\u00dcretim ortam\u0131ndaki bir sanal makinenin aniden eri\u015filemez hale gelmesi, her DevOps m\u00fchendisinin veya sistem y\u00f6neticisinin k\u00e2busudur. Peki ya bu eri\u015filemezlik sadece SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kopmas\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011filse? Ya Azure Linux Agent’\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa ve hatta i\u015fletim sistemi diski bile bozulmu\u015fsa? \u0130\u015fte tam da b\u00f6yle bir senaryoyu, Azure \u00fczerindeki kritik bir Linux sanal makinesini nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00fcmden d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131yla anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ger\u00e7ek bir sava\u015f hikayesiyle kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zday\u0131z. Bu makale, sadece teknik bir rehber olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, kriz an\u0131nda nas\u0131l sakin kal\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sistematik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve problem \u00e7\u00f6zme yeteneklerinin \u00f6nemini de g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serecektir.<\/p>\n
Her \u015fey, bir sabah erken saatlerde monitoring sistemlerimizden gelen bir dizi uyar\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Kritik bir \u00fcretim sunucusunun yan\u0131t vermedi\u011fi, \u00fczerindeki uygulaman\u0131n eri\u015filemez oldu\u011fu bilgisi h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk ba\u015fta basit bir a\u011f sorunu veya uygulama donmas\u0131 zannetti\u011fimiz durum, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve ciddi bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Sunucuya SSH ile ba\u011flanma denemelerimiz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ba\u011flant\u0131 zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fruyor, herhangi bir yan\u0131t alam\u0131yorduk. Bu durum, sunucunun a\u011f katman\u0131nda bir sorun olabilece\u011fi veya SSH servisiyle ilgili ciddi bir problem ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu. Ancak daha derine indi\u011fimizde, sorunun \u00e7ok daha temel bir seviyede oldu\u011funu fark ettik. Sunucunun ping iste\u011fine dahi yan\u0131t vermemesi, a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinin veya i\u015fletim sisteminin tamamen \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f olabilece\u011fi ihtimalini ak\u0131llara getirdi.<\/p>\n
Azure portal\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, sanal makinenin durumunun “Running” (\u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi ilk ba\u015fta yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak VM’in “Overview” (Genel Bak\u0131\u015f) sayfas\u0131ndaki “Agent Status” (Arac\u0131 Durumu) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde “Not Ready” (Haz\u0131r De\u011fil) veya “Agent Status Unknown” (Arac\u0131 Durumu Bilinmiyor) gibi mesajlar belirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, Azure Linux Agent’\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Azure’\u0131n VM \u00fczerinde herhangi bir y\u00f6netimsel i\u015flem (uzant\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, parola s\u0131f\u0131rlama vb.) yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Daha da endi\u015fe verici olan, “Boot Diagnostics” (\u00d6ny\u00fckleme Tan\u0131lamas\u0131) ekran\u0131nda tak\u0131l\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6ny\u00fckleme mesaj\u0131 veya hata ekran\u0131 g\u00f6rmemizdi. Bu, i\u015fletim sisteminin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flat\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair net bir kan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu sanal makine, \u015firketimiz i\u00e7in kritik bir uygulaman\u0131n ana sunucusuydu. Eri\u015filemez olmas\u0131, do\u011frudan m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetlerinin aksamas\u0131na ve gelir kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Durumun aciliyeti, t\u00fcm ekibi bir araya getirdi ve sorunu en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u00e7aba i\u00e7ine girmemizi gerektirdi. Bask\u0131 y\u00fcksekti, ancak panik yapmak yerine sistematik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemek zorundayd\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Kriz an\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan biri, sorunun tam olarak ne oldu\u011funu ve ne kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini anlamakt\u0131r. Bu, do\u011fru kurtarma stratejisini belirlemek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk incelemeler, sorunun tahmin etti\u011fimizden daha katmanl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
SSH ba\u011flant\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 genellikle ilk fark edilen belirtidir. Sunucuya ba\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda “Connection refused”, “Connection timed out” veya “No route to host” gibi hatalar al\u0131yorduk. Bu, SSH servisiyle ilgili bir problemden (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f), g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131ndan veya a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131 sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilir. Ancak ping de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, sorunun daha derinde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Azure Linux Agent, Azure VM’lerinin y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in kritik bir bile\u015fendir. Uzant\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesi, parola s\u0131f\u0131rlama, veri disklerinin y\u00f6netimi gibi bir\u00e7ok i\u015flem bu agent \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. Portalda “Not Ready” olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi, agent’\u0131n ya hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da i\u015fletim sistemiyle ileti\u015fim kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bu durum, standart Azure kurtarma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmam\u0131z\u0131 engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in i\u015fleri daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Boot Diagnostics ekran\u0131ndaki tak\u0131l\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f \u00f6ny\u00fckleme mesajlar\u0131, i\u015fletim sistemi diskinin bozulmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesini do\u011furdu. Disk \u00fczerindeki dosya sistemi hatalar\u0131, bozuk \u00f6ny\u00fckleme kay\u0131tlar\u0131 veya kritik sistem dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi, i\u015fletim sisteminin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir. Bu, en ciddi sorunlardan biriydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011frudan veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit ediyordu.<\/p>\n
Azure’\u0131n sundu\u011fu “Boot Diagnostics” ve “Seri Konsol” \u00f6zellikleri bu a\u015famada alt\u0131n de\u011ferindeydi. Boot Diagnostics, VM’in \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u00fcrecinin ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini veya seri konsol g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flar. Bizim durumumuzda, seri konsol \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirli bir a\u015famada tak\u0131l\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dosya sistemiyle ilgili hatalar verdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. Bu, i\u015fletim sistemi diskinin ger\u00e7ekten de sorunlu oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131 ve bizi bir sonraki ad\u0131ma y\u00f6nlendirdi.<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunun \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, tek bir sihirli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm beklemek yerine, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ve kontroll\u00fc bir kurtarma stratejisi olu\u015fturmak zorundayd\u0131k. \u00d6nceli\u011fimiz veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve ard\u0131ndan i\u015fletim sistemini onarmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir kurtarma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, mevcut durumdaki verilerin zarar g\u00f6rmemesini sa\u011flamak en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ilk olarak sanal makinenin i\u015fletim sistemi diskinin anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc (snapshot) ald\u0131k. Bu anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, olas\u0131 bir yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131mda geri d\u00f6nebilece\u011fimiz bir kurtarma noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Ayr\u0131ca, veri diskleri ayr\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n durumunu da kontrol ettik ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 teyit ettik.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fletim sistemi diski bozuk oldu\u011fu ve VM’e do\u011frudan eri\u015femedi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in, ana VM’in diskini ba\u011flayabilece\u011fimiz yeni bir “kurtarma VM’i” olu\u015fturmaya karar verdik. Bu kurtarma VM’i, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ve ayn\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemi ailesinden (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ubuntu ise yine Ubuntu) olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sayede, bozuk diski bu yeni VM’e ikincil bir disk olarak ba\u011flay\u0131p, \u00fczerindeki dosya sistemini onarabilecek ve gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapabilecektik.<\/p>\n
Kurtarma plan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetledik:<\/p>\n
Kurtarma plan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en kritik a\u015famas\u0131, bozuk i\u015fletim sistemi diskini onarmakt\u0131. Bu a\u015fama, dikkatli ve do\u011fru komutlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyordu.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak, orijinal VM’in i\u015fletim sistemi diskini (veya anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz yeni bir diski) kurtarma VM’imize ba\u011flad\u0131k. Bu i\u015flem Azure portal\u0131ndan veya Azure CLI \u00fczerinden yap\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n
# Disk ad\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynak grubunu belirle\nOS_DISK_NAME=\"my-original-vm_OsDisk_1_xxxx\"\nRG_NAME=\"my-resource-group\"\nRECOVERY_VM_NAME=\"my-recovery-vm\"\n\n# Diski kurtarma VM'ine veri diski olarak ba\u011fla\naz vm disk attach \\\n --vm-name $RECOVERY_VM_NAME \\\n --name $OS_DISK_NAME \\\n --resource-group $RG_NAME \\\n --sku Standard_LRS \\\n --query \"{id:id}\" -o tsv\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
Ba\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra, kurtarma VM'ine SSH ile ba\u011flan\u0131p lsblk<\/code> komutuyla diskin g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulad\u0131k (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/dev\/sdc<\/code> olarak).<\/p>\nDosya Sistemi Kontrol\u00fc ve Onar\u0131m\u0131 (fsck)<\/h3>\n
Ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z diski bir dizine ba\u011flamadan \u00f6nce, \u00fczerinde dosya sistemi kontrol\u00fc ve onar\u0131m\u0131 yapmam\u0131z gerekiyordu. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in fsck<\/code> (file system check) komutunu kulland\u0131k:<\/p>\n# Diskin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini listele (genellikle sdc1 olur)\nsudo fdisk -l \/dev\/sdc\n\n# Dosya sistemini kontrol et ve onar\n# -y parametresi t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak \"evet\" yan\u0131t\u0131 verir\nsudo fsck -y \/dev\/sdc1\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
fsck<\/code> komutu, disk \u00fczerindeki tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 buldu ve otomatik olarak onarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu i\u015flem, diskin boyutuna ve hasar\u0131n derecesine g\u00f6re biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\nKritik Sistem Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Geri Y\u00fckleme\/D\u00fczeltme<\/h3>\n
Dosya sistemi onar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, diski kurtarma VM'indeki bir dizine ba\u011flad\u0131k:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir \/mnt\/original_os\nsudo mount \/dev\/sdc1 \/mnt\/original_os\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, chroot<\/code> ortam\u0131na ge\u00e7erek orijinal i\u015fletim sistemi ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bu, orijinal VM'in k\u00f6k dizinini kurtarma VM'inin k\u00f6k dizini gibi kullanmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131:<\/p>\n# Gerekli ba\u011flamalar\u0131 yap\nsudo mount --bind \/dev \/mnt\/original_os\/dev\nsudo mount --bind \/proc \/mnt\/original_os\/proc\nsudo mount --bind \/sys \/mnt\/original_os\/sys\n\n# Chroot ortam\u0131na ge\u00e7\nsudo chroot \/mnt\/original_os \/bin\/bash\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
Chroot ortam\u0131nda, i\u015fletim sisteminin neden ba\u015flat\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 arad\u0131k. Kontrol etti\u011fimiz ba\u015fl\u0131ca dosyalar \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n\/etc\/fstab<\/code>: Yanl\u0131\u015f disk UUID'leri veya ba\u011flama se\u00e7enekleri \u00f6ny\u00fcklemeyi engelleyebilir.<\/li>\n\/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg<\/code>: \u00d6ny\u00fckleyici yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131.<\/li>\n\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code>: SSH servisi yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131.<\/li>\n\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code>, \/var\/log\/boot.log<\/code>: Sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u00d6zellikle \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir giri\u015f bulduk ve d\u00fczelttik. Ayr\u0131ca, SSH servisiyle ilgili potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 varsay\u0131lan ayarlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p gerekli d\u00fczenlemeleri yapt\u0131k.<\/p>\nBoot Loader (GRUB) Onar\u0131m\u0131 (gerekiyorsa)<\/h3>\n
E\u011fer sorun \u00f6ny\u00fckleyici (GRUB) ile ilgiliyse, chroot ortam\u0131nda GRUB'u yeniden y\u00fcklemek gerekebilir:<\/p>\n
# GRUB'u yeniden y\u00fckle (diskin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc belirt)\ngrub-install \/dev\/sdc\n\n# GRUB yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelle\nupdate-grub\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
Bizim durumumuzda, fstab<\/code> hatas\u0131 daha bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in GRUB onar\u0131m\u0131na gerek kalmad\u0131, ancak bu ad\u0131m ciddi \u00f6ny\u00fckleme sorunlar\u0131nda hayati olabilir.<\/p>\nSSH ve Azure Linux Agent Sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 Giderme<\/h2>\n
\u0130\u015fletim sistemi diski \u00fczerindeki temel sorunlar\u0131 giderdikten sonra, s\u0131ra SSH eri\u015fimini ve Azure Linux Agent'\u0131 yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale getirmeye geldi.<\/p>\n
SSH Konfig\u00fcrasyonunun Kontrol\u00fc ve D\u00fczeltilmesi<\/h3>\n
Chroot ortam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan ve diski orijinal VM'e ba\u011flamadan \u00f6nce, SSH yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kontrol ettik. \u00d6zellikle \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda PermitRootLogin no<\/code>, PasswordAuthentication no<\/code> gibi g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olduk. Ayr\u0131ca, SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n \/home\/kullanici_adi\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olduk. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kural\u0131 veya SSH servisini engelleyen ba\u015fka bir uygulama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol ettik.<\/p>\nAzure Linux Agent'\u0131n Yeniden Kurulumu\/Onar\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n
Azure Linux Agent'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131, Azure portal\u0131 \u00fczerinden VM'i y\u00f6netmemizi engelliyordu. Bu durumda, agent'\u0131 yeniden kurmak veya onarmak genellikle en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Chroot ortam\u0131ndayken, agent'\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p yeniden kurmay\u0131 denedik:<\/p>\n
# Chroot ortam\u0131nda (veya kurtarma VM'ine ba\u011fl\u0131yken)\n# Agent'\u0131 kald\u0131r\napt-get purge walinuxagent -y # Debian\/Ubuntu i\u00e7in\nyum erase walinuxagent -y # RHEL\/CentOS i\u00e7in\n\n# Gerekli paketleri ve agent'\u0131 yeniden kur\napt-get update\napt-get install walinuxagent -y\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/p>\n
Agent'\u0131n yeniden kurulumu, genellikle onun ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. Bu ad\u0131m, VM'in Azure ile tekrar ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u011f Konfig\u00fcrasyonunun Do\u011frulanmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Son olarak, a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olduk. \/etc\/netplan\/*.yaml<\/code> (Ubuntu) veya \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0<\/code> (RHEL\/CentOS) gibi dosyalarda yanl\u0131\u015f IP adresi, a\u011f ge\u00e7idi veya DNS ayarlar\u0131 \u00f6ny\u00fcklemeyi veya a\u011f eri\u015fimini engelleyebilir. Bu dosyalar\u0131 kontrol edip, Azure'\u0131n DHCP \u00fczerinden do\u011fru a\u011f ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131ndan emin olduk.<\/p>\nKurtarma Sonras\u0131 Kontroller ve Gelecek \u0130\u00e7in Dersler<\/h2>\n
T\u00fcm onar\u0131m i\u015flemlerini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, diski kurtarma VM'inden ay\u0131r\u0131p orijinal VM'e geri ba\u011flad\u0131k ve VM'i ba\u015flatt\u0131k. Bu an, t\u00fcm ekibin nefesini tuttu\u011fu and\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sanal Makinenin Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0130lk Kontroller<\/h3>\n
VM'i ba\u015flatt\u0131ktan sonra, ilk olarak Boot Diagnostics ekran\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ettik. Bu sefer, i\u015fletim sisteminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ny\u00fcklendi\u011fini ve login prompt'unun g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rahatlama oldu. Ard\u0131ndan SSH ile ba\u011flanmay\u0131 denedik ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131k! Azure portal\u0131nda da Agent Status'un \"Ready\" olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7eri girdikten sonra, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kontrolleri yapt\u0131k:<\/p>\n
\ndmesg<\/code>: \u00c7ekirdek mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek herhangi bir donan\u0131m veya disk hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131k.<\/li>\njournalctl -xe<\/code>: Sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini inceleyerek \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda herhangi bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ettik.<\/li>\nsystemctl status sshd<\/code> ve systemctl status walinuxagent<\/code>: SSH servisi ve Azure Linux Agent'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olduk.<\/li>\ndf -h<\/code> ve lsblk<\/code>: Disklerin do\u011fru ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dosya sistemlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131k.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nUygulama Katman\u0131 Testleri<\/h3>\n
Sistem seviyesindeki kontrollerden sonra, en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m, VM \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulaman\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamakt\u0131. Uygulama servislerini ba\u015flatt\u0131k, loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ettik ve son kullan\u0131c\u0131 eri\u015fimini test ettik. Her \u015feyin yolunda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, derin bir nefes alabildik.<\/p>\n
Otomasyon ve Yedekleme Stratejilerinin G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmesi<\/h3>\n
Bu olaydan \u00f6nemli dersler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k. Gelecekte benzer durumlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek veya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 att\u0131k:<\/p>\n
\n- D\u00fczenli Anl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler (Snapshots):<\/strong> Kritik VM'ler i\u00e7in daha s\u0131k ve otomatik anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc alma politikalar\u0131 uygulad\u0131k.<\/li>\n
- Otomatik Yedeklemeler:<\/strong> Azure Backup gibi servislerle d\u00fczenli yedeklemeleri zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131k ve geri y\u00fckleme testleri yapt\u0131k.<\/li>\n
- Azure Site Recovery:<\/strong> Felaket kurtarma senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik uygulamalar\u0131 Azure Site Recovery ile koruma alt\u0131na ald\u0131k.<\/li>\n
- \u0130zleme ve Uyar\u0131lar:<\/strong> Disk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, SSH servisi durumu ve Azure Linux Agent durumu i\u00e7in daha detayl\u0131 izleme ve uyar\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 kurduk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0130zleme ve Uyar\u0131 Sistemlerinin \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesi<\/h3>\n
Sadece VM'in \"Running\" olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda SSH servisinin eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini, Azure Linux Agent'\u0131n durumunu ve disk I\/O performans\u0131n\u0131 da izleyen daha geli\u015fmi\u015f uyar\u0131lar tan\u0131mlad\u0131k. Bu sayede, potansiyel sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha erken a\u015famada tespit edebilecektik.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\nNeden hem SSH hem de Agent bozuldu?<\/h3>\n
Bu durum genellikle i\u015fletim sistemi diskindeki ciddi bozulmalardan kaynaklan\u0131r. Disk hatalar\u0131, kritik sistem dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n (SSH yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, agent ikili dosyalar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar) zarar g\u00f6rmesine veya \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fletim sisteminin tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olabilir. \u0130\u015fletim sistemi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, SSH servisi de agent da do\u011fal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz.<\/p>\n
Kurtarma VM'i kullanmak yerine ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem var m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h3>\n
Azure, baz\u0131 durumlarda \"Run Command\" veya \"Reset Password\" gibi \u00f6zellikleri sunar. Ancak bu \u00f6zellikler, Azure Linux Agent'\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bizim senaryomuzda agent da bozuk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntemler i\u015fe yaramad\u0131. Seri konsol \u00fczerinden etkile\u015fimli eri\u015fim m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsayd\u0131, do\u011frudan VM \u00fczerinde onar\u0131m denemeleri yap\u0131labilirdi, ancak bizim durumumuzda \u00f6ny\u00fckleme tak\u0131l\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, diski ba\u015fka bir VM'e ba\u011flayarak onarmak en g\u00fcvenilir ve tek ge\u00e7erli y\u00f6ntemdi.<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr bir felaketi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h3>\n
\u00d6nleme, her zaman kurtarmadan daha iyidir:<\/p>\n
\n- D\u00fczenli Yedeklemeler ve Anl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler:<\/strong> Azure Backup ve VM anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ile veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyin ve h\u0131zl\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f noktalar\u0131 olu\u015fturun.<\/li>\n
- \u0130zleme ve Uyar\u0131lar:<\/strong> Disk I\/O, CPU, bellek, disk alan\u0131 ve kritik servislerin (SSH, Agent) durumunu s\u00fcrekli izleyin ve anormalliklerde uyar\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- G\u00fcncelleme Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletim sistemi ve uygulama g\u00fcncellemelerini kontroll\u00fc bir \u015fekilde, test ortamlar\u0131nda do\u011frulayarak uygulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- Yedekli Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar:<\/strong> M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, kritik uygulamalar\u0131 birden fazla VM \u00fczerinde (\u00f6rne\u011fin Load Balancer arkas\u0131nda) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak tek bir hata noktas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- Felaket Kurtarma Plan\u0131:<\/strong> Bir felaket kurtarma plan\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve d\u00fczenli olarak test edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Veri kayb\u0131 riski ne kadard\u0131?<\/h3>\n
Bu senaryoda veri kayb\u0131 riski olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksekti, \u00f6zellikle de i\u015fletim sistemi diski fiziksel olarak bozulmu\u015f olsayd\u0131. Ancak anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc alarak ve diski dikkatlice onararak veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebildik. Kurtarma i\u015flemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015f bir ad\u0131m veya disk \u00fczerindeki onar\u0131lamaz bir hasar, veri kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilirdi. Bu nedenle, kurtarma s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mutlaka bir anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc almak kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00dcretim ortam\u0131ndaki bir sanal makinenin aniden eri\u015filemez hale gelmesi, her DevOps m\u00fchendisinin veya sistem y\u00f6neticisinin k\u00e2busudur. Peki ya bu eri\u015file…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37566","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
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