{"id":38663,"date":"2026-02-05T02:40:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T23:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=38663"},"modified":"2026-02-05T02:40:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T23:40:59","slug":"puppet-4u-ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-master-agent-yapilandirmasiyla-kurulumu-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/puppet-4u-ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-master-agent-yapilandirmasiyla-kurulumu-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Puppet 4&#8217;\u00fc Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde Master-Agent Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>Puppet 4&#8217;\u00fc Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde Master-Agent Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k IT altyap\u0131lar\u0131nda sunucu y\u00f6netimi, yap\u0131land\u0131rma otomasyonu ve s\u00fcrekli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m (Continuous Delivery) s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar\u0131ndan biridir. Binlerce sunucuyu tek tek y\u00f6netmek, yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamak, g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 senkronize etmek hem zaman al\u0131c\u0131 hem de hataya a\u00e7\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada <strong>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Y\u00f6netimi (Configuration Management)<\/strong> ara\u00e7lar\u0131 devreye girer. Bu ara\u00e7lar, altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kod olarak tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za (Infrastructure as Code &#8211; IaC) ve bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Puppet, bu alandaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Puppet 4&#8217;\u00fc Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde bir Master-Agent mimarisiyle nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Her ne kadar Ubuntu 14.04 art\u0131k uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) s\u00fcresi sona ermi\u015f eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olsa da, bu rehber, Puppet&#8217;\u0131n temel prensiplerini ve kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir kaynak olacakt\u0131r. Modern i\u015fletim sistemleri ve Puppet s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in de benzer mant\u0131k ve ad\u0131mlar ge\u00e7erlidir, ancak paket isimleri veya dosya yollar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Puppet, sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n istenen bir duruma gelmesini sa\u011flayan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bir Master (ana sunucu) ve Agent (istemci) mimarisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Master sunucu, t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini (manifestler, mod\u00fcller vb.) bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve agent&#8217;lardan gelen yap\u0131land\u0131rma isteklerini i\u015fler. Agent sunucular ise d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla Master&#8217;a ba\u011flanarak kendi yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep eder, Master&#8217;dan gelen katalogu al\u0131r ve bu katalogdaki tan\u0131mlamalara g\u00f6re kendi sistemlerini g\u00fcnceller. Bu sayede, t\u00fcm sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n tutarl\u0131 ve belirlenmi\u015f bir durumda kalmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n<h3>Puppet Nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>Puppet, sunucular\u0131n, cihazlar\u0131n ve yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma y\u00f6netimi arac\u0131d\u0131r. Ruby tabanl\u0131 bir dil olan Puppet DSL (Domain Specific Language) kullanarak altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n istenen durumunu (desired state) tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlar, Puppet Master taraf\u0131ndan derlenir ve Agent&#8217;lar taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131r. Puppet, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve dinamik altyap\u0131larda tutarl\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve otomasyon sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Neden Puppet Kullan\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Otomasyon:<\/strong> Manuel g\u00f6revleri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatikle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tutarl\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> T\u00fcm sunucular\u0131n belirli bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma standard\u0131na uymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, &#8220;yap\u0131land\u0131rma kaymas\u0131&#8221; (configuration drift) sorununu engeller.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u0131z ve G\u00fcvenilirlik:<\/strong> Yeni sunucular\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve insan hatas\u0131 riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Altyap\u0131 Kod Olarak (IaC):<\/strong> Altyap\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 versiyon kontrol sistemleriyle (Git gibi) y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik:<\/strong> Onlarca veya y\u00fczlerce sunucuyu kolayca y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Master-Agent Mimarisi<\/h3>\n<p>Puppet&#8217;\u0131n Master-Agent mimarisi \u015fu temel bile\u015fenlerden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Puppet Master:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 (manifestler ve mod\u00fcller), sertifika yetkilisini (CA) ve Puppet kodunu bar\u0131nd\u0131ran merkezi sunucudur. Agent&#8217;lardan gelen yap\u0131land\u0131rma isteklerini i\u015fler, her agent i\u00e7in bir &#8220;katalog&#8221; derler ve bu katalogu agent&#8217;lara g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Puppet Agent:<\/strong> Y\u00f6netilecek sunuculara kurulan istemci yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla (genellikle 30 dakikada bir) Master&#8217;a ba\u011flan\u0131r, kendi kimli\u011fini kan\u0131tlar, Master&#8217;dan kendisi i\u00e7in derlenmi\u015f katalogu al\u0131r ve bu katalogdaki talimatlar\u0131 kendi sistemine uygular.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sertifika Yetkilisi (CA):<\/strong> Puppet Master, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sertifika yetkilisi g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Master ve Agent aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ileti\u015fim, SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak \u015fifrelenir ve kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, ileti\u015fimin g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00d6nko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n<p>Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0130ki Adet Ubuntu 14.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Bir tanesi Puppet Master, di\u011feri Puppet Agent olarak kullan\u0131lacak. Minimum 2 GB RAM ve 2 CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi \u00f6nerilir, \u00f6zellikle Master i\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Root\/Sudo Eri\u015fimi:<\/strong> Her iki sunucuda da komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00f6netici yetkilerine sahip olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Her iki sunucu aras\u0131nda a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kurabilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hostname ve DNS \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi:<\/strong> Sunucular\u0131n benzersiz ve anlaml\u0131 ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131 (hostnames) olmal\u0131 ve birbirlerini bu adlarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyebilmelidir. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda DNS sunucusu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilirken, bu rehberde basitlik ad\u0131na <code>\/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zaman Senkronizasyonu:<\/strong> Master ve Agent sunucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda zaman senkronizasyonu \u00f6nemlidir (NTP). Sertifika sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bu gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sistem Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n<h3>Hostname ve DNS Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Puppet&#8217;\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in Master ve Agent sunucular\u0131n\u0131n birbirlerini isimleriyle tan\u0131yabilmesi kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu ad\u0131mda, her iki sunucunun ana bilgisayar ad\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayacak ve basit bir DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi i\u00e7in <code>\/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h4>Puppet Master Sunucusunda:<\/h4>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle Master sunucusunun ana bilgisayar ad\u0131n\u0131 ayarlay\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>puppetmaster.example.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo hostname puppetmaster.example.com\necho \"puppetmaster.example.com\" | sudo tee \/etc\/hostname\nsudo sed -i 's\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\\npriv_ip_master\\tpuppetmaster.example.com puppetmaster\/' \/etc\/hosts\n<h2>\u00d6rne\u011fin: sudo sed -i 's\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\\n192.168.1.10\\tpuppetmaster.example.com puppetmaster\/' \/etc\/hosts<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ard\u0131ndan, Agent sunucusunun IP adresini ve ana bilgisayar ad\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131na ekleyin.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo sed -i '$ a\\priv_ip_agent\\tagent.example.com agent' \/etc\/hosts\n<h2>\u00d6rne\u011fin: sudo sed -i '$ a\\192.168.1.20\\tagent.example.com agent' \/etc\/hosts<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Puppet Agent Sunucusunda:<\/h4>\n<p>Benzer \u015fekilde, Agent sunucusunun ana bilgisayar ad\u0131n\u0131 ayarlay\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>agent.example.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo hostname agent.example.com\necho \"agent.example.com\" | sudo tee \/etc\/hostname\nsudo sed -i 's\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\\npriv_ip_agent\\tagent.example.com agent\/' \/etc\/hosts\n<h2>\u00d6rne\u011fin: sudo sed -i 's\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\/127.0.0.1\\tlocalhost\\n192.168.1.20\\tagent.example.com agent\/' \/etc\/hosts<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ve Master sunucusunun IP adresini ve ana bilgisayar ad\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131na ekleyin.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo sed -i '$ a\\priv_ip_master\\tpuppetmaster.example.com puppetmaster' \/etc\/hosts\n<h2>\u00d6rne\u011fin: sudo sed -i '$ a\\192.168.1.10\\tpuppetmaster.example.com puppetmaster\/' \/etc\/hosts<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sunucular\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z veya a\u011f hizmetlerini yeniden y\u00fcklemeniz gerekebilir.<\/<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Puppet 4&#8217;\u00fc Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde Master-Agent Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k IT altyap\u0131lar\u0131","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38663","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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