{"id":38612,"date":"2026-02-04T01:40:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T22:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=38612"},"modified":"2026-02-04T01:40:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T22:40:57","slug":"galera-kumesi-ile-yuksek-erisilebilir-mariadb-10-1-yapilandirmasi-ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/galera-kumesi-ile-yuksek-erisilebilir-mariadb-10-1-yapilandirmasi-ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde\/","title":{"rendered":"Galera K\u00fcmesi ile Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilir MariaDB 10.1 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Galera K\u00fcmesi ile Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilir MariaDB 10.1 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde)<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ve performans\u0131, kritik i\u015f uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir gereklilik haline gelmi\u015ftir. Tek bir veritaban\u0131 sunucusunun ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131, ciddi i\u015f kesintilerine ve veri kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu sorunlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik (High Availability – HA) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri devreye girer. MariaDB Galera K\u00fcmesi, MySQL ve MariaDB i\u00e7in senkron replikasyon sa\u011flayan, \u00e7oklu ana (multi-master) bir k\u00fcme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 16.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde MariaDB 10.1 ve Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Galera K\u00fcmesi, veritaban\u0131 i\u015flemlerini k\u00fcmedeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7o\u011faltarak veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder. Herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme yaz\u0131lan veri, i\u015flem tamamlanmadan \u00f6nce di\u011fer t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde de onaylan\u0131r. Bu, bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 durumunda bile veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve k\u00fcmenin kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesini sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, k\u00fcmedeki her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yaz\u0131labilir oldu\u011fundan (multi-master), uygulama trafi\u011fi herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme y\u00f6nlendirilebilir, bu da y\u00fck dengeleme ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik avantajlar\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

MariaDB 10.1, bu makalenin odak noktas\u0131d\u0131r ve Galera entegrasyonu i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel sunar. Ubuntu 16.04 ise, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) sa\u011flayan ve bir\u00e7ok kurumsal ortamda hala kullan\u0131lan stabil bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu kombinasyon, g\u00fcvenilir ve y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131 altyap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n

Bu makalede, Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin temel prensiplerinden ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, MariaDB ve Galera paketlerinin kurulumu, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, k\u00fcme yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, k\u00fcmenin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve durumunun kontrol edilmesi gibi t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca, olas\u0131 sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri ve k\u00fcme performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmeye y\u00f6nelik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da sunulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar ve Sistem Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve sunucular\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

1. Minimum Sunucu Say\u0131s\u0131<\/h4>\n

Galera K\u00fcmesi, do\u011fru bir “\u00e7o\u011funluk” (quorum) mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tek say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmle (node) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih eder. En az \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 durumunda bile k\u00fcmenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesini ve “b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f beyin” (split-brain) senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemesini sa\u011flar. Bu makalede \u00fc\u00e7 sunucu (node1, node2, node3) \u00fczerinden ilerleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi<\/h4>\n

T\u00fcm sunucularda Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) y\u00fckl\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcncel paketler i\u00e7in sistemin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. A\u011f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Her sunucunun statik bir IP adresine sahip olmas\u0131 ve birbiriyle ileti\u015fim kurabilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin birbirlerinin ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131n\u0131 (hostname) IP adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyebilmesi i\u00e7in \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmak faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek IP adresleri ve hostname’ler:
\n*   node1<\/strong>: 192.168.1.101 (hostname: node1)
\n*   node2<\/strong>: 192.168.1.102 (hostname: node2)
\n*   node3<\/strong>: 192.168.1.103 (hostname: node3)<\/p>\n
Her sunucuda \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin (kendi IP adreslerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n
192.168.1.101 node1\n192.168.1.102 node2\n192.168.1.103 node3<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve her sunucudan di\u011ferlerine ping<\/code> atarak ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 test edin.<\/p>\n
4. Root veya Sudo Yetkisi<\/h4>\n
Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 veya sudo<\/code> yetkisine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n
5. Mevcut MySQL\/MariaDB Kurulumunun Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucularda daha \u00f6nce bir MySQL veya MariaDB kurulumu varsa, Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve veri dizinlerinin temizlenmesi \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop mysql\nsudo apt purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common -y\nsudo apt purge mariadb-server mariadb-client mariadb-common -y\nsudo rm -rf \/var\/lib\/mysql\nsudo apt autoremove -y\nsudo apt clean<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ad\u0131m\u0131 her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Her Sunucuda MariaDB ve Galera Paketlerinin Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
MariaDB 10.1, Ubuntu 16.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda do\u011frudan bulunmayabilir veya g\u00fcncel olmayabilir. Bu nedenle, MariaDB’nin resmi deposunu eklemek en iyi yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. MariaDB APT Deposunun Eklenmesi<\/h4>\n
Her sunucuda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https -y\nsudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8\nsudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http:\/\/mirror.mariadb.org\/repo\/10.1\/ubuntu xenial main'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki add-apt-repository<\/code> komutu, MariaDB 10.1’in Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial) i\u00e7in uygun deposunu ekleyecektir.<\/p>\n
2. Paket Listesinin G\u00fcncellenmesi ve Kurulum<\/h4>\n
Depoyu ekledikten sonra, paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin ve MariaDB sunucusu, istemcisi ve Galera paketlerini y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update\nsudo apt install mariadb-server galera mariadb-client -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda MariaDB root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015fifre belirlemeniz istenebilir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fifre belirledi\u011finizden emin olun.<\/p>\n
3. MariaDB Servisinin Durdurulmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Galera yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce MariaDB servisini durdurun ve \u00f6ny\u00fcklemede otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n. Bu, k\u00fcme ba\u015flatma s\u00fcrecini manuel olarak kontrol etmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop mariadb\nsudo systemctl disable mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ad\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fcmedeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (UFW)<\/h3>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda sorunsuz ileti\u015fim kurabilmesi i\u00e7in belirli portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ubuntu’da varsay\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 olan UFW’yi (Uncomplicated Firewall) yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z. Her sunucuda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki portlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
*   3306\/tcp<\/strong>: MariaDB\/MySQL istemci ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in.
\n*   4567\/tcp<\/strong>: Galera Replication (IST\/SST) i\u00e7in.
\n*   4568\/tcp<\/strong>: State Snapshot Transfer (SST) i\u00e7in (rsync tabanl\u0131 SST kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa).
\n*   4444\/tcp<\/strong>: State Snapshot Transfer (SST) i\u00e7in (mysqldump tabanl\u0131 SST kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, ancak 10.1’de rsync daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r).
\n*   K\u00fcme d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin birbirine t\u00fcm portlardan eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (kendi IP adreslerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n
# MariaDB istemci ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in\nsudo ufw allow 3306\/tcp\n\n
Galera replication (IST) ve SST i\u00e7in<\/h2>\nsudo ufw allow 4567\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 4568\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 4444\/tcp\n\n
K\u00fcme d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin birbirine eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131, daha g\u00fcvenli bir y\u00f6ntem)<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler ayn\u0131 a\u011fdaysa, bu kurallar yeterli olabilir.<\/h2>\n
Daha daralt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kurallar i\u00e7in:<\/h2>\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.101 to any port 3306,4567,4568,4444\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.102 to any port 3306,4567,4568,4444\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.103 to any port 3306,4567,4568,4444\n\n
UFW'yi etkinle\u015ftirin<\/h2>\nsudo ufw enable\nsudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ad\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fcmedeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: MariaDB Galera K\u00fcme Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. MariaDB 10.1’de, Galera yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir dosyada (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d\/50-galera.cnf<\/code>) tutmak daha d\u00fczenli bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her sunucuda \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d\/50-galera.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun veya d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d\/50-galera.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in wsrep_node_address<\/code> ve wsrep_node_name<\/code> parametrelerini kendi IP adresi ve ana bilgisayar ad\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlamay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
[mysqld]\n
Genel MariaDB ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nbind-address = 0.0.0.0\ndatadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql\nsocket=\/var\/run\/mysqld\/mysqld.sock\nlog-error=\/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log\npid-file=\/var\/run\/mysqld\/mysqld.pid\n\n
Galera i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ayarlar<\/h2>\nbinlog_format=ROW\ndefault_storage_engine=InnoDB\ninnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2\nquery_cache_size=0\nquery_cache_type=0\n
E\u011fer k\u00fcme yazma \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorsa, innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 veya 2 denenebilir<\/h2>\n
ancak veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan (1) \u00f6nerilir.<\/h2>\n\n
Galera Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nwsrep_on=ON\nwsrep_provider=\/usr\/lib\/galera\/libgalera_smm.so\n
Ubuntu 16.04'te bu yol do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m veya versiyonda kontrol edin.<\/h2>\n\n
Galera K\u00fcme Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nwsrep_cluster_address=\"gcomm:\/\/192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102,192.168.1.103\"\n
Bu, k\u00fcmedeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin IP adreslerini i\u00e7erir.<\/h2>\n
\u0130lk ba\u015flatmada bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131labilir (gcomm:\/\/), ancak daha sonra t\u00fcm adresleri eklemek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/h2>\n\nwsrep_cluster_name=\"my_galera_cluster\"\n
K\u00fcmenize bir isim verin. T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131.<\/h2>\n\nwsrep_node_address=\"192.168.1.101\" # node1 i\u00e7in: 192.168.1.101, node2 i\u00e7in: 192.168.1.102, vb.\nwsrep_node_name=\"node1\"         # node1 i\u00e7in: node1, node2 i\u00e7in: node2, vb.\n\n
State Snapshot Transfer (SST) Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nwsrep_sst_method=rsync\n
Di\u011fer se\u00e7enekler: mariabackup, xtrabackup, mysqldump. rsync genellikle en kolay ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/h2>\n\n
wsrep_sst_auth=\"sst_user:sst_password\"<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer rsync d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir SST y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa veya rsync i\u00e7in belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 isteniyorsa.<\/h2>\n
Bu durumda, MariaDB'de 'sst_user' ve 'sst_password' ile bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h2>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin: GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON .<\/em> TO 'sst_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'sst_password';<\/h2>\n\n
Di\u011fer Galera Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\nwsrep_slave_threads=4\n
CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi say\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n. Genellikle CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131 kadar veya 2 kat\u0131 olabilir.<\/h2>\n
wsrep_cert_deps_distance=1<\/h2>\n
wsrep_provider_options=\"gcache.size=128M\"<\/h2>\n
wsrep_debug=ON # Sorun giderme i\u00e7in yararl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak \u00fcretimde KAPALI olmal\u0131.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Parametrelerinin A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
*   bind-address = 0.0.0.0<\/code><\/strong>: MariaDB’nin t\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesini sa\u011flar. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ile birlikte kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*   binlog_format=ROW<\/code><\/strong>: Galera K\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ayard\u0131r. Sat\u0131r tabanl\u0131 ikili g\u00fcnl\u00fckleme, veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   default_storage_engine=InnoDB<\/code><\/strong>: Galera, yaln\u0131zca InnoDB depolama motorunu destekler.
\n*   innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2<\/code><\/strong>: \u00c7oklu ana ortamda otomatik artan (auto-increment) de\u011ferlerin do\u011fru \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.
\n*   query_cache_size=0<\/code>, query_cache_type=0<\/code><\/strong>: Galera K\u00fcmesi’nde sorgu \u00f6nbelle\u011fi tutars\u0131zl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi i\u00e7in devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.
\n*   wsrep_on=ON<\/code><\/strong>: Galera eklentisini etkinle\u015ftirir.
\n*   wsrep_provider=\/usr\/lib\/galera\/libgalera_smm.so<\/code><\/strong>: Galera k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin yolunu belirtir.
\n*   wsrep_cluster_address=\"gcomm:\/\/IP1,IP2,IP3\"<\/code><\/strong>: K\u00fcmedeki di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin IP adreslerini veya ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131n\u0131 virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak belirtir. gcomm:\/\/<\/code> protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r. K\u00fcme ilk kez ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131rken, bu parametre bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131labilir (gcomm:\/\/<\/code>) veya sadece ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn adresiyle ba\u015flat\u0131labilir. Ancak k\u00fcme tam olarak kuruldu\u011funda, t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin adreslerini i\u00e7ermesi \u00f6nerilir.
\n*   wsrep_cluster_name=\"my_galera_cluster\"<\/code><\/strong>: K\u00fcmenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*   wsrep_node_address=\"this_node_ip\"<\/code><\/strong>: Mevcut d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn kendi IP adresini belirtir.
\n*   wsrep_node_name=\"this_node_name\"<\/code><\/strong>: Mevcut d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn benzersiz ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   wsrep_sst_method=rsync<\/code><\/strong>: State Snapshot Transfer (SST) y\u00f6ntemini belirtir. Bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm k\u00fcme kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya senkronizasyonunu kaybetti\u011finde, di\u011fer bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden tam bir veri kopyas\u0131 almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. rsync<\/code> basit ve etkili bir y\u00f6ntemdir. mariabackup<\/code> (MariaDB 10.1’de mariabackup<\/code> veya xtrabackup<\/code> olarak bilinir) daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir se\u00e7enektir ve s\u0131cak yedekleme sa\u011flar, ancak ek kurulum gerektirir.
\n*   wsrep_sst_auth=\"sst_user:sst_password\"<\/code><\/strong>: E\u011fer SST y\u00f6ntemi kimlik do\u011frulama gerektiriyorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin mariabackup<\/code> veya xtrabackup<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa), bu parametre ile bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre belirtilebilir. rsync<\/code> i\u00e7in genellikle gerekli de\u011fildir.
\n*   wsrep_slave_threads<\/code><\/strong>: Replikasyon olaylar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirler. CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re optimize edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in, kendi wsrep_node_address<\/code> ve wsrep_node_name<\/code> de\u011ferlerini do\u011fru \u015fekilde ayarlayarak kaydedin.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: K\u00fcmenin Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi’ni ba\u015flatma i\u015flemi, ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn “\u00f6ny\u00fcklenmesi” (bootstrap) ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin bu k\u00fcmeye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde iki a\u015famadan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
1. \u0130lk D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 (Bootstrap)<\/h4>\n
Sadece k\u00fcmenin ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde (\u00f6rne\u011fin node1) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak k\u00fcmeyi \u00f6ny\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo galera_new_cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, MariaDB servisini wsrep-new-cluster<\/code> parametresiyle ba\u015flat\u0131r ve k\u00fcmenin ilk \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\nServisin durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servis \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmal\u0131. MariaDB loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek k\u00fcme durumunu do\u011frulayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Loglarda [Note] WSREP: Cluster UUID: ...<\/code> ve [Note] WSREP: Flow Control interval: ...<\/code> gibi mesajlar g\u00f6rmelisiniz.
\nMariaDB istemcisine ba\u011flan\u0131n ve k\u00fcme boyutunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eifrenizi girin ve ard\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';<\/code><\/pre>\n
wsrep_cluster_size<\/code> de\u011feri 1<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
2. Di\u011fer D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin K\u00fcme Kat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri (node2, node3) s\u0131ras\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131n. Bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki wsrep_cluster_address<\/code> parametresini kullanarak mevcut k\u00fcmeye kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131r.
\nDi\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde (node2, node3) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start mariadb\nsudo systemctl enable mariadb # Art\u0131k otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliriz<\/code><\/pre>\n
Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde MariaDB servisi ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, loglar\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Loglarda [Note] WSREP: Member ... joined cluster ...<\/code> gibi mesajlar g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, State Transfer (SST veya IST) s\u00fcrecini de g\u00f6zlemleyebilirsiniz. E\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ilk kez kat\u0131l\u0131yorsa, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla bir SST (State Snapshot Transfer) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir, yani k\u00fcmenin mevcut bir \u00fcyesinden tam bir veri kopyas\u0131 alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in, herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden MariaDB istemcisine ba\u011flan\u0131n ve k\u00fcme boyutunu tekrar kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p -e \"SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra wsrep_cluster_size<\/code> de\u011feri 3<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: K\u00fcme Durumunun Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n
K\u00fcmenin genel durumunu ve her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn replikasyon durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli SHOW STATUS<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eifrenizi girin ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';\n-- K\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler kat\u0131ld\u0131ysa 3 olmal\u0131.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_status';\n-- K\u00fcmenin durumunu g\u00f6sterir. \"Primary\" olmal\u0131. \"Non-Primary\" ise sorun var demektir.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_local_state_comment';\n-- Mevcut d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn durumunu g\u00f6sterir. \"Synced\" olmal\u0131.\n-- \"Donor\/Desynced\" veya \"Joining\" gibi durumlar ge\u00e7icidir.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_ready';\n-- Mevcut d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn yazmaya haz\u0131r olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \"ON\" olmal\u0131.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_connected';\n-- Mevcut d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u00fcme a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \"ON\" olmal\u0131.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_flow_control_paused';\n-- K\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki ak\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ne kadar s\u00fcreyle duraklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.\n-- Y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler, k\u00fcmenin yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve replikasyonun geride kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir.\n\nSHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_incoming_addresses';\n-- K\u00fcmedeki di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin adreslerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin wsrep_local_state_comment<\/code> de\u011ferinin Synced<\/code> ve wsrep_ready<\/code> de\u011ferinin ON<\/code> oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: Galera K\u00fcmesi \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/h3>\n
MariaDB kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda root \u015fifresini ayarlam\u0131\u015f olsan\u0131z bile, uygulama ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturmak iyi bir g\u00fcvenlik uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, wsrep_sst_auth<\/code> kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, SST kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
1. Root \u015eifresinin Ayarlanmas\u0131 (Gerekirse)<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda root \u015fifresi belirlenmediyse veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isterseniz:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, root \u015fifresini ayarlama, anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131rma, uzaktan root giri\u015fini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma ve test veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rma gibi g\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131mlar\u0131nda size rehberlik edecektir. Bu ad\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fcmedeki sadece bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde<\/strong> yapman\u0131z yeterlidir, de\u011fi\u015fiklikler otomatik olarak di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Uygulama Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n
CREATE USER 'app_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password';\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON your_database_name.* TO 'app_user'@'%';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
your_database_name<\/code> ve your_strong_password<\/code> de\u011ferlerini kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirin. '%'<\/code> yerine belirli bir IP adresi veya a\u011f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirterek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
3. SST Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma (E\u011fer wsrep_sst_auth<\/code> Kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa)<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer wsrep_sst_auth<\/code> parametresini yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda kulland\u0131ysan\u0131z, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
CREATE USER 'sst_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'sst_password';\nGRANT RELOAD, PROCESS, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON .<\/em> TO 'sst_user'@'localhost';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya localhost<\/code> \u00fczerinden eri\u015fim izni verilmesi yeterlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc SST i\u015flemi genellikle yerel olarak ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 7: K\u00fcme Testi<\/h3>\n
K\u00fcmenin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 testler yapal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
1. Veri Senkronizasyonu Testi<\/h4>\n
*   node1’de<\/strong>: Bir veritaban\u0131 ve tablo olu\u015fturun, veri ekleyin.<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE test_db;\n    USE test_db;\n    CREATE TABLE messages (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, text VARCHAR(255));\n    INSERT INTO messages (text) VALUES ('Hello from node1!');<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   node2’de<\/strong>: Olu\u015fturulan veritaban\u0131n\u0131 ve tabloyu sorgulayarak verilerin senkronize oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
USE test_db;\n    SELECT * FROM messages;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Hello from node1!<\/code> mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.
\n*   node3’te<\/strong>: Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde veri ekleyin.<\/p>\n
USE test_db;\n    INSERT INTO messages (text) VALUES ('Hello from node3!');<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   node1’de veya node2’de<\/strong>: Tekrar sorgulayarak t\u00fcm verilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
USE test_db;\n    SELECT * FROM messages;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Hem Hello from node1!<\/code> hem de Hello from node3!<\/code> mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu, \u00e7oklu ana yazma yetene\u011fini ve senkron replikasyonu do\u011frular.<\/p>\n
2. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Ar\u0131zas\u0131 ve Geri Y\u00fckleme Testi (IST\/SST Testi)<\/h4>\n
*   node2’yi durdurun<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   node1 veya node3’ten k\u00fcme boyutunu kontrol edin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Boyut 2<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyor.
\n*   node2’yi tekrar ba\u015flat\u0131n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   node2’nin loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u00fcme kat\u0131l\u0131rken IST (Incremental State Transfer) veya SST (State Snapshot Transfer) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir veri de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi varsa IST, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fark varsa SST ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\n*   T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerden k\u00fcme boyutunu kontrol edin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size';<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Boyut tekrar 3<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. wsrep_local_state_comment<\/code> ve wsrep_ready<\/code> de\u011ferlerinin Synced<\/code> ve ON<\/code> oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Bu testler, k\u00fcmenizin temel i\u015flevselli\u011fini ve hata tolerans\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 8: Y\u00fck Dengeleme ve Otomatik Hata Devralma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nemli)<\/h3>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik sa\u011flarken, uygulamalar\u0131n k\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere nas\u0131l ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00fck dengeleyiciye ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Do\u011frudan bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme ba\u011flanmak yerine, bir y\u00fck dengeleyici veya veritaban\u0131 proxy’si kullanmak, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ar\u0131zas\u0131ndan etkilenmemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1. ProxySQL<\/h4>\n
ProxySQL, MySQL\/MariaDB i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilir bir proxy’dir. Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirebilir, sorgular\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alabilir ve arka u\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin durumunu izleyerek ar\u0131zal\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri otomatik olarak trafikten \u00e7\u0131karabilir.
\n*   Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong>: Okuma\/yazma ay\u0131rma, sorgu yeniden yazma, arka u\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin otomatik tespiti ve izlenmesi.
\n*   Kurulum<\/strong>: Ayr\u0131 bir sunucuya kurulur ve Galera d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerini arka u\u00e7 olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. HAProxy<\/h4>\n
HAProxy, genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir TCP\/HTTP y\u00fck dengeleyicidir. MariaDB ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda dengelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.
\n*   Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong>: Basit yap\u0131land\u0131rma, geni\u015f kullan\u0131m alan\u0131.
\n*   Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong>: Veritaban\u0131 protokol\u00fcne \u00f6zel bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoktur, sorgu y\u00f6nlendirmesi yapamaz.<\/p>\n
3. Keepalived (Sanal IP ile)<\/h4>\n
Keepalived, bir sanal IP adresi (VIP) kullanarak otomatik hata devralma (failover) sa\u011flar. \u0130ki veya daha fazla sunucu aras\u0131nda bir VIP’yi payla\u015f\u0131r ve birincil sunucu ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda VIP’yi otomatik olarak yedek sunucuya ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu, uygulamalar\u0131n her zaman ayn\u0131 IP adresi \u00fczerinden k\u00fcme eri\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Keepalived genellikle bir y\u00fck dengeleyici (ProxySQL veya HAProxy) ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fck dengeleyici veya proxy \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin kurulumu bu makalenin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmakla birlikte, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin tam potansiyelini kullanmak i\u00e7in \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilirler.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
1. K\u00fcmenin Ba\u015flamamas\u0131 veya D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin Kat\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131<\/strong>: En yayg\u0131n sorundur. Gerekli t\u00fcm portlar\u0131n (3306, 4567, 4568, 4444) t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Yanl\u0131\u015f IP Adresleri<\/strong>: wsrep_node_address<\/code> ve wsrep_cluster_address<\/code> parametrelerindeki IP adreslerinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Yanl\u0131\u015f Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Yolu<\/strong>: wsrep_provider<\/code> yolunun (\/usr\/lib\/galera\/libgalera_smm.so<\/code>) do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Loglar\u0131 Kontrol Edin<\/strong>: \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyin. Hata mesajlar\u0131 sorunun k\u00f6kenini genellikle a\u00e7\u0131klar.
\n*   \u0130lk D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Bootstrap Edildi mi?<\/strong>: Di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn galera_new_cluster<\/code> ile ba\u015far\u0131yla bootstrap edildi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
2. SST Hatalar\u0131 (State Snapshot Transfer)<\/h4>\n
*   Yeterli Disk Alan\u0131<\/strong>: SST s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaynak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden hedef d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme tam bir veri kopyas\u0131 aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Hedef d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde yeterli disk alan\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   SST Y\u00f6ntemi ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Yetkileri<\/strong>: E\u011fer rsync<\/code> d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir SST y\u00f6ntemi (\u00f6rne\u011fin mariabackup<\/code>) kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, SST kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gerekli yetkilere sahip oldu\u011fundan ve wsrep_sst_auth<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n*   Firewall<\/strong>: SST i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan portlar\u0131n (4567, 4568, 4444) a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   rsync’in Y\u00fckl\u00fc Olmas\u0131<\/strong>: E\u011fer wsrep_sst_method=rsync<\/code> kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, rsync<\/code> paketinin t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan emin olun (sudo apt install rsync -y<\/code>).<\/p>\n
3. Performans Sorunlar\u0131 ve Yazma \u00c7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   binlog_format=ROW<\/code><\/strong>: Bu ayar\u0131n zorunlu ve do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2<\/code><\/strong>: Bu ayar, \u00e7oklu ana yazma ortam\u0131nda otomatik artan de\u011ferlerin do\u011fru i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in kritiktir.
\n*   query_cache<\/code><\/strong>: Galera K\u00fcmesi’nde sorgu \u00f6nbelle\u011fi kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (query_cache_size=0<\/code>, query_cache_type=0<\/code>).
\n*   Uygulama Tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>: Galera senkron replikasyon kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 sat\u0131r \u00fczerinde s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan yazma i\u015flemleri (write conflicts) performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden olabilir. Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.
\n*   A\u011f Gecikmesi<\/strong>: D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f gecikmesi (latency), senkron replikasyon performans\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin fiziksel olarak birbirine yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikmeli bir a\u011fda bulunmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
4. B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Beyin (Split-Brain) Senaryosu<\/h4>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi, tek say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmle (genellikle 3 veya 5) \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f beyin senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer k\u00fcme iki e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrse (\u00f6rne\u011fin 4 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir k\u00fcmede 2+2), her iki taraf da “\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa” sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek kendini durdurabilir veya birisi yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla birincil olarak devam edebilir. Tek say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmle, her zaman bir taraf \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olacak ve k\u00fcme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edecektir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucular\u0131 \u00fczerinde MariaDB 10.1 kullanarak y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilir bir Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Galera K\u00fcmesi, senkron replikasyon, \u00e7oklu ana yazma yetene\u011fi ve otomatik d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm kurtarma \u00f6zellikleriyle modern veritaban\u0131 altyap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, MariaDB ve Galera paketlerinin do\u011fru \u015fekilde kurulmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki kritik parametrelerin ayarlanmas\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir k\u00fcme kurulumunun temelini olu\u015fturur. K\u00fcmenin \u00f6ny\u00fcklenmesi ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin kat\u0131lmas\u0131, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m izlenmesi gereken hassas bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Kurulum sonras\u0131 k\u00fcme durumunu kontrol etmek ve veri senkronizasyonunu test etmek, sistemin beklenen \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin tam potansiyelini kullanmak i\u00e7in ProxySQL veya HAProxy gibi bir y\u00fck dengeleyici entegrasyonu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Bu t\u00fcr ara\u00e7lar, uygulamalar\u0131n k\u00fcmedeki herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ar\u0131zas\u0131ndan etkilenmeden veritaban\u0131na eri\u015fmeye devam etmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Galera K\u00fcmesi’nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik ve veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f s\u00fcreklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar sunar. Ancak, senkron replikasyonun do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, y\u00fcksek yazma y\u00fcklerinde veya co\u011frafi olarak da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde a\u011f gecikmesi nedeniyle performans etkileri olabilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulama mimarisinin bu \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak tasarlanmas\u0131, Galera K\u00fcmesi’nden en iyi verimi alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bu rehberin, MariaDB Galera K\u00fcmesi’ni ba\u015far\u0131yla yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir yol haritas\u0131 sunmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Galera K\u00fcmesi ile Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilir MariaDB 10.1 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde)\nGiri\u015f\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen dijital d\u00fcnya","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38612","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nGalera K\u00fcmesi ile Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilir MariaDB 10.1 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde) - 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