{"id":37938,"date":"2026-01-19T02:00:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T23:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/go-ile-yeni-bir-rate-limiter-kutuphanesi-tanitimi-uygulamalarinizi-guvenle-olceklendirin\/"},"modified":"2026-01-19T02:00:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T23:00:41","slug":"go-ile-yeni-bir-rate-limiter-kutuphanesi-tanitimi-uygulamalarinizi-guvenle-olceklendirin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/go-ile-yeni-bir-rate-limiter-kutuphanesi-tanitimi-uygulamalarinizi-guvenle-olceklendirin\/","title":{"rendered":"Go ile Yeni Bir Rate Limiter K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcvenle \u00d6l\u00e7eklendirin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Go ile Yeni Bir Rate Limiter K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcvenle \u00d6l\u00e7eklendirin<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modern web uygulamalar\u0131 ve mikroservis mimarileri, yo\u011fun trafikle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma ve kaynaklar\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netme zorunlulu\u011fu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, “rate limiting” (h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama) mekanizmalar\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131n istikrar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve adil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kritik bir rol oynar. Go gibi y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k odakl\u0131 dillerde, etkili bir h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi geli\u015ftirmek veya kullanmak, sistemlerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesini \u00f6nlemek ve hizmet kalitesini korumak ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, Go ekosistemi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f yeni bir rate limiter k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini tan\u0131tacak, temel prensiplerini, kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015fmi\u015f senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Rate Limiting Nedir ve Neden Gereklidir?<\/h3>\n

Rate limiting, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, IP adresinin veya bir sistemin belirli bir zaman diliminde yapabilece\u011fi istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama i\u015flemidir. Bu mekanizma, modern da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlerin ve API’lerin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Temel amac\u0131, sistem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, hizmet kalitesini art\u0131rmak ve altyap\u0131 maliyetlerini kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Y\u00fcklenmeyi \u00d6nleme<\/h4>\n

Bir uygulaman\u0131n veya servisin beklenenden daha fazla istek almas\u0131 durumunda, bu durum sunucular\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine, yava\u015flamas\u0131na veya tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olabilir. Rate limiting, bu t\u00fcr senaryolar\u0131 engelleyerek sistemin stabil kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir bir performans seviyesi sunar.<\/p>\n

Kaynak K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Engelleme<\/h4>\n

K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli akt\u00f6rler veya hatal\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f istemciler, bir API’ye \u00e7ok say\u0131da istek g\u00f6ndererek servis reddi (DoS) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir veya kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fcketebilir. Rate limiting, bu t\u00fcr k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 tespit edip engelleyerek sistemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maliyet Kontrol\u00fc ve API Fair Use<\/h4>\n

Bulut tabanl\u0131 altyap\u0131larda veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf API’leri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her istek bir maliyet yaratabilir. Rate limiting, bu maliyetleri kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, API sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n API’den adil bir \u015fekilde yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7in h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 uygulayarak “adil kullan\u0131m” politikas\u0131n\u0131 benimserler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00d6nemi<\/h4>\n

Brute-force sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, kimlik do\u011frulama u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131na yap\u0131lan yo\u011fun istekler veya veri s\u0131zd\u0131rma giri\u015fimleri gibi g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri, rate limiting ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131labilir. Belirli bir IP adresinden gelen ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015f denemelerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak, bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Go’da Rate Limiting Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Go, e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k modelinin g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde rate limiting mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde uygulamak i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir ortam sunar. Go’da h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama uygulamak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Standart K\u00fct\u00fcphane (time.Tick) ve Basit \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h4>\n

Go’nun time<\/code> paketi, basit h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 sunar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, time.Tick<\/code> kullanarak belirli aral\u0131klarla tetiklenen bir kanal olu\u015fturabilir ve bu kanal\u0131 bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcde bekleyerek istekleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilirsiniz. Ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, token bucket algoritmas\u0131, patlama kapasitesi) i\u00e7in yeterli esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n

package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"time\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    requests := make(chan int, 5)\n    for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {\n        requests <- i\n    }\n    close(requests)\n\n    \/\/ Saniyede 1 istekle s\u0131n\u0131rlayal\u0131m\n    limiter := time.Tick(1 * time.Second)\n\n    for req := range requests {\n        <-limiter \/\/ Bir sonraki iste\u011fi g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce bekler\n        fmt.Println(\"request\", req, time.Now())\n    }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
<\/code><\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Parti K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin Avantajlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f ve esnek rate limiting ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler devreye girer. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler genellikle farkl\u0131 algoritmalar\u0131 (Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, Fixed Window vb.) destekler, patlama kapasitesi (burst capacity) gibi \u00f6zellikleri sunar ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde tasarlanabilirler.<\/p>\n
Token Bucket ve Leaky Bucket Algoritmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Token Bucket (Jeton Kovas\u0131):<\/strong> Belirli bir oranda jeton \u00fcreten bir kova mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Her istek i\u00e7in bir jeton t\u00fcketilir. Kovada jeton yoksa istek reddedilir veya bekletilir. Patlama kapasitesine izin verir.<\/li>\n
  • Leaky Bucket (S\u0131zd\u0131ran Kova):<\/strong> \u0130stekler bir kovaya doldurulur ve kova sabit bir oranda \"s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r\" (i\u015flenir). Kova doldu\u011funda yeni istekler reddedilir. \u0130stekleri daha sabit bir oranda i\u015fler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k Rate Limiting \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/h4>\n
    Mikroservis mimarilerinde veya birden fazla sunucu \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalarda, tek bir sunucudaki rate limiter yeterli de\u011fildir. \u0130steklerin birden fazla sunucuya da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle, t\u00fcm sistem genelinde tutarl\u0131 bir h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k rate limiting \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur. Bu genellikle Redis veya benzeri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k anahtar-de\u011fer depolar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
    \"go-ratelimit\" K\u00fct\u00fcphanesine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f (\u00d6rnek Bir K\u00fct\u00fcphane)<\/h3>\n
    Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Go i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay ve performans odakl\u0131 \"go-ratelimit\" ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz \u00f6rnek bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi inceleyece\u011fiz. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphane, hem tekil uygulamalar hem de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemler i\u00e7in esnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmay\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n
    Temel \u00d6zellikler ve Tasar\u0131m Felsefesi<\/h4>\n
    go-ratelimit<\/code> k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, basit bir API ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama yetenekleri sunar. Tasar\u0131m felsefesi, y\u00fcksek performans, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve kolay entegrasyon \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Token Bucket ve Fixed Window algoritmalar\u0131 deste\u011fi.<\/li>\n
    • Esnek konfig\u00fcrasyon se\u00e7enekleri (oran, patlama kapasitesi).<\/li>\n
    • Middleware olarak kolay entegrasyon.<\/li>\n
    • Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama i\u00e7in geni\u015fletilebilirlik (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Redis entegrasyonu).<\/li>\n
    • G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik i\u00e7in metrik entegrasyonu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Kurulum ve \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/h4>\n
      K\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi projenize dahil etmek olduk\u00e7a basittir:<\/p>\n
      go get github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\n<\/pre>\n
      <\/code><\/p>\n
      Ard\u0131ndan, kodunuzda import edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
      import \"github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\"\n<\/pre>\n
      <\/code><\/p>\n
      Desteklenen Algoritmalar ve Konfig\u00fcrasyon Se\u00e7enekleri<\/h4>\n
      go-ratelimit<\/code>, ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki pop\u00fcler algoritmay\u0131 destekler:<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. Token Bucket:<\/strong> Belirli bir oranda (\u00f6rne\u011fin, saniyede 10 istek) jeton \u00fcreten ve patlama kapasitesine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, an\u0131nda 20 istek) izin veren bir model.<\/li>\n
      2. Fixed Window:<\/strong> Belirli bir zaman penceresi i\u00e7inde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 1 dakika) izin verilen maksimum istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 100 istek) s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Pencere doldu\u011funda yeni istekler reddedilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        Konfig\u00fcrasyon, ratelimit.NewLimiter<\/code> fonksiyonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
        package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"time\"\n\n    \"github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\" \/\/ Varsay\u0131msal k\u00fct\u00fcphane yolu\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    \/\/ Saniyede 10 istek, 20 jetonluk patlama kapasitesi\n    limiter := ratelimit.NewLimiter(10, 20) \n\n    for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {\n        if limiter.Allow() {\n            fmt.Println(\"\u0130stek kabul edildi:\", i)\n        } else {\n            fmt.Println(\"\u0130stek reddedildi (limit a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131):\", i)\n        }\n        time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) \/\/ \u00d6rnek i\u00e7in bekleme\n    }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
        <\/code><\/p>\n
        K\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi Kullanarak Rate Limiting Uygulama<\/h3>\n
        go-ratelimit<\/code> k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, HTTP servislerinize kolayca entegre edilebilir ve farkl\u0131 senaryolar i\u00e7in esnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunar.<\/p>\n
        Basit Bir HTTP Handler \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h4>\n
        Bir HTTP handler'\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011frudan h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kullanmak, en temel entegrasyon \u015feklidir:<\/p>\n
        package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"net\/http\"\n    \"time\"\n\n    \"github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\" \/\/ Varsay\u0131msal k\u00fct\u00fcphane yolu\n)\n\nvar apiLimiter = ratelimit.NewLimiter(1, 2) \/\/ Saniyede 1 istek, 2 burst\n\nfunc handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    if !apiLimiter.Allow() {\n        http.Error(w, \"Too Many Requests\", http.StatusTooManyRequests)\n        return\n    }\n    fmt.Fprintf(w, \"Merhaba, h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131dan ge\u00e7tiniz!\")\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    http.HandleFunc(\"\/\", handler)\n    fmt.Println(\"Server 8080 portunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor...\")\n    http.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", nil)\n}\n<\/pre>\n
        <\/code><\/p>\n
        Middleware Entegrasyonu<\/h4>\n
        Daha temiz ve mod\u00fcler bir yakla\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in, h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 bir HTTP middleware'i olarak kullanmak idealdir. Bu, t\u00fcm rotalara veya belirli rotalara kolayca uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n
        package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"net\/http\"\n    \"time\"\n\n    \"github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\" \/\/ Varsay\u0131msal k\u00fct\u00fcphane yolu\n)\n\n\/\/ LimitMiddleware, h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlama middleware'ini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr\nfunc LimitMiddleware(limiter *ratelimit.Limiter) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {\n    return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {\n        return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n            if !limiter.Allow() {\n                http.Error(w, \"Too Many Requests\", http.StatusTooManyRequests)\n                return\n            }\n            next.ServeHTTP(w, r)\n        })\n    }\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    globalLimiter := ratelimit.NewLimiter(5, 10) \/\/ Saniyede 5 istek, 10 burst\n\n    mux := http.NewServeMux()\n    mux.HandleFunc(\"\/public\", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        fmt.Fprintf(w, \"Herkese a\u00e7\u0131k alan.\")\n    })\n\n    \/\/ S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir endpoint\n    limitedHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        fmt.Fprintf(w, \"S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alana ho\u015f geldiniz!\")\n    })\n\n    mux.Handle(\"\/limited\", LimitMiddleware(globalLimiter)(limitedHandler))\n\n    fmt.Println(\"Server 8080 portunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor...\")\n    http.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", mux)\n}\n<\/pre>\n
        <\/code><\/p>\n
        Farkl\u0131 Limit Tipleri (IP Bazl\u0131, Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Bazl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
        go-ratelimit<\/code>, tek bir global s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek, istekleri farkl\u0131 anahtarlara g\u00f6re (\u00f6rne\u011fin, IP adresi, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ID'si, API anahtar\u0131) s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in esneklik sa\u011flar. Bu genellikle bir map<\/code> veya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k bir \u00f6nbellek (Redis) kullan\u0131larak her anahtar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi olu\u015fturularak yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
        \u00d6rnek: IP Bazl\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131rlama<\/strong><\/p>\n
        package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"net\"\n    \"net\/http\"\n    \"sync\"\n    \"time\"\n\n    \"github.com\/your-org\/go-ratelimit\"\n)\n\nvar (\n    ipLimiters = make(map[string]*ratelimit.Limiter)\n    mu         sync.Mutex\n)\n\nfunc GetIPLimiter(ip string) *ratelimit.Limiter {\n    mu.Lock()\n    defer mu.Unlock()\n    if limiter, ok := ipLimiters[ip]; ok {\n        return limiter\n    }\n    \/\/ Her IP i\u00e7in dakikada 60 istek, 10 burst\n    limiter := ratelimit.NewLimiter(1, 10) \/\/ 1 request\/second, 10 burst (60 req\/min)\n    ipLimiters[ip] = limiter\n    return limiter\n}\n\nfunc IPLimitMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {\n    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)\n        if err != nil {\n            http.Error(w, \"Internal Server Error\", http.StatusInternalServerError)\n            return\n        }\n\n        limiter := GetIPLimiter(ip)\n        if !limiter.Allow() {\n            http.Error(w, \"Too Many Requests from your IP\", http.StatusTooManyRequests)\n            return\n        }\n        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)\n    })\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    mux := http.NewServeMux()\n    mux.Handle(\"\/\", IPLimitMiddleware(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        fmt.Fprintf(w, \"IP'nize \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlamadan ge\u00e7tiniz!\")\n    })))\n\n    fmt.Println(\"Server 8080 portunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor...\")\n    http.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", mux)\n}\n<\/pre>\n
        <\/code><\/p>\n
        Geli\u015fmi\u015f Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131 ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
        Rate limiting, basit bir mekanizma olmaktan \u00f6te, karma\u015f\u0131k sistemlerde dikkatli bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir konudur.<\/p>\n
        Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k Sistemlerde Rate Limiting<\/h4>\n
        Yukar\u0131daki IP bazl\u0131 \u00f6rnek, tek bir sunucu i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak birden fazla sunucuya sahip bir sistemde, her sunucunun kendi IP map'i olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar ya\u015fan\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlerde rate limiting i\u00e7in genellikle Redis gibi merkezi bir veri deposu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Her sunucu, Redis'e bir istek g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder ve g\u00fcnceller. Bu, t\u00fcm sistem genelinde tutarl\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
        go-ratelimit<\/code>, bu t\u00fcr entegrasyonlar\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir aray\u00fcz (interface) sa\u011flayabilir, b\u00f6ylece kullan\u0131c\u0131lar kendi Redis tabanl\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 veya k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin sundu\u011fu bir eklentiyi kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
        G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik (Metrics ve Monitoring)<\/h4>\n
        H\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ne kadar etkili \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in metrikler toplamak kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki metrikler faydal\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n
          \n
        • Toplam kabul edilen istek say\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n
        • Toplam reddedilen istek say\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n
        • H\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bekletilen istek say\u0131s\u0131 (e\u011fer varsa).<\/li>\n
        • Her bir s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mevcut jeton say\u0131s\u0131 veya pencere durumu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          Prometheus veya Grafana gibi ara\u00e7larla bu metrikleri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek, sistemin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 erkenden tespit etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
          Hata Y\u00f6netimi ve Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Stratejileri<\/h4>\n
          Bir istek h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131na tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, istemciye HTTP 429 Too Many Requests<\/code> durum kodu d\u00f6n\u00fclmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, Retry-After<\/code> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile istemciye ne zaman tekrar denemesi gerekti\u011fini bildirmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, istemcinin gereksiz yere istek g\u00f6ndermesini engeller ve sunucu \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
          \u00d6rnek Retry-After<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          func LimitedHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    if !limiter.Allow() {\n        w.Header().Set(\"Retry-After\", \"5\") \/\/ 5 saniye sonra tekrar dene\n        http.Error(w, \"Too Many Requests\", http.StatusTooManyRequests)\n        return\n    }\n    \/\/ ... i\u015fleme devam et\n}\n<\/pre>\n
          <\/code><\/p>\n
          Performans ve \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik Hususlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
          Bir rate limiter k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi se\u00e7erken veya uygularken, performans ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek trafikli sistemlerde, h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendisi bir darbo\u011faz haline gelmemelidir. go-ratelimit<\/code> gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k ve kilit mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 Go'nun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerini kullanarak optimize eder.<\/p>\n
          Tablo: Rate Limiting Algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Algoritma<\/th>\nAvantajlar<\/th>\nDezavantajlar<\/th>\nKullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Token Bucket<\/td>\nPatlama kapasitesine izin verir, ak\u0131c\u0131 trafik y\u00f6netimi.<\/td>\nJeton \u00fcretimi\/t\u00fcketimi y\u00f6netimi biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir.<\/td>\nAPI'ler, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturumlar\u0131, anl\u0131k trafik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Fixed Window<\/td>\nUygulamas\u0131 basit, kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/td>\nPencere kenar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 (t\u00fcm istekler pencere ba\u015f\u0131nda gelirse patlama).<\/td>\nBasit API'ler, belirli bir zaman dilimindeki toplam istek say\u0131s\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Sliding Window Log<\/td>\nPencere kenar\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zer, daha do\u011fru s\u0131n\u0131rlama.<\/td>\nDaha fazla bellek ve hesaplama gerektirir.<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek do\u011fruluk gerektiren API'ler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Sliding Window Counter<\/td>\nSliding Window Log'a g\u00f6re daha az bellek, daha iyi performans.<\/td>\nTamamen do\u011fru de\u011fil, yakla\u015f\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlama sa\u011flar.<\/td>\nB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemler, Redis ile entegrasyon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin Avantajlar\u0131 ve Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
          G\u00fcvenilirlik ve Performans<\/h4>\n
          go-ratelimit<\/code> gibi iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane, Go'nun e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k modelinden faydalanarak y\u00fcksek performans ve g\u00fcvenilirlik sunar. Kilitlenmeleri minimumda tutan ve atomik operasyonlar\u0131 kullanan yap\u0131lar, y\u00fcksek e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k alt\u0131nda bile do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 garanti eder.<\/p>\n
          Esneklik ve Geni\u015fletilebilirlik<\/h4>\n
          Mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, k\u00fct\u00fcphane farkl\u0131 algoritmalar\u0131 ve depolama mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 (bellek i\u00e7i, Redis vb.) destekleyecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilebilir. Bu, farkl\u0131 proje ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re uyarlanabilirlik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
          \u00d6\u011frenme E\u011frisi ve Bak\u0131m<\/h4>\n
          Basit ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir API, k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin \u00f6\u011frenme e\u011frisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130yi belgelenmi\u015f ve aktif olarak bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane, uzun vadede daha az sorun ve daha kolay entegrasyon anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
          Di\u011fer \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
          Go ekosisteminde bir\u00e7ok rate limiting k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin, golang.org\/x\/time\/rate<\/code>, juju\/ratelimit<\/code>). go-ratelimit<\/code>, bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini bir araya getirerek, hem basitlik hem de geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dengeli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sunmay\u0131 hedefler. \u00d6zellikle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k senaryolar i\u00e7in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fletilebilirlik, onu di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
          Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
          Rate limiting, modern uygulama geli\u015ftirmenin temel bir bile\u015fenidir. Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeden korumak, kaynaklar\u0131 adil bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tmak ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Go'nun e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k yetenekleri, h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde uygulamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir temel sa\u011flar. \"go-ratelimit\" gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, geli\u015ftiricilere bu karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6revi basit ve etkili bir \u015fekilde yerine getirme olana\u011f\u0131 sunar. \u0130ster basit bir API i\u00e7in tekil bir s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131ya, ister da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k bir mikroservis mimarisi i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olsun, do\u011fru rate limiter k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini se\u00e7mek ve do\u011fru \u015fekilde uygulamak, sistemlerinizin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
          SSS (S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular)<\/h3>\n
          SSS 1: Rate Limiting ile Circuit Breaker aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h4>\n
          Rate Limiting, bir istemcinin belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yapabilece\u011fi istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayarak sistemin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesini \u00f6nler. Circuit Breaker (Devre Kesici) ise, bir servisin veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 durumunda bu servise yap\u0131lan istekleri otomatik olarak durdurarak, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z servisin iyile\u015fmesine zaman tan\u0131r ve uygulaman\u0131n genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur. \u0130kisi de dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olsa da farkl\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n
          SSS 2: Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlerde rate limiting nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h4>\n
          Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlerde rate limiting, genellikle Redis gibi merkezi bir veri deposu kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Her istek geldi\u011finde, uygulama Redis'e giderek ilgili anahtar\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, IP adresi veya kullan\u0131c\u0131 ID'si) limitini kontrol eder ve g\u00fcnceller. Bu, birden fazla uygulama \u00f6rne\u011fi aras\u0131nda tutarl\u0131 bir h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
          SSS 3: Hangi rate limiting algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7meliyim?<\/h4>\n
          Se\u00e7im, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
            \n
          • Token Bucket:<\/strong> Anl\u0131k trafik patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 (burst) y\u00f6netmeniz gerekiyorsa ve ortalama bir h\u0131zda istekleri kabul etmek istiyorsan\u0131z idealdir.<\/li>\n
          • Fixed Window:<\/strong> Basit bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve pencere kenar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in kritik de\u011filse kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
          • Sliding Window (Log\/Counter):<\/strong> Daha do\u011fru s\u0131n\u0131rlama ve pencere kenar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek istiyorsan\u0131z tercih edilebilir, ancak daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            SSS 4: Rate limiter kullanmak performans\u0131m\u0131 etkiler mi?<\/h4>\n
            Evet, her ek kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 gibi rate limiter da bir miktar performans overhead'i yarat\u0131r. Ancak iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane (go-ratelimit<\/code> gibi) bu overhead'i minimumda tutar. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k bir rate limiter kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa (\u00f6rn. Redis ile), a\u011f gecikmesi ve Redis sunucusunun performans\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
            SSS 5: Go'nun standart k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bir rate limiter var m\u0131?<\/h4>\n
            Go'nun standart k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde do\u011frudan bir \"rate limiter\" mekanizmas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak golang.org\/x\/time\/rate<\/code> paketi, Go ekibi taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve token bucket algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 uygulayan resmi bir eklentidir. Bu makalede tan\u0131t\u0131lan \"go-ratelimit\" gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, bu temel yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine ek \u00f6zellikler (middleware, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k destek vb.) in\u015fa edebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modern web uygulamalar\u0131 ve mikroservis mimarileri, yo\u011fun trafikle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma ve kaynaklar\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netme zorunlulu\u011fu ile k…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37938","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nGo ile Yeni Bir Rate Limiter K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcvenle \u00d6l\u00e7eklendirin - 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