{"id":39080,"date":"2026-02-14T00:40:50","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T21:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=39080"},"modified":"2026-02-14T00:40:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T21:40:50","slug":"linuxta-disk-bolumlendirme-partitioning-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/linuxta-disk-bolumlendirme-partitioning-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux’ta Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (Partitioning) – Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Linux’ta Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (Partitioning) – Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber<\/h2>\n

Linux sistemlerde disk y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle de disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (partitioning), sistem y\u00f6neticileri ve ileri d\u00fczey kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in temel bir beceridir. Yeni bir disk eklerken, birden fazla i\u015fletim sistemi kurarken veya mevcut bir diskin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 optimize ederken disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u015flemi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelir. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Linux’ta disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme kavramlar\u0131n\u0131, neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu, kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m uygulama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, hem yeni ba\u015flayanlar\u0131n hem de deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bu karma\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcreci g\u00fcvenle tamamlamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Disk ve B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Temelleri<\/h3>\n

Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, temel kavramlar\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Fiziksel Diskler ve Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcmler<\/h4>\n

Fiziksel diskler, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki donan\u0131m depolama birimleridir. Bunlar genellikle Hard Disk Drive (HDD) veya Solid State Drive (SSD) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bir fiziksel disk, i\u015fletim sistemi taraf\u0131ndan tek bir b\u00fcy\u00fck depolama alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, ancak genellikle daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, y\u00f6netilebilir par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu par\u00e7alara “b\u00f6l\u00fcm” (partition) denir.<\/p>\n

Her b\u00f6l\u00fcm, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir depolama birimi gibi davran\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u015fletim sisteminizi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rken, ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm ki\u015fisel verilerinizi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise bir yedekleme alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Bu mant\u0131ksal ay\u0131rma, veri organizasyonu, g\u00fcvenlik ve sistem esnekli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli avantajlar sunar.<\/p>\n

Neden Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme Yapar\u0131z?<\/h4>\n

Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme yapman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok ge\u00e7erli nedeni vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Veri G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u0130zolasyon:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletim sistemi dosyalar\u0131 ile ki\u015fisel verileri ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde tutmak, i\u015fletim sisteminde olu\u015fabilecek bir hatan\u0131n veya yeniden kurulumun ki\u015fisel verilerinizi etkilemesini \u00f6nler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \/home<\/code> dizinini ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rmak yayg\u0131n bir pratiktir.
\n* \u00c7oklu \u0130\u015fletim Sistemleri (Dual Boot\/Multi-Boot):<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 bilgisayarda Windows ve Linux gibi birden fazla i\u015fletim sistemi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istedi\u011finizde, her i\u015fletim sistemi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.
\n* Sistem Performans\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle eski HDD’lerde, s\u0131k eri\u015filen verileri diskin d\u0131\u015f kenarlar\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere yerle\u015ftirmek teorik olarak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak modern SSD’lerde bu fark daha az belirgindir.
\n* Y\u00f6netim Kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 boyutlarda b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olu\u015fturmak, disk alan\u0131n\u0131n daha etkin y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir geli\u015ftirme sunucusunda \/var<\/code> (log dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in) veya \/tmp<\/code> (ge\u00e7ici dosyalar i\u00e7in) gibi dizinleri ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ay\u0131rmak, bu dizinlerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi durumunda ana sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesini engeller.
\n* Swap Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Linux sistemlerde, fiziksel RAM yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere bir “swap” (takas) alan\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. Bu alan genellikle ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* Dosya Sistemi \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde farkl\u0131 dosya sistemleri (ext4, XFS, Btrfs, NTFS vb.) kullanma esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Tablolar\u0131 (Partition Tables)<\/h4>\n

Bir diskin nas\u0131l b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendi\u011fi bilgisi, diskin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan bir “b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu”nda saklan\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: MBR ve GPT.<\/p>\n

MBR (Master Boot Record)<\/h5>\n

MBR, PC’lerde uzun y\u0131llar boyunca standart olarak kullan\u0131lan eski bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme \u015femas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n * 4 Ana B\u00f6l\u00fcm S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> MBR, bir disk \u00fczerinde en fazla 4 adet birincil (primary) b\u00f6l\u00fcm tan\u0131mlayabilir. E\u011fer daha fazla b\u00f6l\u00fcme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, birincil b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden birini “geni\u015fletilmi\u015f” (extended) b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z ve bu geni\u015fletilmi\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7ine “mant\u0131ksal” (logical) b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.
\n * 2 TB Disk Boyutu S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> MBR, 2 terabayttan (TB) daha b\u00fcy\u00fck diskleri tam olarak adresleyemez. Bu, modern y\u00fcksek kapasiteli diskler i\u00e7in ciddi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamad\u0131r.
\n* Uyumluluk:<\/strong> Eski sistemler ve BIOS tabanl\u0131 \u00f6ny\u00fckleme i\u00e7in hala yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

GPT (GUID Partition Table)<\/h5>\n

GPT, MBR’\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f daha modern ve esnek bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme \u015femas\u0131d\u0131r. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde standartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Avantajlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n * \u00c7ok Say\u0131da B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong> GPT, teorik olarak 128 adede kadar b\u00f6l\u00fcm tan\u0131mlayabilir (\u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fletim sistemi bunu 128 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar).
\n * 2 TB \u00dczeri Disk Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> 2 TB s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015far ve \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck diskleri destekler.
\n * Veri B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosunun birincil ve ikincil (yedek) kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 tutarak veri bozulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu verilerinin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) sa\u011flama toplamlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r.
\n * \u00d6ny\u00fckleme (Boot) Alan\u0131:<\/strong> UEFI sistemlerde, GPT diskler genellikle bir EFI Sistem B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (ESP) gerektirir.
\n* Hangisini Se\u00e7meli?<\/strong>
\n * Yeni bir sistem kuruyorsan\u0131z, diskiniz 2 TB’tan b\u00fcy\u00fckse veya UEFI \u00f6ny\u00fckleme kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, kesinlikle GPT’yi tercih etmelisiniz.
\n * Eski bir sistemde 2 TB’tan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir diskle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve MBR’ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 eski bir i\u015fletim sistemiyle uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015famamak istiyorsan\u0131z MBR kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak genel olarak GPT, daha modern ve gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Haz\u0131rl\u0131k A\u015famas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yedekleme<\/h4>\n

En \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m budur!<\/strong> Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u015flemleri yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veri kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Mevcut bir diski b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendiriyorsan\u0131z veya kritik veriler i\u00e7eren bir sistem \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli verilerinizin tam yede\u011fini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. Harici bir disk, a\u011f depolama (NAS) veya bulut hizmetleri yedekleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Bir sistem g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc (disk imaj\u0131) almak da iyi bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n

Disk Tan\u0131mlama<\/h4>\n

Hangi disk \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirlemek hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f diski se\u00e7mek, sisteminizin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine veya veri kayb\u0131na neden olabilir. Linux’ta diskleri ve mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini listelemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli komutlar kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n

* lsblk<\/code>: Ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm blok ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 (diskler, b\u00f6l\u00fcmler, takas alanlar\u0131 vb.) a\u011fa\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6sterir. Bu komut, disk boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011flama noktalar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

lsblk<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131, \/dev\/sda<\/code>, \/dev\/sdb<\/code> gibi diskleri ve bunlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \/dev\/sda1<\/code>, \/dev\/sdb2<\/code> gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00f6sterir. NVMe s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler \/dev\/nvme0n1<\/code> gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n*   fdisk -l<\/code>: T\u00fcm disklerin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablolar\u0131n\u0131 listeler. Hangi diskin MBR, hangisinin GPT oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo fdisk -l<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, disklerin boyutunu, b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu tipini ve her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\/biti\u015f sekt\u00f6rlerini g\u00f6sterir.
\n*   parted -l<\/code>: fdisk -l<\/code> benzeri bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 verir ancak daha modern ve GPT diskler i\u00e7in daha uygundur.<\/p>\n
sudo parted -l<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut da disklerin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablolar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm bilgilerini listeler.<\/p>\n
Bu komutlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyerek, hangi diskin bo\u015f oldu\u011funu veya hangi disk \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini belirleyin. Genellikle yeni eklenen diskler \/dev\/sdb<\/code>, \/dev\/sdc<\/code> gibi adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, ana sistem diski \/dev\/sda<\/code> olur.<\/p>\n
Gereken Yetkiler<\/h4>\n
Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u015flemleri, sistem d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gerektirdi\u011finden k\u00f6k (root) yetkilerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu nedenle, kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z t\u00fcm komutlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na sudo<\/code> eklemeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Linux’ta disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u00e7in hem komut sat\u0131r\u0131 hem de grafik aray\u00fcz ara\u00e7lar\u0131 mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131, esneklik ve otomasyon imkanlar\u0131 sunar ve sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edilir.<\/p>\n
*   fdisk<\/code>:<\/strong> MBR b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosuna sahip diskler i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m\u0131 nispeten basittir ancak GPT diskler i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmez.
\n*   gdisk<\/code>:<\/strong> GPT b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosuna sahip diskler i\u00e7in fdisk<\/code>‘in muadilidir. fdisk<\/code> ile benzer bir aray\u00fcze sahiptir.
\n*   parted<\/code>:<\/strong> Hem MBR hem de GPT disklerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. fdisk<\/code> ve gdisk<\/code>‘ten farkl\u0131 olarak, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri an\u0131nda diske yazar, bu y\u00fczden dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 megabayt (MB), gigabayt (GB) gibi birimlerle belirtme imkan\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n
Grafik Aray\u00fcz Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Grafik aray\u00fcz ara\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle masa\u00fcst\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha g\u00f6rsel ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir deneyim sunar.<\/p>\n
*   GParted:<\/strong> Linux’taki en pop\u00fcler grafiksel disk d\u00fczenleme arac\u0131d\u0131r. Canl\u0131 bir CD\/USB \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sistem diskini de d\u00fczenleyebilir. MBR ve GPT dahil bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu ve dosya sistemi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc destekler.
\n*   KDE Partition Manager:<\/strong> KDE masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131nda GParted’a benzer i\u015flevsellik sunan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.
\n*   GNOME Disks (Disks):<\/strong> GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lan disk y\u00f6netim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Diskleri formatlama, b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme ve ba\u011flama gibi temel g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n
Bu rehberde, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131na odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar t\u00fcm Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131nda bulunur ve daha fazla kontrol sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi, farkl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar kullanarak disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyelim. Bu \u00f6rneklerde, \/dev\/sdb<\/code> ad\u0131nda bo\u015f bir disk \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 varsayaca\u011f\u0131z. Kendi sisteminizde do\u011fru diski se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun!<\/strong><\/p>\n
fdisk<\/code> ile B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma (MBR Diskler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/h4>\n
fdisk<\/code> genellikle MBR diskler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Diski Se\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo fdisk \/dev\/sdb<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut sizi fdisk<\/code> komut istemine g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n
2.  Mevcut B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Listeleme:<\/strong>
\n    p<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak diskin mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosunu g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Yeni bir diskte genellikle bo\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.  Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    n<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n.
\n    *   B\u00f6l\u00fcm Tipi:<\/strong> p<\/code> (birincil) veya e<\/code> (geni\u015fletilmi\u015f) se\u00e7ene\u011fini sunacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in p<\/code> se\u00e7in.
\n    *   B\u00f6l\u00fcm Numaras\u0131:<\/strong> 1-4 aras\u0131nda bir numara se\u00e7in (genellikle 1).
\n    *   Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan de\u011feri kabul etmek i\u00e7in Enter’a bas\u0131n (genellikle diskin ilk kullan\u0131labilir sekt\u00f6r\u00fc).
\n    *   Biti\u015f Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc veya Boyut:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn biti\u015f sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc veya boyutunu belirleyin. Boyut belirtmek i\u00e7in +G<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin +100G<\/code> 100 GB i\u00e7in) veya +M<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin +500M<\/code> 500 MB i\u00e7in) kullanabilirsiniz.
\n        *   \u00d6rne\u011fin, 100 GB’l\u0131k bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in: +100G<\/code>
\n        *   Diskin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan de\u011feri (son sekt\u00f6r\u00fc) kabul edin.<\/p>\n
4.  \u0130kinci Bir B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma (\u00d6rnek):<\/strong>
\n    Ayn\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tekrarlayarak ba\u015fka bir birincil b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturabilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak 50 GB).<\/p>\n
5.  B\u00f6l\u00fcm Tipini De\u011fi\u015ftirme (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer bir swap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya ba\u015fka \u00f6zel bir tip olu\u015fturuyorsan\u0131z, t<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak b\u00f6l\u00fcm tipini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.
\n    *   De\u011fi\u015ftirmek istedi\u011finiz b\u00f6l\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 girin.
\n    *   Hex kodunu girin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Linux swap i\u00e7in 82<\/code>, Linux dosya sistemi i\u00e7in 83<\/code>‘t\u00fcr. Mevcut kodlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in L<\/code> tu\u015funa basabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
6.  De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Kaydetme:<\/strong>
\n    w<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri diske yaz\u0131n ve fdisk<\/code>‘ten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. Bu ad\u0131m geri al\u0131namaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n
7.  De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u0130ptal Etme:<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydetmeden \u00e7\u0131kmak isterseniz, q<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme sonras\u0131, lsblk<\/code> veya fdisk -l<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinizi kontrol edebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \/dev\/sdb1<\/code> ve \/dev\/sdb2<\/code> gibi.<\/p>\n
gdisk<\/code> ile B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma (GPT Diskler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/h4>\n
gdisk<\/code>, GPT diskler i\u00e7in fdisk<\/code>‘in modern kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Diski Se\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo gdisk \/dev\/sdb<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut sizi gdisk<\/code> komut istemine g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n
2.  Yeni GPT Tablosu Olu\u015fturma (Gerekliyse):<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer disk daha \u00f6nce GPT olarak bi\u00e7imlendirilmemi\u015fse, o<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak yeni bir bo\u015f GPT b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosu olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Bu, mevcut t\u00fcm verileri silecektir. Onaylamak i\u00e7in y<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Mevcut B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Listeleme:<\/strong>
\n    p<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak diskin mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosunu g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4.  Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    n<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n.
\n    *   B\u00f6l\u00fcm Numaras\u0131:<\/strong> 1-128 aras\u0131nda bir numara se\u00e7in (genellikle 1).
\n    *   Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan de\u011feri kabul etmek i\u00e7in Enter’a bas\u0131n.
\n    *   Biti\u015f Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc veya Boyut:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn biti\u015f sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc veya boyutunu belirleyin. Boyut belirtmek i\u00e7in +G<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin +100G<\/code>) veya +M<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz.
\n    *   Hex Kodu veya GUID:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tipini belirleyin. Linux dosya sistemi i\u00e7in 8300<\/code> (veya sadece linux filesystem<\/code>), Linux swap i\u00e7in 8200<\/code> (veya linux swap<\/code>) kullanabilirsiniz. Mevcut kodlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in L<\/code> tu\u015funa basabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
5.  De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Kaydetme:<\/strong>
\n    w<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri diske yaz\u0131n. Onaylamak i\u00e7in y<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
6.  De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u0130ptal Etme:<\/strong>
\n    q<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydetmeden \u00e7\u0131kabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
parted<\/code> ile B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma (MBR\/GPT Diskler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/h4>\n
parted<\/code> daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ve hem MBR hem de GPT disklerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. parted<\/code>‘in \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri an\u0131nda uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r; bu nedenle dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Diski Se\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo parted \/dev\/sdb<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut sizi parted<\/code> komut istemine g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n
2.  B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Tablosu Tipi Belirleme:<\/strong>
\n    Diskin GPT mi yoksa MBR m\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeniz gerekir.
\n    *   GPT i\u00e7in: mklabel gpt<\/code>
\n    *   MBR i\u00e7in: mklabel msdos<\/code>
\n    Onaylamak i\u00e7in Yes<\/code> yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Mevcut B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Listeleme:<\/strong>
\n    print<\/code> komutuyla mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4.  Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    mkpart<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n.
\n    *   B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ad\u0131 (GPT i\u00e7in):<\/strong> GPT disklerde b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere isim verebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, primary<\/code>.
\n    *   Dosya Sistemi Tipi (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00f6nerilir):<\/strong> ext4<\/code>, xfs<\/code>, linux-swap<\/code> gibi dosya sistemi tipini belirtin. parted<\/code> bu bilgiyi sadece meta veri olarak saklar, ger\u00e7ek dosya sistemini daha sonra mkfs<\/code> ile olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.
\n    *   Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Konumu:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 belirtin (\u00f6rne\u011fin 1MiB<\/code> veya 0%<\/code>).
\n    *   Biti\u015f Konumu:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn biti\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 belirtin (\u00f6rne\u011fin 100GiB<\/code> veya 50%<\/code>).<\/p>\n
    \u00d6rnek: 100 GB’l\u0131k bir ext4 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturmak:<\/p>\n
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100GiB<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Kalan alan\u0131 ikinci bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak ay\u0131rmak:<\/p>\n
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 100GiB 100%<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  Bayrak Ekleme (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong>
\n    set<\/code> komutuyla b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere bayraklar ekleyebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \u00f6ny\u00fcklenebilir yapmak i\u00e7in boot<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131).
\n    *   \u00d6rnek: \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6ny\u00fcklenebilir yapmak:<\/p>\n
(parted) set 1 boot on<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.  parted<\/code>‘den \u00c7\u0131kma:<\/strong>
\n    quit<\/code> komutuyla parted<\/code>‘den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fiklikler an\u0131nda uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir kaydetme ad\u0131m\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
Grafik Aray\u00fcz (GParted) ile B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
GParted, disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u00e7in g\u00f6rsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sunar ve \u00f6zellikle yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in daha az korkutucu olabilir.<\/p>\n
1.  GParted’\u0131 Kurma:<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n paket y\u00f6neticisiyle kurun:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install gparted # Debian\/Ubuntu tabanl\u0131\n    sudo dnf install gparted # Fedora tabanl\u0131\n    sudo pacman -S gparted # Arch tabanl\u0131<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  GParted’\u0131 Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    Uygulamalar men\u00fcs\u00fcnden GParted’\u0131 aray\u0131n veya terminalden sudo gparted<\/code> komutuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. K\u00f6k yetkileri isteyecektir.<\/p>\n
3.  Diski Se\u00e7me:<\/strong>
\n    GParted penceresinin sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fesindeki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r men\u00fcden i\u015flem yapmak istedi\u011finiz diski se\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/dev\/sdb<\/code>). Do\u011fru diski se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun!<\/strong><\/p>\n
4.  Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Tablosu Olu\u015fturma (Gerekliyse):<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer disk bo\u015fsa veya mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablosunu silmek istiyorsan\u0131z: Ayg\u0131t (Device) -> Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Tablosu Olu\u015ftur (Create Partition Table)<\/code>. MBR i\u00e7in msdos<\/code>, GPT i\u00e7in gpt<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in ve Uygula (Apply)<\/code>‘ya t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
5.  Yeni B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    *   Diskteki “ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f (unallocated)” alan\u0131 sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Yeni (New)” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n    *   A\u00e7\u0131lan pencerede b\u00f6l\u00fcm boyutunu (MB, GB), dosya sistemini (ext4, swap vb.), b\u00f6l\u00fcm etiketini ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm tipini (birincil, mant\u0131ksal) ayarlay\u0131n.
\n    *   Ekle (Add)<\/code> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
6.  De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Uygulama:<\/strong>
\n    T\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri olu\u015fturduktan sonra, ara\u00e7 \u00e7ubu\u011fundaki “T\u00fcm \u0130\u015flemleri Uygula (Apply All Operations)” (tik i\u015fareti) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n. GParted, yapaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri listeleyecektir. Onaylamak i\u00e7in Uygula (Apply)<\/code>‘ya t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
GParted, g\u00f6rsel geri bildirim ve s\u00fcr\u00fckle-b\u0131rak aray\u00fcz\u00fc sayesinde disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirmeyi daha sezgisel hale getirir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm Olu\u015fturulduktan Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri olu\u015fturmak, s\u00fcrecin sadece ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kullan\u0131labilir hale getirmek i\u00e7in daha fazla i\u015flem yapman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Dosya Sistemi Olu\u015fturma (Formatlama)<\/h4>\n
Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturulduktan sonra, \u00fczerine veri yaz\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bir dosya sistemi ile bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi (formatlanmas\u0131) gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in mkfs<\/code> komut ailesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*   Ext4 Dosya Sistemi Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sdb1<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, \/dev\/sdb1<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ext4 dosya sistemiyle formatlayacakt\u0131r. ext4<\/code> yerine xfs<\/code>, btrfs<\/code>, vfat<\/code> (FAT32) gibi ba\u015fka dosya sistemlerini de kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
*   Swap Alan\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc swap alan\u0131 olarak haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo mkswap \/dev\/sdb2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, \/dev\/sdb2<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc swap alan\u0131 olarak i\u015faretler.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u011flama (Mount Etme)<\/h4>\n
Formatlanan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullanabilmek i\u00e7in bir dizine “ba\u011flaman\u0131z” (mount etmeniz) gerekir.<\/p>\n
1.  Ge\u00e7ici Ba\u011flama:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni bir dizin olu\u015fturun ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc oraya ba\u011flay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir \/mnt\/yeniboyut\n    sudo mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/yeniboyut<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Art\u0131k \/mnt\/yeniboyut<\/code> dizinine eri\u015ferek \/dev\/sdb1<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki verilere ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu ba\u011flama, sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaybolacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2.  Kal\u0131c\u0131 Ba\u011flama (\/etc\/fstab<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Sistem her ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn otomatik olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir. Bu dosya, sistemin hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri nereye ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n
    *   B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn UUID’sini Bulma:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri cihaz ad\u0131 (\/dev\/sdb1<\/code>) yerine UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) ile ba\u011flamak daha g\u00fcvenlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc cihaz adlar\u0131 sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
sudo blkid<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Bu komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda, yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn UUID’sini bulun.<\/p>\n
    *   \/etc\/fstab<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong>
\n        Bir metin d\u00fczenleyiciyle \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Dosyan\u0131n sonuna yeni bir sat\u0131r ekleyin. Sat\u0131r\u0131n format\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n        UUID=     <\/code><\/p>\n
        \u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx \/mnt\/yeniboyut ext4 defaults 0 2<\/code><\/pre>\n
        *   UUID=...<\/code>: B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn UUID’si.
\n        *   \/mnt\/yeniboyut<\/code>: B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 dizin.
\n        *   ext4<\/code>: Dosya sistemi tipi.
\n        *   defaults<\/code>: Genel ba\u011flama se\u00e7enekleri (rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async).
\n        *   0<\/code>: dump<\/code> program\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yedekleyip yedeklemeyece\u011fi (0 = hay\u0131r).
\n        *   2<\/code>: fsck<\/code> program\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol etme s\u0131ras\u0131 (0 = kontrol etme, 1 = k\u00f6k b\u00f6l\u00fcm, 2 = di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmler).<\/p>\n
    *   De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Uygulama ve Kontrol Etme:<\/strong>
\n        \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, t\u00fcm fstab giri\u015flerini ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u015fu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo mount -a<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Herhangi bir hata yoksa, yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz ba\u015far\u0131yla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f demektir. lsblk<\/code> veya df -h<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Swap B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Swap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturduktan sonra, onu sisteme tan\u0131tman\u0131z ve etkinle\u015ftirmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
1.  Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo swapon \/dev\/sdb2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, \/dev\/sdb2<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131nda swap alan\u0131 olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
2.  Kal\u0131c\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme (\/etc\/fstab<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Sistem her ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda swap alan\u0131n\u0131n otomatik olarak etkinle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na bir giri\u015f eklemeniz gerekir.
\n    *   Swap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn UUID’sini bulun (sudo blkid<\/code>).
\n    *   \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir sat\u0131r ekleyin:<\/p>\n
UUID=yyyyyyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyyyyyyyyyy none swap sw 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
        *   UUID=...<\/code>: Swap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn UUID’si.
\n        *   none<\/code>: Swap b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in ba\u011flama noktas\u0131 yoktur.
\n        *   swap<\/code>: Dosya sistemi tipi.
\n        *   sw<\/code>: Swap i\u00e7in \u00f6zel se\u00e7enek.
\n        *   0 0<\/code>: dump<\/code> ve fsck<\/code> i\u00e7in de\u011ferler.<\/p>\n
    free -h<\/code> komutuyla swap alan\u0131n\u0131n etkinle\u015ftirilip etkinle\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   Veri Kayb\u0131:<\/strong> En yayg\u0131n ve en ciddi sorun. Yanl\u0131\u015f disk se\u00e7imi veya yanl\u0131\u015f komut kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fur. Yedekleme, tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/strong>
\n*   Yanl\u0131\u015f Disk Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> \/dev\/sda<\/code> yerine \/dev\/sdb<\/code> \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla ana sistem diskini se\u00e7mek. Komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce lsblk<\/code>, fdisk -l<\/code> veya parted -l<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyin.
\n*   B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Tablosu Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (MBR\/GPT):<\/strong> fdisk<\/code>‘i GPT disklerde veya gdisk<\/code>‘i MBR disklerde kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak. Do\u011fru arac\u0131 do\u011fru disk tipiyle kullan\u0131n.
\n*   Dosya Sistemi Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm formatlanmam\u0131\u015f veya yanl\u0131\u015f dosya sistemiyle formatlanm\u0131\u015f. mkfs<\/code> komutunun do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n*   Ba\u011flama Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u011flanamamas\u0131. Ba\u011flama noktas\u0131n\u0131n var oldu\u011fundan, bo\u015f oldu\u011fundan ve do\u011fru izinlere sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun. \/etc\/fstab<\/code> girdilerini kontrol edin.
\n*   Disk Alan\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fcnmemesi:<\/strong> B\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015far\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve formatlanm\u0131\u015f ancak hala g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor veya kullan\u0131lam\u0131yor. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun (df -h<\/code> veya lsblk<\/code>).<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcmleme Konular\u0131<\/h3>\n
Temel disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirmenin \u00f6tesinde, daha esnek ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc depolama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in baz\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f konular da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
LVM (Logical Volume Manager)<\/h4>\n
LVM, fiziksel depolama birimlerini (diskler veya b\u00f6l\u00fcmler) birle\u015ftirerek mant\u0131ksal birimler olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131yan bir teknolojidir.<\/p>\n
*   Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>
\n    *   Esneklik:<\/strong> Mant\u0131ksal birimleri canl\u0131 olarak (sistem \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken) yeniden boyutland\u0131rabilir, ta\u015f\u0131yabilir veya anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini alabilirsiniz.
\n    *   Kolay Y\u00f6netim:<\/strong> Fiziksel depolaman\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soyutlar ve depolama alan\u0131n\u0131 daha kolay y\u00f6netmenizi sa\u011flar.
\n    *   Birden Fazla Diski Birle\u015ftirme:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 fiziksel disklerdeki alanlar\u0131 tek bir mant\u0131ksal birim olarak birle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
*   Temel Kavramlar:<\/strong>
\n    *   Fiziksel Birimler (PV – Physical Volumes):<\/strong> LVM’nin temelini olu\u015fturan diskler veya disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir.
\n    *   Birim Gruplar\u0131 (VG – Volume Groups):<\/strong> Bir veya daha fazla fiziksel birimin bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu havuzdur.
\n    *   Mant\u0131ksal Birimler (LV – Logical Volumes):<\/strong> Bir birim grubundan ayr\u0131lan ve dosya sistemleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan depolama birimleridir.<\/p>\n
LVM, \u00f6zellikle sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda ve dinamik depolama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olan sistemlerde vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)<\/h4>\n
RAID, birden fazla fiziksel diski bir araya getirerek performans\u0131 art\u0131rma, veri yedeklili\u011fi sa\u011flama veya her ikisini birden yapma teknolojisidir.<\/p>\n
*   Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>
\n    *   Performans:<\/strong> RAID 0 (striping) ile veriler birden fazla diske da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak okuma\/yazma h\u0131zlar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n    *   Hata Tolerans\u0131:<\/strong> RAID 1 (mirroring) ile veriler birden fazla diske kopyalanarak bir disk ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veri kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenir. RAID 5 ve RAID 6 gibi seviyeler, parite bilgileri kullanarak daha fazla disk ar\u0131zas\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Linux’ta yaz\u0131l\u0131msal RAID (mdadm) ile bu yap\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u015eifreli B\u00f6l\u00fcmler (LUKS)<\/h4>\n
Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015feleri olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in, disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini \u015fifrelemek \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS), disk \u015fifreleme i\u00e7in standart bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
*   Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>
\n    *   Veri G\u00fcvenli\u011fi:<\/strong> Disk \u00e7al\u0131nsa veya yetkisiz ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filse bile, \u015fifrelenmi\u015f veriler okunamaz.
\n    *   Gizlilik:<\/strong> Hassas bilgilerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
LUKS ile bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u015fifreledikten sonra, sisteme her ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir parola girmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Linux’ta disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme, sisteminizin temelini olu\u015fturan kritik bir i\u015flemdir. Bu rehberde, MBR ve GPT gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme tablolar\u0131n\u0131n temellerinden, fdisk<\/code>, gdisk<\/code>, parted<\/code> ve GParted gibi pop\u00fcler ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kullan\u0131m\u0131na kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi sunduk. Ayr\u0131ca, b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri formatlama, ba\u011flama ve swap alanlar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirme gibi sonraki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar\u0131 ele ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli nokta, disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u015flemlerinin potansiyel veri kayb\u0131 riski ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir i\u015fleme ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mutlaka verilerinizi yedekleyin ve hangi disk \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan kesinlikle emin olun. Temel disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra LVM, RAID ve LUKS gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f konular\u0131 da ke\u015ffetmek, depolama y\u00f6netimi becerilerinizi bir \u00fcst seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu rehberin, Linux sistemlerinizde disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini g\u00fcvenle ve etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Linux’ta Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (Partitioning) – Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber\nLinux sistemlerde disk y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle de disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (par","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-39080","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nLinux'ta Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme (Partitioning) - Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber - 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