131n. Di\u011fer t\u00fcm portlar\u0131 kapat\u0131n. SSH i\u00e7in port 22’yi a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakman\u0131z gerekir, ancak bunu varsay\u0131lan olmayan bir porta de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ek g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flayabilir.
\n*   IP K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131:<\/strong> Belirli hizmetlere (\u00f6rne\u011fin SSH veya veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netimi) yaln\u0131zca belirli IP adreslerinden eri\u015fime izin vermek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n
SELinux<\/h4>\n
CentOS’ta SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) varsay\u0131lan olarak etkin ve enforcing<\/code> modundad\u0131r. Bu, sisteminizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r ancak bazen yeni kurulan hizmetlerle etkile\u015fime girerek beklenmedik davran\u0131\u015flara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
*   SELinux Ba\u011flamlar\u0131:<\/strong> E\u011fer web uygulaman\u0131z \/var\/www\/html<\/code> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir dizinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaksa veya bu dizinlerde yazma izinlerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorsa, do\u011fru SELinux ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlaman\u0131z gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir uygulaman\u0131n \/var\/www\/html\/my_app\/uploads<\/code> dizinine yazmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa:<\/p>\n
sudo chcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t \/var\/www\/html\/my_app\/uploads<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, \/var\/www\/html\/my_app\/uploads<\/code> dizinine ve i\u00e7eri\u011fine Apache’nin yazma eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in do\u011fru ba\u011flam\u0131 atar.
\n*   Sorun Giderme:<\/strong> E\u011fer SELinux ile ilgili bir sorun ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, audit.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (\/var\/log\/audit\/audit.log<\/code>) kontrol edebilir veya setroubleshoot-server<\/code> paketini kurarak sealert -a \/var\/log\/audit\/audit.log<\/code> komutuyla sorunlar\u0131 analiz edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu rehberde, CentOS 8 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde eksiksiz bir LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurulumunu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. CentOS 8 sistemini g\u00fcncelledik, Apache web sunucusunu kurup yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131k, MariaDB veritaban\u0131 sunucusunu kurup g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131k ve PHP’yi PHP-FPM ile Apache’ye entegre ettik. Ayr\u0131ca, kurulumunuzu daha g\u00fcvenli ve sa\u011flam hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve g\u00fcvenlik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da verdik.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k dinamik web siteleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya haz\u0131r, tam i\u015flevsel bir LAMP sunucusuna sahipsiniz. Bu, kendi web projelerinizi ba\u015flatman\u0131z veya mevcut uygulamalar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131z i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir temel sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri Ad\u0131mlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n
*   Web Uygulamas\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> WordPress, Joomla, Drupal gibi i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemlerini veya kendi \u00f6zel PHP uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizinine veya bir Virtual Host kullanarak ba\u015fka bir dizine da\u011f\u0131tabilirsiniz.
\n*   SSL\/TLS Kurulumu:<\/strong> Web sitenizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve HTTPS \u00fczerinden trafi\u011fi \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt gibi \u00fccretsiz bir sertifika yetkilisi kullanarak SSL\/TLS kurun.
\n*   Virtual Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong> Birden fazla web sitesini ayn\u0131 sunucu \u00fczerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Apache Virtual Host’lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n.
\n*   Yedekleme \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/strong> Verilerinizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli yedekleme stratejileri uygulay\u0131n.
\n*   \u0130zleme ve Y\u00f6netim Ara\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucu performans\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in phpMyAdmin gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 veya sunucu izleme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki CentOS 8’in ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc sona ermi\u015ftir. Yeni projeler veya \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux veya Fedora Server gibi RHEL tabanl\u0131 alternatifleri de\u011ferlendirmeniz, uzun vadeli g\u00fcvenlik ve destek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu rehber, CentOS 8 \u00fczerindeki bir kurulumu anlaman\u0131za ve bu platformda bir LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"CentOS 8 \u00dczerine Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Kurulum Rehberi\nLAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP), dinamik web siteler","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-39206","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nCentOS 8 \u00dczerine Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Kurulum Rehberi - 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