{"id":3898,"date":"2024-11-14T14:45:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T11:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascript-bellek-yonetimi-stack-ve-heape-giris\/"},"modified":"2024-11-14T14:45:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T11:45:12","slug":"javascript-bellek-yonetimi-stack-ve-heape-giris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javascript-bellek-yonetimi-stack-ve-heape-giris\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript Bellek Y\u00f6netimi: Stack ve Heap&#8217;e Giri\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript Bellek Y\u00f6netimi: Stack ve Heap&#8217;e Giri\u015f<\/p>\n<p>JavaScript, modern web geli\u015ftirmenin olmazsa olmazlar\u0131ndan biridir. Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri de bellek y\u00f6netimidir. Bu makalede, JavaScript&#8217;in bellek y\u00f6netiminin temel bile\u015fenleri olan Stack ve Heap&#8217;i ele alarak, bu konuda temel bir anlay\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131z. <\/p>\n<h2>JavaScript&#8217;te Bellek Y\u00f6netimi: Stack ve Heap<\/h2>\n<p>JavaScript&#8217;te de\u011fi\u015fkenler ve veriler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda bellek i\u00e7inde iki ana b\u00f6lgede depolan\u0131r: Stack ve Heap. <\/p>\n<h3>Stack<\/h3>\n<p>Stack, **LIFO (Son Giren \u0130lk \u00c7\u0131kar)** ilkesine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir veri yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, son eklenen verinin ilk \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Stack, fonksiyon \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenler ve basit veri tipleri gibi ge\u00e7ici verileri depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Stack, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimlidir, ancak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir kapasiteye sahiptir. Stack, program y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrken kullan\u0131lan veri ve fonksiyonlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici depolama alan\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. <\/p>\n<p>Stack, program \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken **fonksiyon \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131** ve **yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenler** gibi ge\u00e7ici verileri depolar. Bir fonksiyon \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, fonksiyonun yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ve parametreleri Stack&#8217;e eklenir. Fonksiyon tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler Stack&#8217;ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n<h4>Stack&#8217;in \u00d6zellikleri<\/h4>\n<p>Stack&#8217;in temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>**LIFO (Son Giren \u0130lk \u00c7\u0131kar)**: Stack, son eklenen eleman\u0131n ilk \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir veri yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>**Ge\u00e7ici Depolama Alan\u0131**: Stack, ge\u00e7ici veriler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/li>\n<li>**H\u0131zl\u0131 Eri\u015fim**: Stack, verileri h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li>**S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Kapasite**: Stack&#8217;in kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Heap<\/h3>\n<p>Heap, karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131, nesneler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri gibi daha kal\u0131c\u0131 verileri depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir bellek b\u00f6lgesidir. Heap, **FIFO (\u0130lk Giren \u0130lk \u00c7\u0131kar)** ilkesine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Heap&#8217;te depolanan veriler, **\u00e7\u00f6p toplama mekanizmas\u0131** taraf\u0131ndan temizlenene kadar bellek i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>Heap&#8217;te nesneler, diziler ve fonksiyonlar gibi karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131 depolan\u0131r. Heap, Stack&#8217;e g\u00f6re daha esnek bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veriyi depolayabilir. Ancak Heap&#8217;te veriler Stack&#8217;e g\u00f6re daha yava\u015f eri\u015filebilir. <\/p>\n<h4>Heap&#8217;in \u00d6zellikleri<\/h4>\n<p>Heap&#8217;in temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>**Dinamik Bellek Ay\u0131rma**: Heap&#8217;te dinamik olarak bellek ay\u0131rabilir ve serbest b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li>**Karma\u015f\u0131k Veri Yap\u0131lar\u0131**: Heap, karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131, nesneler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veriyi depolayabilir.<\/li>\n<li>**Yava\u015f Eri\u015fim**: Heap&#8217;te verileri eri\u015fmek Stack&#8217;e g\u00f6re daha yava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>**\u00c7\u00f6p Toplama**: Heap&#8217;te depolanan veriler, art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6p toplama mekanizmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak temizlenir. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Stack ve Heap Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/h2>\n<p>| \u00d6zellik | Stack | Heap |<br \/>\n|&#8212;|&#8212;|&#8212;|<br \/>\n| Veri T\u00fcr\u00fc | Ge\u00e7ici, basit veri tipleri, yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenler | Kal\u0131c\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131, nesneler |<br \/>\n| Eri\u015fim H\u0131z\u0131 | H\u0131zl\u0131 | Yava\u015f |<br \/>\n| Kapasite | S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 | B\u00fcy\u00fck |<br \/>\n| Bellek Y\u00f6netimi | Otomatik (LIFO) | Manuel (\u00e7\u00f6p toplama) |<br \/>\n| \u00d6rnekler | Fonksiyon \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenler | Nesneler, diziler, fonksiyonlar |<\/p>\n<h2>Stack ve Heap \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki JavaScript kodunu ele alal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`javascript<br \/>\nfunction toplama(a, b) {<br \/>\n  let toplam = a + b;<br \/>\n  return toplam;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>let sayi1 = 10;<br \/>\nlet sayi2 = 20;<br \/>\nlet sonuc = toplama(sayi1, sayi2);<br \/>\nconsole.log(sonuc);<br \/>\n&#8220;`<\/p>\n<p>Bu kodda, `toplama()` fonksiyonu, yerel bir de\u011fi\u015fken olan `toplam`&#8217;\u0131 kullan\u0131r. `sayi1`, `sayi2` ve `sonuc` de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ise global de\u011fi\u015fkenlerdir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler, bellekte nas\u0131l depolan\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p>Global de\u011fi\u015fkenler `sayi1`, `sayi2` ve `sonuc` Heap&#8217;te depolan\u0131r. `toplama()` fonksiyonu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, `toplam` yerel de\u011fi\u015fkeni Stack&#8217;te olu\u015fturulur. Fonksiyon tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, `toplam` de\u011fi\u015fkeni Stack&#8217;ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki diyagram, bu \u00f6rne\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hashnode.com\/res\/hashnode\/image\/upload\/v1678485910801\/be58c775-c8c3-42fc-b44e-53e65584c8b0.png\" alt=\"Stack ve Heap Diyagram\u0131\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7\u00f6p Toplama<\/h2>\n<p>Heap&#8217;te depolanan verilerin **\u00e7\u00f6p toplama** mekanizmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlamak \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00f6p toplama mekanizmas\u0131, art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmayan verileri tespit eder ve bellekten temizler. Bu, bellek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. <\/p>\n<p>JavaScript&#8217;in \u00e7\u00f6p toplama mekanizmas\u0131, genellikle **mark and sweep** algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu algoritma, Heap&#8217;teki t\u00fcm nesneleri tarar ve art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmayan nesneleri i\u015faretler. Daha sonra, i\u015faretlenmemi\u015f nesneler bellekten temizlenir. <\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>JavaScript&#8217;in bellek y\u00f6netimi, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Stack ve Heap, JavaScript&#8217;in bellek y\u00f6netimini anlamak i\u00e7in temel kavramlard\u0131r. Bu makalede, Stack ve Heap&#8217;in nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve aralar\u0131ndaki temel farklar\u0131 ele ald\u0131k. \u00c7\u00f6p toplama mekanizmas\u0131, Heap&#8217;teki belle\u011fin etkili bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. <\/p>\n<p>Stack ve Heap&#8217;i anlayarak, JavaScript uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 daha etkili bir \u015fekilde optimize edebilir ve performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz. <\/p>\n<h2>Referanslar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/JavaScript\/Memory_management\">JavaScript Memory Management &#8211; MDN Web Docs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.freecodecamp.org\/news\/javascript-memory-management-a-beginners-guide-to-stack-and-heap\/\">JavaScript Memory Management: A Beginner&#8217;s Guide to Stack and Heap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/\">Fatih Soysal<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#Etiketler: JavaScript, Bellek Y\u00f6netimi, Stack, Heap, \u00c7\u00f6p Toplama, Performans<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"JavaScript Bellek Y\u00f6netimi: Stack ve Heap&#8217;e Giri\u015f JavaScript, modern web geli\u015ftirmenin olmazsa olmazlar\u0131ndan biridir. Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3898","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>JavaScript Bellek Y\u00f6netimi: Stack ve Heap&#039;e Giri\u015f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JavaScript, modern web geli\u015ftirmenin olmazsa olmazlar\u0131ndan biridir. 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