{"id":38554,"date":"2026-02-02T18:41:40","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T15:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=38554"},"modified":"2026-02-02T18:41:40","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T15:41:40","slug":"struts2-nedir-neden-kullanilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/struts2-nedir-neden-kullanilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Struts2 Nedir? Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n
Struts2 Nedir? Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n
Struts2, Apache Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen, Java tabanl\u0131 bir web uygulama \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 (framework) olup, Model-View-Controller (MVC) tasar\u0131m desenini temel al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k kurumsal uygulamalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde, i\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sunum katman\u0131ndan ay\u0131rarak kodun daha d\u00fczenli, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve test edilebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Struts2’nin Temel Avantajlar\u0131:<\/h3>\n
\n
MVC Mimarisi:<\/b> \u0130\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Model), g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm (View) ve kontrolc\u00fc (Controller) aras\u0131nda net bir ayr\u0131m sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
POJO Tabanl\u0131 Action’lar:<\/b> Struts1’in aksine, Action s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir aray\u00fcz\u00fc uygulamas\u0131na veya bir temel s\u0131n\u0131ftan miras almas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Bu, daha esnek ve test edilebilir kod yaz\u0131m\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
Interceptor Mimarisi:<\/b> \u0130stek i\u015fleme ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mekanizma sunar. Kimlik do\u011frulama, yetkilendirme, loglama, dosya y\u00fckleme, do\u011frulama gibi ortak g\u00f6revleri Action’lardan ay\u0131rarak kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
Value Stack ve OGNL:<\/b> Verilerin Action’lar ve View’ler aras\u0131nda kolayca aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mekanizmad\u0131r. OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) ile Value Stack \u00fczerindeki verilere kolayca eri\u015filir.<\/li>\n
Plugin Deste\u011fi:<\/b> JSON, REST, Spring entegrasyonu gibi bir\u00e7ok ek \u00f6zellik plugin’ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kolayca eklenebilir.<\/li>\n
Form Do\u011frulama:<\/b> Hem XML tabanl\u0131 hem de programatik olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek form do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131 sunar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Struts2’nin Temel Bile\u015fenleri ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi<\/h2>\n
Struts2’nin mimarisi, bir dizi bile\u015fenin uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu bile\u015fenleri anlamak, framework’\u00fcn nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavraman\u0131n anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. Action<\/h3>\n
Struts2’deki Action’lar, kullan\u0131c\u0131 isteklerini i\u015fleyen ve i\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren POJO (Plain Old Java Object) s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle, iste\u011fi i\u015fleyen ve bir sonu\u00e7 kodu (\u00f6rn. “success”, “error”, “input”) d\u00f6nd\u00fcren bir execute()<\/code> metodu i\u00e7erirler. Bu sonu\u00e7 kodu, hangi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6sterilece\u011fine karar verir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek Action S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131:<\/h4>\n
\npackage com.example.actions;\n\nimport com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;\n\npublic class MerhabaAction extends ActionSupport {\n\n private String kullaniciAdi; \/\/ Formdan gelecek veri\n\n public String getKullaniciAdi() {\n return kullaniciAdi;\n }\n\n public void setKullaniciAdi(String kullaniciAdi) {\n this.kullaniciAdi = kullaniciAdi;\n }\n\n @Override\n public String execute() throws Exception {\n if (kullaniciAdi != null && !kullaniciAdi.isEmpty()) {\n \/\/ \u0130\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 burada y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir\n addActionMessage(\"Merhaba, \" + kullaniciAdi + \"!\");\n return SUCCESS; \/\/ Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7\n }\n addActionError(\"Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.\");\n return INPUT; \/\/ Formu tekrar g\u00f6ster\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. Interceptor (Araya Girici)<\/h3>\n
Interceptor’lar, bir Action \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce veya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra belirli g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren nesnelerdir. Zincirleme bir yap\u0131ya sahiptirler ve her istek i\u00e7in bir dizi Interceptor s\u0131rayla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131, Action’lar\u0131 tekrar eden veya \u00e7apraz kesen endi\u015felerden (cross-cutting concerns) ar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Bir Action’\u0131n execute()<\/code> metodu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen String de\u011feri, hangi Result’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Result’lar, Action’\u0131n i\u015fi bittikten sonra kullan\u0131c\u0131ya hangi kayna\u011f\u0131n (genellikle bir JSP sayfas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir Action veya bir y\u00f6nlendirme) g\u00f6sterilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n
\n
Yayg\u0131n Result Tipleri:<\/b> dispatcher<\/code> (JSP veya HTML sayfas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirir), redirect<\/code> (istemci taraf\u0131nda yeni bir URL’ye y\u00f6nlendirme yapar), chain<\/code> (ba\u015fka bir Action’\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r), stream<\/code> (dosya indirme i\u00e7in), json<\/code> (JSON verisi d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. Value Stack ve OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language)<\/h3>\n
Value Stack:<\/b> Her HTTP iste\u011fi i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan, Action nesnesi ve di\u011fer ilgili nesneleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin ModelDriven aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayan nesneler) i\u00e7eren ge\u00e7ici bir veri yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. View katman\u0131nda (JSP) Action \u00f6zelliklerine eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
OGNL:<\/b> Value Stack \u00fczerindeki verilere eri\u015fmek, manip\u00fcle etmek ve ifade de\u011ferlendirmesi yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ifade dilidir. Struts2 etiketleri (<\/code>, <\/code> vb.) OGNL kullanarak Value Stack’ten veri \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
Struts2 Konfig\u00fcrasyonu ve \u0130stek Ya\u015fam D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n
Struts2’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, web.xml<\/code> ve struts.xml<\/code> dosyalar\u0131ndaki konfig\u00fcrasyonlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stek ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, bir talebin gelmesinden yan\u0131t\u0131n d\u00f6nmesine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreci a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n
1. web.xml Konfig\u00fcrasyonu<\/h3>\n
Her Struts2 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n web.xml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter<\/code> filtresi tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu filtre, t\u00fcm gelen istekleri yakalar ve Struts2 framework’\u00fcne y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/p>\n
struts.xml<\/code>, Struts2 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n ana konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. Action’lar, Result’lar, Interceptor’lar ve paketler burada tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n
Package:<\/b> Benzer Action’lar\u0131 ve Result’lar\u0131 gruplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. extends=\"struts-default\"<\/code> ifadesi, Struts2’nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan Interceptor’lar ve Result tiplerini miras almay\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
Namespace:<\/b> Action’lar\u0131 mant\u0131ksal olarak ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (\u00f6rn. \/admin<\/code>, \/user<\/code>).<\/li>\n
Action Mapping:<\/b> Bir URL’yi bir Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na e\u015fler ve o Action i\u00e7in hangi Result’lar\u0131n hangi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlere gidece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0130stek Gelmesi:<\/b> Kullan\u0131c\u0131 bir web iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir (\u00f6rn. http:\/\/localhost:8080\/app\/merhaba.action<\/code>).<\/li>\n
Action Metodunun \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/b> Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ilgili metodu (genellikle execute()<\/code>) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
Interceptor Zincirinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Son \u0130\u015fleme):<\/b> Action metodu d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Interceptor’lar ters s\u0131rada tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r (\u00f6rn. loglama, kaynak temizleme).<\/li>\n
Result’\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/b> Action metodundan d\u00f6nen String de\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen Result tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (\u00f6rn. bir JSP sayfas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirme).<\/li>\n
Yan\u0131t G\u00f6nderme:<\/b> Sonu\u00e7 olarak olu\u015fturulan web sayfas\u0131 veya veri kullan\u0131c\u0131ya geri g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Pratik Konular ve \u0130leri Seviye \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n
1. Form Do\u011frulama (Validation)<\/h3>\n
Struts2, form verilerini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc mekanizmalar sunar. Hem XML tabanl\u0131 hem de programatik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
\n
XML Tabanl\u0131 Do\u011frulama:<\/b> Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu pakette ActionClassName-validation.xml<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturularak yap\u0131l\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n ve basit do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/li>\n
Programatik Do\u011frulama:<\/b> Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda validate()<\/code> metodunu override ederek veya ValidationAware<\/code> aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha karma\u015f\u0131k i\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektiren do\u011frulamalar i\u00e7in idealdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00d6rnek XML Tabanl\u0131 Do\u011frulama (MerhabaAction-validation.xml):<\/h4>\n
Struts2’nin mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, bir\u00e7ok ek \u00f6zellik plugin’ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sisteme entegre edilebilir. En pop\u00fcler plugin’lerden baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n
Struts2 JSON Plugin:<\/b> Action’lardan kolayca JSON yan\u0131tlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
Struts2 REST Plugin:<\/b> RESTful web servisleri geli\u015ftirmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
Struts2 Spring Plugin:<\/b> Spring framework ile entegrasyonu sa\u011flar, Action’lar\u0131n Spring bean’leri olarak y\u00f6netilmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n
Struts2, Java tabanl\u0131 web uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve olgun bir MVC framework’\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Interceptor mimarisi, Value Stack ve OGNL gibi \u00f6zellikleri, geli\u015ftiricilere esneklik ve kontrol sa\u011flar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeni projelerde Spring MVC, Spring Boot gibi daha modern framework’ler tercih edilse de, Struts2 hala bir\u00e7ok mevcut kurumsal uygulamada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve bu nedenle hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Interceptor’lar:<\/b> Struts2’de Interceptor mimarisi vard\u0131r, Struts1’de ise Request Processor kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n
Value Stack\/OGNL:<\/b> Struts2’de Value Stack ve OGNL, veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, Struts1’de ActionForm ve Request nesnesi kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n
View Katman\u0131:<\/b> Struts2’de daha esnek view teknolojisi entegrasyonu varken, Struts1’de genellikle JSP’ler ve Struts Tag Library kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. Value Stack nedir ve neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/h4>\n
Value Stack, her istek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan, Action nesnesi ve di\u011fer ilgili nesneleri i\u00e7eren ge\u00e7ici bir veri yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. View katman\u0131nda (JSP) OGNL kullanarak bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki verilere kolayca eri\u015filmesini sa\u011flar. Struts2’deki veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
3. Interceptor’lar\u0131n rol\u00fc nedir? Bir \u00f6rnek verin.<\/h4>\n
Interceptor’lar, bir Action \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce veya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra belirli g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren bile\u015fenlerdir. Action’lar\u0131 tekrar eden g\u00f6revlerden (do\u011frulama, loglama, g\u00fcvenlik) ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve mod\u00fclerli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, validation<\/code> interceptor’\u0131, bir Action’\u0131n i\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce form verilerini do\u011frular.<\/p>\n
4. Struts2’de form verilerini Action’a nas\u0131l aktar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h4>\n
HTTP parametreleri, Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki uygun adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklere otomatik olarak e\u015flenir. Bu i\u015flem params<\/code> interceptor’\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir formda <\/code> varsa, Action s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda private String kullaniciAdi;<\/code> ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen getter\/setter metotlar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Struts2’de package<\/code> ve namespace<\/code> kavramlar\u0131 ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/h4>\n
\n
Package:<\/b> Benzer Action’lar\u0131, Interceptor’lar\u0131 ve Result’lar\u0131 gruplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Konfig\u00fcrasyonu d\u00fczenli tutmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n
Namespace:<\/b> Action’lar\u0131 mant\u0131ksal olarak ay\u0131rmak ve URL \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \/admin<\/code> namespace’i alt\u0131ndaki Action’lar sadece \/admin\/<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan URL’ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6. Struts2’de devMode<\/code> ne anlama gelir?<\/h4>\n
struts.properties<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda struts.devMode = true<\/code> olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Struts2 geli\u015ftirme moduna ge\u00e7er. Bu modda, konfig\u00fcrasyon de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri (\u00f6rn. struts.xml<\/code>‘de yap\u0131lanlar) otomatik olarak yeniden y\u00fcklenir, daha detayl\u0131 hata mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir ve baz\u0131 performans optimizasyonlar\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcretim ortam\u0131nda false<\/code> olarak ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Struts2 Nedir? Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\nStruts2, Apache Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen, Java tabanl\u0131 bir web uygulama \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 (framework)","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38554","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
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