{"id":38446,"date":"2026-01-31T12:40:43","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=38446"},"modified":"2026-01-31T12:40:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:40:43","slug":"mongodbyi-grafana-ve-prometheus-ile-ubuntu-20-04-uzerinde-izleme-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/mongodbyi-grafana-ve-prometheus-ile-ubuntu-20-04-uzerinde-izleme-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB’yi Grafana ve Prometheus ile Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u0130zleme Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

MongoDB’yi Grafana ve Prometheus ile Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u0130zleme Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

Veritabanlar\u0131, modern uygulamalar\u0131n bel kemi\u011fidir ve performanslar\u0131 ile kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, genel sistem sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek performans ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sunan NoSQL veritabanlar\u0131ndan MongoDB, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmelerini y\u00f6netmek ve yo\u011fun i\u015f y\u00fcklerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla tercih edilmektedir. Ancak, bir MongoDB da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkin bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, s\u00fcrekli izleme ve optimizasyon gerektirir. \u0130zleme, potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 proaktif olarak tespit etmeye, performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye ve sistemin genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Bu makale, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 izleme ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olan Prometheus ve Grafana’y\u0131 kullanarak Ubuntu 20.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir MongoDB sunucusunun nas\u0131l izlenece\u011fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele alacakt\u0131r. Prometheus, metrikleri toplamak ve depolamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir zaman serisi veritaban\u0131 olarak hizmet verirken, Grafana bu metrikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve etkile\u015fimli panolar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmemizi sa\u011flar. Bu entegrasyon, MongoDB’nizin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015flem h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131, bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, disk I\/O’sunu, replikasyon durumunu ve di\u011fer kritik g\u00f6stergeleri ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak takip etmenize olanak tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kurulum, yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve sorun giderme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ele alarak, bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc izleme y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kendi ortam\u0131n\u0131zda ba\u015far\u0131yla kurman\u0131z i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir rehber sunaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Bu rehberi takip etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullara sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:
\n* Ubuntu 20.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir Ubuntu 20.04 i\u015fletim sistemi kurulu bir sunucu.
\n* MongoDB Kurulumu:<\/strong> Sunucunuzda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir MongoDB \u00f6rne\u011fi. (Bu rehber MongoDB kurulumunu kapsamayacakt\u0131r.)
\n* Temel Linux Bilgisi:<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 (CLI) kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve temel Linux komutlar\u0131na a\u015final\u0131k.
\n* A\u00e7\u0131k Portlar:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun:
\n * 27017<\/code>: MongoDB (varsay\u0131lan)
\n * 9216<\/code>: MongoDB Exporter
\n * 9090<\/code>: Prometheus
\n * 3000<\/code>: Grafana<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: MongoDB Exporter Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

MongoDB Exporter, MongoDB’den metrikleri toplar ve Prometheus’un anlayabilece\u011fi bir formata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu, Prometheus’un MongoDB \u00f6rne\u011finizden veri \u00e7ekmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

MongoDB Exporter Nedir?<\/h4>\n

Prometheus, metrikleri “\u00e7ekme” (pull) modeliyle toplar. Yani, izlemek istedi\u011fi hedeflerden belirli bir HTTP u\u00e7 noktas\u0131ndan metrikleri \u00e7eker. MongoDB, do\u011frudan Prometheus uyumlu metrikler sa\u011flamaz. \u0130\u015fte burada mongodb_exporter<\/code> devreye girer. Bu ara\u00e7, MongoDB sunucunuza ba\u011flan\u0131r, \u00e7e\u015fitli istatistikleri ve performans verilerini toplar ve bunlar\u0131 Prometheus’un sorgulayabilece\u011fi \/metrics<\/code> u\u00e7 noktas\u0131nda sunar.<\/p>\n

Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h4>\n

1. MongoDB Exporter \u0130ndirme:<\/strong>
\n \u00d6ncelikle, MongoDB Exporter’\u0131n en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc GitHub sayfas\u0131ndan indirmemiz gerekiyor. Genellikle amd64<\/code> mimarisi i\u00e7in Linux s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

# En son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol edin ve URL'yi g\u00fcncelleyin\n    # https:\/\/github.com\/percona\/mongodb_exporter\/releases adresinden en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bulun\n    VERSION=\"0.40.0\" # G\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 buraya yaz\u0131n\n    wget https:\/\/github.com\/percona\/mongodb_exporter\/releases\/download\/v${VERSION}\/mongodb_exporter-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Dosyalar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kartma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130ndirdi\u011finiz tar.gz dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve mongodb_exporter<\/code> ikili dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n.<\/p>\n
tar xvf mongodb_exporter-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n    sudo mv mongodb_exporter-${VERSION}.linux-amd64\/mongodb_exporter \/usr\/local\/bin\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve Dizin Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    G\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla, mongodb_exporter<\/code> i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell \/bin\/false mongodb_exporter\n    sudo chown mongodb_exporter:mongodb_exporter \/usr\/local\/bin\/mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Systemd Servis Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    mongodb_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131 bir sistem servisi olarak y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir systemd servis dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/mongodb_exporter.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. \u0130lk ba\u015fta, MongoDB kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 (authentication) olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z. E\u011fer MongoDB’nizde kimlik do\u011frulama etkinse, bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
[Unit]\n    Description=Prometheus MongoDB Exporter\n    Wants=network-online.target\n    After=network-online.target\n\n    [Service]\n    User=mongodb_exporter\n    Group=mongodb_exporter\n    Type=simple\n    Restart=on-failure\n    ExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/mongodb_exporter --mongodb.uri=mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\n\n    [Install]\n    WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n (CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X).<\/p>\n
5.  Servisi Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Systemd’yi yeniden y\u00fckleyin, servisi ba\u015flat\u0131n ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n    sudo systemctl start mongodb_exporter\n    sudo systemctl enable mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.  Durumu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    Servisin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
7.  Metrikleri Test Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Exporter’\u0131n metrikleri d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde sunup sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in curl<\/code> kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
curl localhost:9216\/metrics<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, Prometheus format\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok metrik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 vermelidir.<\/p>\n
MongoDB Kimlik Do\u011frulama (Authentication) ile \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
\u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda MongoDB’yi kimlik do\u011frulama olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. E\u011fer MongoDB’nizde kimlik do\u011frulama etkinse veya etkinle\u015ftirecekseniz, mongodb_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131n MongoDB’ye ba\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in uygun kimlik bilgilerini sa\u011flaman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
1.  MongoDB’de Kimlik Do\u011frulama Etkinle\u015ftirme (E\u011fer Etkin De\u011filse):<\/strong>
\n    mongod.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mongod.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    security<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bulun veya ekleyin ve authorization: enabled<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
security:\n      authorization: enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
    MongoDB servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart mongod<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  MongoDB \u0130zleme Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    mongodb_exporter<\/code> i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca gerekli izinlere sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya clusterMonitor<\/code> ve read<\/code> rolleri yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
mongo admin --eval \"db.createUser({ user: 'exporterUser', pwd: 'YOUR_SECURE_PASSWORD', roles: [{ role: 'clusterMonitor', db: 'admin' }, { role: 'read', db: 'local' }] });\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00d6NEML\u0130:<\/strong> YOUR_SECURE_PASSWORD<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fifre ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
3.  Exporter Servis Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    mongodb_exporter.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek MongoDB URI’sine kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifreyi ekleyin.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/mongodb_exporter.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
ExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/mongodb_exporter --mongodb.uri=mongodb:\/\/exporterUser:YOUR_SECURE_PASSWORD@localhost:27017<\/code><\/pre>\n
    YOUR_SECURE_PASSWORD<\/code> yerine yukar\u0131da olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz \u015fifreyi yazmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
    Kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4.  Servisi Yeniden Y\u00fckleme ve Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in systemd’yi yeniden y\u00fckleyin ve mongodb_exporter<\/code> servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n    sudo systemctl restart mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Durumu kontrol ederek active (running)<\/code> oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Metrikleri tekrar curl<\/code> ile kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Prometheus Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Prometheus, metrikleri toplamak, depolamak ve sorgulamak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir sistem izleme ve uyar\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Prometheus Nedir?<\/h4>\n
Prometheus, belirli aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hedeflerden metrikleri HTTP \u00fczerinden \u00e7eken (pull modeli) bir zaman serisi veritaban\u0131d\u0131r. Toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri kendi depolama alan\u0131nda saklar ve PromQL ad\u0131 verilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sorgu diliyle bu verilere eri\u015fim sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayarak belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda bildirimler g\u00f6nderebilir.<\/p>\n
Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
1.  Prometheus \u0130ndirme:<\/strong>
\n    Prometheus’un en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc resmi web sitesinden veya GitHub sayfas\u0131ndan indirin.<\/p>\n
# En son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol edin ve URL'yi g\u00fcncelleyin\n    # https:\/\/prometheus.io\/download\/ adresinden en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bulun\n    VERSION=\"2.47.0\" # G\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 buraya yaz\u0131n\n    wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/prometheus\/releases\/download\/v${VERSION}\/prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Dosyalar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kartma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130ndirdi\u011finiz dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve gerekli ikili dosyalar\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u015fablonlar\u0131n\u0131 uygun yerlere ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n.<\/p>\n
tar xvf prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n    cd prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64\/\n\n    sudo mv prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/\n    sudo mv promtool \/usr\/local\/bin\/\n    sudo mv consoles \/etc\/prometheus\/\n    sudo mv console_libraries \/etc\/prometheus\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve Dizin Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Prometheus i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve gerekli dizinleri olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell \/bin\/false prometheus\n    sudo mkdir \/etc\/prometheus\n    sudo mkdir \/var\/lib\/prometheus\n    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/etc\/prometheus\n    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/var\/lib\/prometheus\n    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/prometheus\n    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus \/usr\/local\/bin\/promtool<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Prometheus Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Prometheus’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 (prometheus.yml<\/code>) olu\u015fturmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu dosyada mongodb_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131 bir hedef olarak tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n
    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
global:\n      scrape_interval: 15s # Metrikleri her 15 saniyede bir \u00e7ek\n\n    scrape_configs:\n      - job_name: 'prometheus'\n        static_configs:\n          - targets: ['localhost:9090']\n\n      - job_name: 'mongodb_exporter'\n        static_configs:\n          - targets: ['localhost:9216'] # MongoDB Exporter'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 adres ve port<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
5.  Systemd Servis Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Prometheus’u bir systemd servisi olarak y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in servis dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/prometheus.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
[Unit]\n    Description=Prometheus\n    Wants=network-online.target\n    After=network-online.target\n\n    [Service]\n    User=prometheus\n    Group=prometheus\n    Type=simple\n    Restart=on-failure\n    ExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/prometheus \\\n        --config.file \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml \\\n        --storage.tsdb.path \/var\/lib\/prometheus \\\n        --web.console.templates=\/etc\/prometheus\/consoles \\\n        --web.console.libraries=\/etc\/prometheus\/console_libraries \\\n        --web.listen-address=:9090\n\n    [Install]\n    WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
6.  Servisi Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Systemd’yi yeniden y\u00fckleyin, servisi ba\u015flat\u0131n ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n    sudo systemctl start prometheus\n    sudo systemctl enable prometheus<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.  Durumu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    Prometheus servisinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status prometheus<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
8.  Prometheus UI’ye Eri\u015fim:<\/strong>
\n    Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve Prometheus kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in http:\/\/your_server_ip:9090<\/code> adresine gidin.
\n    Status<\/code> men\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki Targets<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klayarak mongodb_exporter<\/code> hedefinin UP<\/code> durumunda oldu\u011funu kontrol edin. E\u011fer UP<\/code> de\u011filse, mongodb_exporter<\/code> servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n 9216 portunu engellemedi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Grafana Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Grafana, Prometheus gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli veri kaynaklar\u0131ndan gelen metrikleri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pop\u00fcler bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 analiz ve izleme platformudur.<\/p>\n
Grafana Nedir?<\/h4>\n
Grafana, metrikleri, g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri ve izleme verilerini bir araya getirerek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek panolar olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 (Prometheus, InfluxDB, Elasticsearch vb.) destekler ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir grafikler, tablolar ve g\u00f6stergelerle verileri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirir. Ayr\u0131ca uyar\u0131lar tan\u0131mlayabilir ve farkl\u0131 kanallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirimler alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
1.  Grafana GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    Grafana paketlerini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize ekleyin.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common wget\n    wget -q -O - https:\/\/packages.grafana.com\/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Grafana Deposunu Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    Grafana deposunu apt<\/code> kaynak listenize ekleyin.<\/p>\n
echo \"deb https:\/\/packages.grafana.com\/oss\/deb stable main\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/grafana.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme ve Grafana Kurulumu:<\/strong>
\n    Paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin ve Grafana’y\u0131 kurun.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get install grafana<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Servisi Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Grafana servisinin otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda etkin olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n    sudo systemctl start grafana-server\n    sudo systemctl enable grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  Durumu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    Grafana servisinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
6.  Grafana UI’ye Eri\u015fim:<\/strong>
\n    Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve Grafana kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in http:\/\/your_server_ip:3000<\/code> adresine gidin.
\n    Varsay\u0131lan kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 admin<\/code> ve \u015fifre admin<\/code>‘dir. \u0130lk giri\u015fte \u015fifrenizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz istenecektir.<\/p>\n
Prometheus Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Grafana’n\u0131n Prometheus’tan metrikleri \u00e7ekebilmesi i\u00e7in Prometheus’u bir veri kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak eklememiz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
1.  Grafana’ya Giri\u015f:<\/strong>
\n    admin\/admin<\/code> (veya de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz yeni \u015fifreniz) ile Grafana’ya giri\u015f yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    *   Sol men\u00fcden Configuration<\/strong> (di\u015fli \u00e7ark simgesi) \u00fczerine gelin ve Data Sources<\/strong> se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n    *   Add data source<\/strong> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n    *   Veri kaynaklar\u0131 listesinden Prometheus<\/strong>‘u se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
3.  Prometheus Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Name:<\/strong> Prometheus<\/code> (veya istedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka bir isim)
\n    *   URL:<\/strong> http:\/\/localhost:9090<\/code> (Prometheus’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 adres ve port)
\n    *   Di\u011fer ayarlar\u0131 varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.
\n    *   Save & Test<\/strong> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n. “Data source is working” mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
MongoDB Kontrol Paneli (Dashboard) \u0130\u00e7e Aktarma<\/h4>\n
Grafana toplulu\u011fu, bir\u00e7ok pop\u00fcler uygulama i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kontrol panelleri sunar. MongoDB i\u00e7in de haz\u0131r paneller mevcuttur. Bu panelleri i\u00e7e aktararak h\u0131zla izlemeye ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
1.  Kontrol Paneli \u0130\u00e7e Aktarma:<\/strong>
\n    *   Sol men\u00fcden Dashboards<\/strong> (d\u00f6rt kare simgesi) \u00fczerine gelin ve Import<\/strong> se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n    *   Import via grafana.com<\/strong> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bir Grafana Dashboard ID’si girin. MongoDB i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 iyi se\u00e7enek bulunmaktad\u0131r:
\n        *   ID: 10034<\/strong> (MongoDB (Standalone\/ReplicaSet) – Official Percona Exporter)
\n        *   ID: 2583<\/strong> (MongoDB Overview – generic, but useful)
\n        *   ID: 10795<\/strong> (MongoDB Exporter Metrics)
\n        Birini se\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 10034<\/strong>) ve Load<\/strong> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  Kontrol Paneli Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Name:<\/strong> Kontrol panelinin ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz (\u00f6rn. “MongoDB \u0130zleme”).
\n    *   Folder:<\/strong> Kontrol panelini bir klas\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.
\n    *   Prometheus:<\/strong> Veri kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak daha \u00f6nce ekledi\u011finiz Prometheus<\/code>‘u se\u00e7in.
\n    *   Import<\/strong> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Kontrol Panelini \u0130nceleme:<\/strong>
\n    Art\u0131k MongoDB kontrol paneliniz y\u00fckl\u00fc ve Prometheus’tan gelen verileri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Bu panelde ba\u011flant\u0131lar, okuma\/yazma i\u015flemleri, bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131, replikasyon gecikmesi ve daha bir\u00e7ok kritik metrik gibi \u00f6nemli bilgileri g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015feden zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek farkl\u0131 periyotlardaki verileri inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular ve Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
Prometheus veya Exporter \u00c7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n
*   Servis Durumunu Kontrol Edin:<\/strong> \u0130lgili servisin durumunu kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status prometheus\n    sudo systemctl status mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer inactive (dead)<\/code> veya failed<\/code> durumundaysa, ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki komutun do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Loglar\u0131 \u0130nceleyin:<\/strong> Servis loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek hatan\u0131n nedenini anlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -xeu prometheus\n    sudo journalctl -xeu mongodb_exporter<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> Ubuntu’da UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) etkinse, gerekli portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status\n    sudo ufw allow 9090\/tcp   # Prometheus\n    sudo ufw allow 9216\/tcp   # MongoDB Exporter\n    sudo ufw allow 3000\/tcp   # Grafana\n    sudo ufw reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Prometheus Hedefleri:<\/strong> Prometheus UI’de (http:\/\/your_server_ip:9090) Status<\/code> -> Targets<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edin. mongodb_exporter<\/code> hedefi UP<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer DOWN<\/code> ise, URL’nin (localhost:9216<\/code>) ve mongodb_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Grafana Paneli Veri G\u00f6stermiyor<\/h4>\n
*   Prometheus Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Grafana’da Prometheus veri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve “Save & Test”in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Prometheus Metrikleri:<\/strong> Prometheus UI’deki Graph<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde mongodb_exporter_up<\/code> gibi bir metrik aray\u0131n. E\u011fer bu metrik varsa, Prometheus veriyi topluyor demektir.
\n*   Zaman Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Grafana panelinde sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fedeki zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru se\u00e7ildi\u011finden emin olun (\u00f6rne\u011fin, “Last 5 minutes” veya “Last 1 hour”).
\n*   Dashboard De\u011fi\u015fkenleri:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 panellerde de\u011fi\u015fkenler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, instance<\/code> veya job<\/code>) bulunur. Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin do\u011fru de\u011ferleri g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
MongoDB Kimlik Do\u011frulama Hatas\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   mongodb_exporter<\/code> URI:<\/strong> mongodb_exporter.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki --mongodb.uri<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre i\u00e7erdi\u011finden emin olun. \u015eifrede \u00f6zel karakterler varsa, URI kodlamas\u0131 gerekebilir veya \u015fifreyi t\u0131rnak i\u00e7ine almay\u0131 deneyin.
\n*   MongoDB Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> MongoDB’de exporterUser<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru rollerle (clusterMonitor<\/code>, read<\/code>) olu\u015fturuldu\u011fundan ve \u015fifresinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   MongoDB Kimlik Do\u011frulama Etkin Mi?<\/strong> mongod.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda security.authorization: enabled<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n etkin oldu\u011fundan ve MongoDB’nin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u0130zleme ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Temel kurulumdan sonra, izleme sisteminizi daha da geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ileri d\u00fczey ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Alerting (Uyar\u0131lar)<\/h4>\n
*   Prometheus Alertmanager:<\/strong> Prometheus, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 metrikler \u00fczerinde belirli kurallar tan\u0131mlayarak uyar\u0131lar olu\u015fturabilir. Bu uyar\u0131lar Alertmanager’a g\u00f6nderilir. Alertmanager ise bu uyar\u0131lar\u0131 grupland\u0131r\u0131r, susturur ve e-posta, Slack, PagerDuty gibi farkl\u0131 kanallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirimler g\u00f6nderir. Kritik MongoDB metrikleri (\u00f6rn. ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fi\u011fi, yava\u015f sorgular, disk kullan\u0131m\u0131, replikasyon gecikmesi) i\u00e7in uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak, sorunlar\u0131 proaktif olarak tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar.
\n*   Grafana Alerting:<\/strong> Grafana’n\u0131n kendi uyar\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Do\u011frudan panellerinizdeki grafikler \u00fczerinden uyar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir ve belirli e\u015fiklere ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bildirimler alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Exporter’lar<\/h4>\n
*   Node Exporter:<\/strong> Sunucu i\u015fletim sistemi metriklerini (CPU, bellek, disk I\/O, a\u011f kullan\u0131m\u0131 vb.) toplamak i\u00e7in node_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131 kurun. Bu, MongoDB’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunucunun genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n*   Blackbox Exporter:<\/strong> MongoDB’nin a\u011f \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini veya belirli bir u\u00e7 noktan\u0131n durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in blackbox_exporter<\/code>‘\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilirlik (High Availability)<\/h4>\n
*   Prometheus HA:<\/strong> \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda Prometheus sunucusunun tek bir hata noktas\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in birden fazla Prometheus \u00f6rne\u011fini bir araya getirebilirsiniz. Bu genellikle farkl\u0131 sunucularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Prometheus \u00f6rneklerinin ayn\u0131 hedefleri izlemesi ve Alertmanager ile entegrasyonuyla sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n*   Grafana HA:<\/strong> Grafana’y\u0131 y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilir bir mimaride \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in birden fazla Grafana \u00f6rne\u011fini bir y\u00fck dengeleyicinin arkas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirebilir ve ortak bir veritaban\u0131 (\u00f6rn. PostgreSQL, MySQL) kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Performans Tuning<\/h4>\n
*   Scrape Aral\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong> Prometheus’un scrape_interval<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131, izledi\u011finiz sistemlerin dinamik do\u011fas\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n. Daha s\u0131k aral\u0131klar daha gran\u00fcler veri sa\u011flarken, daha fazla kaynak t\u00fcketir.
\n*   Veri Saklama Politikalar\u0131:<\/strong> Prometheus’un varsay\u0131lan olarak metrikleri 15 g\u00fcn saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. prometheus.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda --storage.tsdb.retention.time<\/code> veya --storage.tsdb.retention.size<\/code> parametrelerini kullanarak saklama s\u00fcresini veya boyutunu ayarlayabilirsiniz. Uzun s\u00fcreli veri saklama i\u00e7in (long-term storage) Thanos veya Cortex gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.
\n*   Etiket Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> Prometheus metriklerindeki etiket say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini optimize etmek, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve depolama alan\u0131ndan tasarruf sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu rehberde, MongoDB veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Ubuntu 20.04 \u00fczerinde Prometheus ve Grafana kullanarak nas\u0131l kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde izleyece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. mongodb_exporter<\/code> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla MongoDB metriklerini toplad\u0131k, Prometheus ile bu metrikleri depolad\u0131k ve Grafana’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme yetenekleriyle bu verileri anlaml\u0131 panolara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n
Etkin bir izleme sistemi kurmak, veritaban\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n istikrar\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurulum sayesinde, MongoDB’nizin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak takip edebilir, potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce tespit edebilir ve performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla giderebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, sunulan geli\u015fmi\u015f izleme ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile sisteminizi daha da geli\u015ftirerek daha sa\u011flam ve proaktif bir izleme altyap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki izleme, s\u00fcrekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Panolar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek, sisteminizin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlamalar yapmak ve yeni metrikleri ke\u015ffetmek, veritaban\u0131 ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n uzun vadeli sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu entegre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, MongoDB da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinde tam kontrol sa\u011flaman\u0131za ve operasyonel verimlili\u011finizi art\u0131rman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
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