Modern bili\u015fim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, dosyalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 cihazlar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir \u015fekilde senkronize edilmesi, hem bireysel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar hem de i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in hayati bir ihtiya\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bulut tabanl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler yayg\u0131n olsa da, veri gizlili\u011fi, g\u00fcvenlik ve kontrol gibi konularda endi\u015feler ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada, merkezi olmayan, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve u\u00e7tan uca \u015fifrelemeye sahip bir dosya senkronizasyon arac\u0131 olan Syncthing devreye girer. Syncthing, dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frudan cihazlar\u0131n\u0131z aras\u0131nda senkronize etmenize olanak tan\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece verileriniz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf bir sunucuya u\u011framadan g\u00fcvende kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu makale, \u00f6zellikle Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Syncthing’i nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m detayland\u0131racakt\u0131r. Ubuntu 14.04, “Trusty Tahr” kod ad\u0131yla bilinen ve uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) alm\u0131\u015f eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hala belirli kurumsal veya \u00f6zel sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu \u00f6zel s\u00fcr\u00fcmdeki kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma n\u00fcanslar\u0131na odaklanmak \u00f6nemlidir. Makale boyunca, Syncthing’in temel kurulumundan ba\u015flayarak, web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015fim, g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131, bir servis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (Upstart kullanarak), dizin senkronizasyonu ve geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7eneklerine kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Syncthing kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/code> Yetkileri:<\/strong> Sistem genelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00f6netici (root) yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Komutlar\u0131 sudo<\/code> \u00f6nekiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bu gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSyncthing Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerinde Syncthing’i kurman\u0131n en kolay ve \u00f6nerilen yolu, Syncthing’in resmi APT deposunu (PPA) kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, Syncthing’in en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcklemenizi ve gelecekteki g\u00fcncellemeleri kolayca alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
APT Deposu Ekleme ve Kurulum<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, sisteminizin https<\/code> \u00fczerinden depolar\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in apt-transport-https<\/code> paketinin kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\nsudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install apt-transport-https<\/code><\/pre>\n\u015eimdi, Syncthing resmi GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize ekleyin. Bu, indirdi\u011finiz paketlerin ger\u00e7ek Syncthing taraf\u0131ndan imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n
curl -s https:\/\/syncthing.net\/release-key.txt | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\nArd\u0131ndan, Syncthing APT deposunu sisteminizin kaynak listesine ekleyin. Bu, syncthing<\/code> paketini apt-get<\/code> komutuyla bulman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\necho \"deb https:\/\/apt.syncthing.net\/ syncthing stable\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/syncthing.list<\/code><\/pre>\nDepoyu ekledikten sonra, paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin, b\u00f6ylece sisteminiz yeni Syncthing paketini tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\nSon olarak, Syncthing’i y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install syncthing<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, Syncthing uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ve gerekli t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize kuracakt\u0131r. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Syncthing’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z demektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h3>\n
Syncthing, bir kez kurulduktan sonra, t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n ve cihaz\/dizin y\u00f6netiminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 web tabanl\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc (GUI) sunar.<\/p>\n
Syncthing’i \u0130lk Kez \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Terminalden syncthing<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak Syncthing’i ba\u015flatabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsyncthing<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komutu ilk kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Syncthing varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (~\/.config\/syncthing\/config.xml<\/code>) ve kimlik anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Terminalde baz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar g\u00f6receksiniz; bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Syncthing’in Web UI’ye eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 adres de yer alacakt\u0131r. Genellikle bu adres http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8384<\/code> veya http:\/\/localhost:8384<\/code> olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nSyncthing varsay\u0131lan olarak yaln\u0131zca yerel makineden eri\u015filebilir olacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n
Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve Syncthing’in terminalde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi adrese gidin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/localhost:8384<\/code>). Syncthing’in web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\nE\u011fer Web UI’ye eri\u015femiyorsan\u0131z, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n (firewall) 8384 numaral\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131 engellemedi\u011finden emin olun. Ubuntu 14.04’te yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanarak bu ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 8384\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\nUzak Bir Makineden Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
Syncthing’i bir sunucuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve Web UI’ye ba\u015fka bir bilgisayardan eri\u015fmek istiyorsan\u0131z, config.xml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n1. Syncthing’i durdurun (terminalde Ctrl+C<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na basarak veya e\u011fer servis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa sudo stop syncthing<\/code> komutuyla).
\n2. Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyiciyle a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\nnano ~\/.config\/syncthing\/config.xml<\/code><\/pre>\n3. Dosya i\u00e7inde <\/code> etiketini bulun. Bu etiketin i\u00e7inde <\/p>\n<\/code> etiketini g\u00f6receksiniz. Varsay\u0131lan olarak bu <\/p>\n127.0.0.1:8384<\/address>\n<\/code> \u015feklinde olacakt\u0131r. Bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
0.0.0.0:8384<\/address><\/code><\/pre>\n 0.0.0.0<\/code> kullanmak, Syncthing’in Web UI’ye t\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinden eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Belirli bir IP adresinden eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak isterseniz, 0.0.0.0<\/code> yerine o IP adresini de yazabilirsiniz.
\n4. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Ctrl+O<\/code>, Enter<\/code>, Ctrl+X<\/code>).
\n5. Syncthing’i yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\nsyncthing<\/code><\/pre>\n6. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zda 8384 portunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun (yukar\u0131daki sudo ufw allow 8384\/tcp<\/code> komutu).<\/p>\n\u015eimdi, a\u011fdaki ba\u015fka bir bilgisayardan Syncthing’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z makinenin IP adresi ve 8384 portu ile Web UI’ye eri\u015febilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/192.168.1.100:8384<\/code>).<\/p>\nSyncthing Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc G\u00fcvenli Hale Getirme<\/h3>\n
Web UI’yi uzaktan eri\u015fime a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya hassas verileri y\u00f6netti\u011finizde, aray\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Parola Belirleme<\/h4>\n
1. Syncthing Web UI’de sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fedeki “Actions” (Eylemler) men\u00fcs\u00fcne t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Settings” (Ayarlar) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n2. Sol men\u00fcden “GUI” (Grafiksel Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Aray\u00fcz\u00fc) sekmesine ge\u00e7in.
\n3. “GUI Authentication User” (GUI Kimlik Do\u011frulama Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) alan\u0131na bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve “GUI Authentication Password” (GUI Kimlik Do\u011frulama Parolas\u0131) alan\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola girin.
\n4. “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n5. Syncthing, de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyecektir. “Restart” (Yeniden Ba\u015flat) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klayarak yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k Web UI’ye eri\u015fmek istedi\u011finizde kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve parolan\u0131z\u0131 girmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
HTTPS Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Parolaya ek olarak, Web UI trafi\u011fini \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in HTTPS kullanmak \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n
1. Yine “Settings” -> “GUI” sekmesine gidin.
\n2. “HTTPS GUI” se\u00e7ene\u011finin yan\u0131ndaki kutucu\u011fu i\u015faretleyin.
\n3. “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n ve Syncthing’i yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Syncthing, kendi kendine imzal\u0131 bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z bu sertifikan\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir, ancak bu beklenen bir durumdur. G\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131ya devam etmek i\u00e7in taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdaki uyar\u0131y\u0131 kabul edebilirsiniz. Art\u0131k Web UI’ye https:\/\/<\/code> ile eri\u015fmeniz gerekecektir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, https:\/\/localhost:8384<\/code>).<\/p>\nSyncthing’i Bir Servis Olarak \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (Upstart Kullanarak)<\/h3>\n
Syncthing’i manuel olarak terminalden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, terminal penceresini kapatana kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ancak, Syncthing’in sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve arka planda s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir servis olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Ubuntu 14.04, Systemd yerine Upstart init sistemini kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Syncthing i\u00e7in bir Upstart yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Upstart Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Syncthing’i belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Syncthing’i y\u00fckledi\u011finiz kullan\u0131c\u0131). Bu, Syncthing’in sadece o kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n eri\u015febildi\u011fi dosyalara eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar ve g\u00fcvenlik risklerini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. syncthing<\/code> servisi i\u00e7in bir Upstart yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/etc\/init\/syncthing.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n2. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. YOUR_USERNAME<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Syncthing’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z kullanici<\/code> ise, setuid kullanici<\/code> ve setgid kullanici<\/code> yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n# syncthing - Syncthing\n #\n # The decentralized file synchronisation application.\n\n description \"Syncthing - Decentralized file synchronisation\"\n author \"The Syncthing Team \"\n\n start on filesystem and net-device-up IFACE=lo\n stop on runlevel [!2345]\n\n # If the process quits, automatically restart it.\n respawn\n respawn limit 5 60 # give up restart after 5 retries in 60 seconds\n\n # The user and group that Syncthing will run as.\n # IMPORTANT: Replace 'YOUR_USERNAME' with your actual username.\n setuid YOUR_USERNAME\n setgid YOUR_USERNAME\n\n # Nice level, 0 is normal, 19 is lowest priority\n nice 10\n\n # The actual process to start.\n # -no-browser: Prevents Syncthing from trying to open a web browser on startup.\n # -no-restart: Prevents Syncthing from restarting itself after config changes,\n # letting Upstart handle restarts.\n exec \/usr\/bin\/syncthing -no-browser -no-restart -logflags=0<\/code><\/pre>\n * setuid YOUR_USERNAME<\/code> ve setgid YOUR_USERNAME<\/code>: Bu sat\u0131rlar Syncthing’in belirtilen kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup kimli\u011fiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, dosya izinleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.
\n * exec \/usr\/bin\/syncthing -no-browser -no-restart -logflags=0<\/code>: Bu, Syncthing y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir dosyas\u0131n\u0131n tam yoludur. -no-browser<\/code> Web UI’yi otomatik a\u00e7may\u0131 engeller, -no-restart<\/code> ise Upstart’\u0131n yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 y\u00f6netmesini sa\u011flar, -logflags=0<\/code> ise log \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha sade hale getirir.
\n3. Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\nSyncthing Servisini Ba\u015flatma, Durdurma ve Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Art\u0131k Syncthing’i bir Upstart servisi olarak y\u00f6netebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
* Syncthing servisini ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo start syncthing<\/code><\/pre>\n* Syncthing servisini durdurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo stop syncthing<\/code><\/pre>\n* Syncthing servisini yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo restart syncthing<\/code><\/pre>\n* Syncthing servisinin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo status syncthing<\/code><\/pre>\n Servis ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da “syncthing start\/running” gibi bir ifade g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Syncthing art\u0131k sistem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flayacak ve arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Web UI’ye eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanmaya devam edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Dizinleri Senkronize Etme<\/h3>\n
Syncthing’in temel i\u015flevi, birden fazla cihaz aras\u0131nda klas\u00f6rleri senkronize etmektir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Syncthing Web UI kullanarak nas\u0131l cihaz ekleyece\u011finizi ve klas\u00f6rleri senkronize edece\u011finizi a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n
Uzak Bir Cihaz Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Syncthing, cihazlar\u0131 “Cihaz Kimli\u011fi” ad\u0131 verilen benzersiz bir tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 kullanarak birbirine ba\u011flar. Bu kimlik, her Syncthing kurulumu i\u00e7in otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulur ve uzun bir karakter dizisidir.<\/p>\n
1. Cihaz Kimli\u011fini Bulma:<\/strong>
\n * Syncthing Web UI’de, sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fedeki “Actions” (Eylemler) men\u00fcs\u00fcne t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Show ID” (Kimli\u011fi G\u00f6ster) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n * A\u00e7\u0131lan pencerede cihaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kimli\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu kimli\u011fi kopyalay\u0131n. Di\u011fer cihaz\u0131n kimli\u011fini de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bulman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n2. Cihaz Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n * Syncthing Web UI’de, sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki “Add Remote Device” (Uzak Cihaz Ekle) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n * “Device ID” (Cihaz Kimli\u011fi) alan\u0131na, senkronize etmek istedi\u011finiz di\u011fer cihaz\u0131n kimli\u011fini yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.
\n * “Device Name” (Cihaz Ad\u0131) alan\u0131na, bu cihaza kolayca tan\u0131yabilece\u011finiz bir ad verin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, “Laptopum”, “Sunucu2”).
\n * “Introducer” (Tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131) se\u00e7ene\u011fi, bu cihaz\u0131n di\u011fer cihazlara yeni cihazlar\u0131 tan\u0131tmas\u0131na izin verir. Genellikle varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.
\n * “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\nUzak cihaz\u0131n\u0131z, Syncthing aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn “Remote Devices” (Uzak Cihazlar) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde “Disconnected” (Ba\u011fl\u0131 De\u011fil) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir. Di\u011fer cihazda da bu cihaz\u0131 eklemeniz ve ba\u011flant\u0131 iste\u011fini kabul etmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Dizin Ekleme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi senkronize etmek istedi\u011finiz bir klas\u00f6r\u00fc Syncthing’e ekleyelim.<\/p>\n
1. Syncthing Web UI’de, sol alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki “Add Folder” (Klas\u00f6r Ekle) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2. A\u00e7\u0131lan pencerede a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgileri girin:
\n * Folder Label (Klas\u00f6r Etiketi):<\/strong> Bu, Web UI’de klas\u00f6r\u00fc tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir isimdir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, “Belgelerim”, “Foto\u011fraflar”).
\n * Folder ID (Klas\u00f6r Kimli\u011fi):<\/strong> Bu, klas\u00f6r\u00fcn benzersiz kimli\u011fidir. Genellikle otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulan de\u011feri kullanabilirsiniz, ancak isterseniz de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, my-documents<\/code>). Bu kimlik, di\u011fer cihazlarda ayn\u0131 klas\u00f6r\u00fc tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\n * Folder Path (Klas\u00f6r Yolu):<\/strong> Bu, senkronize etmek istedi\u011finiz klas\u00f6r\u00fcn yerel dosya sisteminizdeki tam yoludur (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/home\/YOUR_USERNAME\/Belgelerim<\/code>). Klas\u00f6r\u00fcn var oldu\u011fundan ve Syncthing’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu klas\u00f6re okuma\/yazma eri\u015fimi oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n3. “Versioning” (S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme) sekmesinde, dosyalar\u0131n eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini saklamak isteyip istemedi\u011finizi yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz. Varsay\u0131lan olarak kapal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n4. “Ignore Patterns” (Yoksayma Desenleri) sekmesinde, senkronize edilmesini istemedi\u011finiz dosya ve dizinleri belirtebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, .git<\/code>, *.tmp<\/code>).
\n5. “Advanced” (Geli\u015fmi\u015f) sekmesinde, klas\u00f6r\u00fcn senkronizasyon davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayabilirsiniz:
\n * Folder Type (Klas\u00f6r T\u00fcr\u00fc):<\/strong>
\n * Send & Receive (G\u00f6nder ve Al)<\/code>: Hem bu cihazdan di\u011fer cihazlara dosya g\u00f6nderir hem de di\u011fer cihazlardan dosya al\u0131r (varsay\u0131lan).
\n * Send Only (Sadece G\u00f6nder)<\/code>: Bu klas\u00f6rdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler di\u011fer cihazlara g\u00f6nderilir, ancak bu cihaz ba\u015fka cihazlardan de\u011fi\u015fiklik almaz.
\n * Receive Only (Sadece Al)<\/code>: Bu klas\u00f6r di\u011fer cihazlardan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri al\u0131r, ancak bu cihazdaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler di\u011fer cihazlara g\u00f6nderilmez.
\n * Di\u011fer geli\u015fmi\u015f ayarlar\u0131 (tarama aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, dosya tarama modu vb.) \u015fimdilik varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.
\n6. “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\nKlas\u00f6r\u00fc Cihazlarla Payla\u015fma<\/h4>\n
Bir klas\u00f6r ekledikten sonra, Syncthing size bu klas\u00f6r\u00fc hangi uzak cihazlarla payla\u015fmak istedi\u011finizi soracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. “Add Folder” i\u015fleminden sonra a\u00e7\u0131lan pencerede veya ana Syncthing ekran\u0131nda yeni ekledi\u011finiz klas\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2. “Sharing” (Payla\u015f\u0131m) sekmesine gidin.
\n3. Bu klas\u00f6r\u00fc senkronize etmek istedi\u011finiz uzak cihazlar\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki kutucuklar\u0131 i\u015faretleyin.
\n4. “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Uzak Cihazda Klas\u00f6r\u00fc Kabul Etme<\/h4>\n
Di\u011fer Syncthing cihaz\u0131n\u0131zda (daha \u00f6nce ekledi\u011finiz uzak cihaz), Web UI’de yeni bir klas\u00f6r\u00fcn payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir bildirim g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
1. Uzak cihaz\u0131n Web UI’sinde, payla\u015f\u0131lan klas\u00f6r\u00fc kabul etmek i\u00e7in bildirime t\u0131klay\u0131n veya “Add” (Ekle) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2. “Folder Label” ve “Folder ID” otomatik olarak doldurulacakt\u0131r.
\n3. “Folder Path” (Klas\u00f6r Yolu) alan\u0131na, bu klas\u00f6r\u00fcn uzak cihazda nerede depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011finizi belirtin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/home\/kullanici\/Senkronize_Belgeler<\/code>). Bu klas\u00f6r\u00fcn var oldu\u011fundan ve Syncthing kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n eri\u015fimi oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n4. “Folder Type” (Klas\u00f6r T\u00fcr\u00fc) se\u00e7ene\u011fini uygun \u015fekilde ayarlay\u0131n (genellikle Send & Receive<\/code>).
\n5. “Save” (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\nHer iki cihazda da klas\u00f6rler kabul edildi\u011finde ve Syncthing \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda oldu\u011funda, dosyalar senkronize olmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Web UI’de klas\u00f6rlerin durumu “Up to Date” (G\u00fcncel) veya “Syncing” (Senkronize Ediliyor) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
Syncthing, temel dosya senkronizasyonunun \u00f6tesinde bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellik ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7ene\u011fi sunar.<\/p>\n
Yoksayma Desenleri (.stignore<\/code>)<\/h4>\nHer klas\u00f6r i\u00e7in .stignore<\/code> ad\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir dosya olu\u015fturarak belirli dosya veya dizinlerin senkronize edilmesini engelleyebilirsiniz. Bu dosya, klas\u00f6r\u00fcn k\u00f6k dizininde bulunur.<\/p>\n <\/em>.tmp<\/code>: T\u00fcm .tmp<\/code> uzant\u0131l\u0131 dosyalar\u0131 yoksayar.
\n* \/build<\/code>: Klas\u00f6r\u00fcn k\u00f6k\u00fcndeki build<\/code> dizinini yoksayar.
\n* temp\/<\/code>: T\u00fcm temp<\/code> dizinlerini (alt dizinler dahil) yoksayar.
\n !important.txt<\/code>: important.txt<\/code> d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm .txt<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 yoksayar (\u00f6nce <\/em>.txt<\/code> ile yoksay\u0131p sonra !<\/code> ile istisna belirtebilirsiniz).<\/p>\n.stignore<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan Web UI’deki “Folder Edit” (Klas\u00f6r D\u00fczenle) ekran\u0131n\u0131n “Ignore Patterns” sekmesinden d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\nS\u00fcr\u00fcmleme (Versioning)<\/h4>\n
Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla silinen veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilen dosyalar\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Syncthing, dosyalar\u0131n eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini saklayabilir. Bu \u00f6zellik, klas\u00f6r baz\u0131nda yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* Simple Versioning (Basit S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme):<\/strong> Belirtilen say\u0131da eski s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc saklar.
\n* Staggered Versioning (Kademeli S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme):<\/strong> Belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca (dakika, saat, g\u00fcn, hafta, ay) belirli say\u0131da s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc saklar. Bu, daha eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin daha az s\u0131kl\u0131kta tutuldu\u011fu, daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin ise daha s\u0131k tutuldu\u011fu bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.
\n* External Versioning (Harici S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme):<\/strong> Harici bir beti\u011fi kullanarak s\u00fcr\u00fcmlemeyi y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\nS\u00fcr\u00fcmleme ayarlar\u0131n\u0131, her klas\u00f6r\u00fcn “Edit Folder” (Klas\u00f6r\u00fc D\u00fczenle) penceresindeki “Versioning” (S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme) sekmesinden yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel ve Yerel Ke\u015fif<\/h4>\n
* Local Discovery (Yerel Ke\u015fif):<\/strong> Syncthing, yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki di\u011fer Syncthing cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak bulmak i\u00e7in yay\u0131n (broadcast) yapar.
\n* Global Discovery (K\u00fcresel Ke\u015fif):<\/strong> Syncthing, internet \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer Syncthing cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in Syncthing’in k\u00fcresel ke\u015fif sunucular\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu, cihazlar\u0131n\u0131z farkl\u0131 a\u011flardaysa \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\nBu ayarlar, “Settings” (Ayarlar) -> “Connections” (Ba\u011flant\u0131lar) sekmesinde bulunur. E\u011fer cihazlar do\u011frudan birbirine ba\u011flanam\u0131yorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin, NAT veya g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 nedeniyle), Syncthing r\u00f6le sunucular\u0131 (relay servers) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Kurallar\u0131 (Tekrar)<\/h4>\n
Syncthing’in sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun:
\n* TCP 8384:<\/strong> Syncthing Web UI.
\n* TCP 22000:<\/strong> Cihazlar aras\u0131 veri senkronizasyonu i\u00e7in ana port.
\n* UDP 21027:<\/strong> Yerel a\u011fdaki cihaz ke\u015ffi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\nUFW i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek komutlar:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 8384\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 22000\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 21027\/udp\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\nPerformans ve Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck dosya setleri veya yava\u015f a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Syncthing’in performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek isteyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
* Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131:<\/strong> “Settings” (Ayarlar) -> “Connections” (Ba\u011flant\u0131lar) sekmesinde, genel g\u00f6nderim ve al\u0131m bant geni\u015fli\u011fi limitlerini ayarlayabilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca her uzak cihaz i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 limitler belirleyebilirsiniz.
\n* Tarama Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Klas\u00f6rlerin “Advanced” (Geli\u015fmi\u015f) sekmesinde “Scan Interval” (Tarama Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131) ayar\u0131 bulunur. Bu, Syncthing’in klas\u00f6rdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ne s\u0131kl\u0131kta tarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Daha uzun aral\u0131klar CPU kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ancak de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin senkronize edilme s\u00fcresini uzat\u0131r.
\n* Dosya Tarama Modu:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan olarak Syncthing, dosya i\u00e7eri\u011finin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 okuyarak hash’ini al\u0131r. “Filesystem Watcher” (Dosya Sistemi G\u00f6zlemcisi) etkinle\u015ftirilirse (varsay\u0131lan), Syncthing de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri an\u0131nda alg\u0131lar.<\/p>\nG\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
* UI Parolas\u0131 ve HTTPS:<\/strong> Web UI’nizi her zaman parola ile koruyun ve HTTPS’yi etkinle\u015ftirin.
\n* G\u00fcvenilir Cihazlar:<\/strong> Yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvendi\u011finiz cihazlar\u0131 Syncthing a\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ekleyin. Cihaz kimliklerini dikkatlice do\u011frulay\u0131n.
\n* Dosya \u0130zinleri:<\/strong> Syncthing’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n senkronize edilen klas\u00f6rlere sadece gerekli izinlere sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n* S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6nemli klas\u00f6rler i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcmlemeyi etkinle\u015ftirerek veri kayb\u0131 riskini azalt\u0131n.<\/p>\nYayg\u0131n Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Syncthing kurulumu ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri.<\/p>\n
Cihazlar Ba\u011flanm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n
* G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> Her iki cihazda da Syncthing i\u00e7in gerekli portlar\u0131n (TCP 22000, UDP 21027) a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n* Cihaz Kimlikleri:<\/strong> Cihaz kimliklerinin do\u011fru girildi\u011finden emin olun. Herhangi bir yaz\u0131m hatas\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 engelleyecektir.
\n* A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Cihazlar\u0131n genel olarak birbirine eri\u015fip eri\u015femedi\u011fini kontrol edin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ping<\/code> komutu ile).
\n* K\u00fcresel Ke\u015fif:<\/strong> Cihazlar farkl\u0131 a\u011flardaysa, her iki cihazda da “Global Discovery” (K\u00fcresel Ke\u015fif) \u00f6zelli\u011finin etkin oldu\u011fundan emin olun (“Settings” -> “Connections”).
\n* R\u00f6le Sunucular\u0131:<\/strong> E\u011fer do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, Syncthing r\u00f6le sunucular\u0131 \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. “Settings” -> “Connections” alt\u0131nda “Enable Relaying” (R\u00f6lelemeyi Etkinle\u015ftir) se\u00e7ene\u011finin i\u015faretli oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\nKlas\u00f6rler Senkronize Edilmiyor<\/h4>\n
* Dosya Yollar\u0131:<\/strong> Her iki cihazda da klas\u00f6r yollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n* \u0130zinler:<\/strong> Syncthing’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n senkronize edilen klas\u00f6rlere ve i\u00e7indeki dosyalara okuma\/yazma izinleri oldu\u011fundan emin olun. \u00d6zellikle yeni olu\u015fturulan klas\u00f6rler i\u00e7in izinleri kontrol edin (ls -l<\/code>, chmod<\/code>, chown<\/code>).
\n* Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Her iki cihazda da senkronize edilecek dosyalar i\u00e7in yeterli disk alan\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n* Yoksayma Desenleri:<\/strong> .stignore<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla senkronize edilmesi istenen dosyalar\u0131n yoksay\u0131l\u0131p yoksay\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n* Klas\u00f6r T\u00fcr\u00fc:<\/strong> Klas\u00f6r t\u00fcrlerinin (Send Only, Receive Only, Send & Receive) do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. \u00d6rne\u011fin, her iki taraf da “Receive Only” ise hi\u00e7bir dosya senkronize olmaz.
\n* Hata Mesajlar\u0131:<\/strong> Syncthing Web UI’deki “Errors” (Hatalar) sekmesini veya terminal \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\nY\u00fcksek Kaynak Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n
* B\u00fcy\u00fck Say\u0131da Dosya:<\/strong> \u00c7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dosya veya \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar, Syncthing’in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta veya s\u0131k taramalarda y\u00fcksek CPU\/RAM kullanmas\u0131na neden olabilir.
\n* Tarama Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Klas\u00f6rlerin “Scan Interval” (Tarama Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131) ayar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak tarama s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131n.
\n* Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131:<\/strong> “Settings” -> “Connections” alt\u0131ndaki bant geni\u015fli\u011fi limitlerini kullanarak a\u011f kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n.
\n* Dosya Sistemi G\u00f6zlemcisi:<\/strong> E\u011fer dosya sistemi g\u00f6zlemcisi d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin, a\u011f payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda), Syncthing daha s\u0131k tam taramalar yapmak zorunda kalabilir.<\/p>\nSonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Syncthing’i kurma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Syncthing, merkezi olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131, u\u00e7tan uca \u015fifrelemesi ve esnek yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleriyle, dosya senkronizasyonu i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli bir alternatif sunar.<\/p>\n
Kurulumun ard\u0131ndan, Syncthing’in web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak cihazlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flamay\u0131, senkronize edilecek klas\u00f6rleri tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 ve bu klas\u00f6rleri g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde payla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Ayr\u0131ca, Web UI’yi parola ve HTTPS ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131k. \u00d6zellikle Ubuntu 14.04’\u00fcn Upstart init sistemini kullanmas\u0131 nedeniyle, Syncthing’i bir servis olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir Upstart beti\u011fi olu\u015fturduk, bu sayede Syncthing’in sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 ve arka planda s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri, yoksayma desenleri, s\u00fcr\u00fcmleme, ke\u015fif mekanizmalar\u0131 ve performans optimizasyonlar\u0131 gibi konulara de\u011finerek, Syncthing’i kendi \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re nas\u0131l uyarlayabilece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterdik. Son olarak, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek yayg\u0131n sorunlara y\u00f6nelik sorun giderme ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunarak, Syncthing deneyiminizi daha sorunsuz hale getirmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Syncthing, verilerinizin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc size geri veren, gizlili\u011fe odakl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Bu makaledeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ederek, Ubuntu 14.04 sistemlerinizde g\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir dosya senkronizasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131 kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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