{"id":37554,"date":"2026-01-08T22:40:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T19:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=37554"},"modified":"2026-01-08T22:40:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T19:40:51","slug":"ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

\u0130nternet d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin korunmas\u0131 ve web sitelerinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na hayati bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu ba\u011flamda, HTTPS protokol\u00fc (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) web siteleri ile kullan\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi \u015fifreleyerek hassas verilerin (kredi kart\u0131 bilgileri, \u015fifreler vb.) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesini engeller. Geleneksel olarak, SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131 almak ve y\u00f6netmek maliyetli ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. Ancak Let’s Encrypt’in devreye girmesiyle bu durum tamamen de\u011fi\u015fti. Let’s Encrypt, \u00fccretsiz, otomatik ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir sertifika yetkilisi (CA) olup, milyonlarca web sitesinin HTTPS kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak interneti daha g\u00fcvenli bir hale getirdi.<\/p>\n

Bu makalede, Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Apache web sunucusunda birden fazla sanal host (virtual host) i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Ubuntu 14.04, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu makalenin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte resmi deste\u011fi sona ermi\u015ftir. Ancak hala belirli ortamlarda kullan\u0131lmaya devam edebilir. Bu nedenle, bu eski s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z. Certbot istemcisini kullanarak sertifikalar\u0131 nas\u0131l alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00fcncelleyece\u011finizi ve sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n otomatik olarak nas\u0131l yenilenece\u011fini \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n

1. Ubuntu 14.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> SSH eri\u015fimi olan ve root<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip veya sudo<\/code> yetkisi olan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahip bir Ubuntu 14.04 sunucusu.
\n2. Apache2 Web Sunucusu:<\/strong> Apache2’nin sunucunuzda kurulu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. E\u011fer kurulu de\u011filse, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get install apache2\n    sudo service apache2 start<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Alan Adlar\u0131 (Domain Names):<\/strong> Sertifika almak istedi\u011finiz her bir sanal host i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli, kay\u0131tl\u0131 alan adlar\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu alan adlar\u0131n\u0131n DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (A\/AAAA kay\u0131tlar\u0131), sunucunuzun genel IP adresini g\u00f6stermelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, example.com<\/code> ve www.example.com<\/code> gibi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sertifika alacaksan\u0131z, bu alan adlar\u0131n\u0131n sunucunuzun IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n4.  Apache Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Her bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ayarlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Certbot, sertifika al\u0131rken bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 okur. \u00d6zellikle ServerName<\/code> ve ServerAlias<\/code> direktifleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n    *   \u00d6rnek bir sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/example.com.conf<\/code>):<\/p>\n
\n            ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com\n            ServerName example.com\n            ServerAlias www.example.com\n            DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example.com\/public_html\n            ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n            CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n        <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n etkinle\u015ftirildi\u011finden emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo a2ensite example.com.conf\n        sudo service apache2 reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunuzda bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (\u00f6rn. UFW) etkinse, HTTP (80) ve HTTPS (443) portlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Certbot, sertifika do\u011frulama i\u00e7in 80 numaral\u0131 portu kullan\u0131r ve web siteniz HTTPS \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir olmak i\u00e7in 443 numaral\u0131 portu kullan\u0131r.
\n    *   UFW i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek komutlar:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full' # Bu kural hem 80 hem de 443 portlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar\n        sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.  Sistem G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> En iyi uygulama olarak, ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sistem paketlerinizi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n
Certbot Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in Certbot ad\u0131nda bir istemci kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Ubuntu 14.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda Certbot’un en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmayabilir. Bu nedenle, Certbot’un resmi PPA’s\u0131n\u0131 (Personal Package Archive) eklememiz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
1.  Gerekli Paketleri Kurma:<\/strong>
\n    \u00d6ncelikle, PPA eklemek i\u00e7in gerekli olan software-properties-common<\/code> paketini kurun:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Certbot PPA’s\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    \u015eimdi Certbot’un PPA’s\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize ekleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot\/certbot<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra bir onay mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz, devam etmek i\u00e7in Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni PPA’y\u0131 ekledikten sonra, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Certbot’u Kurma:<\/strong>
\n    Son olarak, Apache i\u00e7in Certbot eklentisini kurun. Bu paket, Certbot’un Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak y\u00f6netmesini sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-apache<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, Certbot ana paketini ve Apache entegrasyonu i\u00e7in gerekli Python mod\u00fcllerini kuracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Certbot komutunu certbot<\/code> olarak kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Apache Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n
Certbot’un sertifikalar\u0131 do\u011fru alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in alabilmesi ve Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyebilmesi i\u00e7in, sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan emin olman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. Certbot, sertifika al\u0131rken ServerName<\/code> ve ServerAlias<\/code> direktiflerini kullanarak hangi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sertifika isteyece\u011fini belirler.<\/p>\n
Her bir sanal host i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve bunlar\u0131 \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizininde saklaman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Sanal Host (domain1.com i\u00e7in):<\/strong>
\n\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/domain1.com.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@domain1.com\n    ServerName domain1.com\n    ServerAlias www.domain1.com\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/domain1.com\/public_html\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain1_error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain1_access.log combined\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
2. Sanal Host (domain2.net i\u00e7in):<\/strong>
\n\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/domain2.net.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@domain2.net\n    ServerName domain2.net\n    ServerAlias www.domain2.net\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/domain2.net\/public_html\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain2_error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain2_access.log combined\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme ve Test Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1.  Sanal Hostlar\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Her bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a2ensite<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo a2ensite domain1.com.conf\n    sudo a2ensite domain2.net.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme:<\/strong>
\n    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulamadan \u00f6nce Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda herhangi bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n
sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer Syntax OK<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda bir hata yok demektir. Aksi takdirde, hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek sorunlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltin.<\/p>\n
3.  Apache’yi Yeniden Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong>
\n    Yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache hizmetini yeniden y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, web sitelerinizin HTTP (port 80) \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Alma<\/h3>\n
Certbot istemcisini kurup Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol ettikten sonra, art\u0131k Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 alabiliriz. Certbot, Apache eklentisi sayesinde bu s\u00fcreci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde otomatikle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Birden Fazla Sanal Host \u0130\u00e7in Tek Komutla Sertifika Alma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
E\u011fer birden fazla alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 anda sertifika almak ve bunlar\u0131 tek bir komutla y\u00f6netmek istiyorsan\u0131z, t\u00fcm alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 -d<\/code> parametresiyle belirtebilirsiniz. Certbot, belirtilen her bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 do\u011frulama yapacak ve tek bir sertifika seti (birincil alan ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda) olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo certbot --apache -d domain1.com -d www.domain1.com -d domain2.net -d www.domain2.net<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut:
\n*   --apache<\/code>: Certbot’a Apache eklentisini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bu eklenti, sertifika alma ve Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncelleme yetene\u011fine sahiptir.
\n*   -d<\/code>: Sertifika almak istedi\u011finiz her bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. www<\/code> \u00f6nekli versiyonlar\u0131 da eklemeyi unutmay\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle her iki versiyonu da kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, Certbot sizden baz\u0131 bilgiler isteyecektir:<\/p>\n
1.  E-posta Adresi:<\/strong> Let’s Encrypt, sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcresi dolmak \u00fczereyken veya \u00f6nemli duyurular i\u00e7in sizinle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla bir e-posta adresi ister. Ge\u00e7erli bir e-posta adresi girin.
\n2.  Hizmet \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131 Kabul Etme:<\/strong> Let’s Encrypt’in hizmet \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 okuyup kabul etmeniz gerekecektir.
\n3.  Y\u00f6nlendirme (Redirection) Se\u00e7ene\u011fi:<\/strong> Certbot, HTTP trafi\u011fini otomatik olarak HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirmek isteyip istemedi\u011finizi soracakt\u0131r.
\n    *   1: No redirect<\/code>: HTTP ve HTTPS eri\u015fimine izin verir.
\n    *   2: Redirect<\/code>: T\u00fcm HTTP isteklerini HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirir. Bu, genellikle \u00f6nerilen se\u00e7enektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sitenizin her zaman g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00fczerinden eri\u015filmesini sa\u011flar.
\n    Se\u00e7iminizi yap\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Certbot, bu bilgileri ald\u0131ktan sonra, belirtti\u011finiz alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011frulama s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flat\u0131r. Do\u011frulama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, sertifikalar\u0131 indirir ve Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncelleyerek SSL’yi etkinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Etkile\u015fimli Modda Sertifika Alma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
E\u011fer hangi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sertifika alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin de\u011filseniz veya Certbot’un alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan adlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7im yapmak isterseniz, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo certbot --apache<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Certbot’un Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 listeleyecektir. Size bir numara listesi sunulacak ve hangi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sertifika almak istedi\u011finizi se\u00e7meniz istenecektir (virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lar veya all<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fiyle). Sonras\u0131nda yukar\u0131daki gibi e-posta ve y\u00f6nlendirme se\u00e7enekleri sorulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 Kurulum Sonras\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Kurulum ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funda, Certbot size sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n nerede sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ne zaman sona erece\u011fi ve otomatik yenileme s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren bir mesaj g\u00f6sterecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, web sitenizin art\u0131k HTTPS \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu do\u011frulayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek ba\u015far\u0131 mesaj\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131:<\/p>\n
IMPORTANT NOTES:\n - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:\n   \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/domain1.com\/fullchain.pem\n   Your key file has been saved at:\n   \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/domain1.com\/privkey.pem\n   Your cert will expire on 2024-07-25. To obtain a new or tweaked\n   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot\n   again. To non-interactively renew all<\/em> of your certificates, run\n   \"certbot renew\"\n - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work:\n   https:\/\/certbot.eff.org\/docs\/supporting.html<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu mesaj, sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/domain1.com\/<\/code> dizininde sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. domain1.com<\/code> burada, sertifika setinin birincil alan ad\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm di\u011fer alan adlar\u0131 (www.domain1.com, domain2.net, www.domain2.net) bu sertifika alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sertifika Yenileme<\/h3>\n
Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131 90 g\u00fcn boyunca ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu k\u0131sa ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresi, g\u00fcvenlik ve otomasyonu te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in bilin\u00e7li bir se\u00e7imdir. Certbot, bu sertifikalar\u0131n otomatik olarak yenilenmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Otomatik Yenileme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Certbot’u kurdu\u011funuzda, sisteminize otomatik olarak bir cron i\u015fi veya systemd zamanlay\u0131c\u0131 (Ubuntu 14.04’te cron i\u015fi) eklenir. Bu i\u015f, sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcresi dolmadan \u00f6nce otomatik olarak yenilenmesini sa\u011flar. Genellikle bu i\u015f, sertifikalar\u0131n s\u00fcresi dolmas\u0131na 30 g\u00fcn kala kontrol yapar ve yenileme i\u015flemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Ubuntu 14.04’te cron i\u015fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \/etc\/cron.d\/certbot<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo cat \/etc\/cron.d\/certbot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
# \/etc\/cron.d\/certbot: crontab entries for the certbot package\n
# Upstream recommends trying to renew twice a day<\/h2>\n
# Every six hours, run certbot renew<\/h2>\n0 \/12 <\/em>  <\/em> root test -x \/usr\/bin\/certbot -a \\! -d \/run\/systemd\/system && perl -e 'sleep int(rand(3600))' && certbot -q renew<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Certbot’un her 12 saatte bir yenileme denemesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. -q<\/code> (quiet) bayra\u011f\u0131 sayesinde, sadece bir hata olu\u015fursa veya yenileme gerekiyorsa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n
Yenilemeyi Test Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Sertifika yenileme i\u015fleminin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in bir “deneme s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc” yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo certbot renew --dry-run<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, ger\u00e7ek bir yenileme i\u015flemi yapmadan t\u00fcm s\u00fcreci sim\u00fcle eder. E\u011fer herhangi bir hata almazsan\u0131z, otomatik yenileme mekanizman\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Manuel Yenileme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
E\u011fer herhangi bir nedenle manuel olarak yenileme yapmak isterseniz, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo certbot renew<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, s\u00fcresi dolmak \u00fczere olan veya zaten s\u00fcresi dolmu\u015f t\u00fcm sertifikalar\u0131 yenilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. E\u011fer bir sertifikan\u0131n s\u00fcresinin dolmas\u0131na hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok varsa, Certbot onu atlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nemli Not:<\/strong> Yenileme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Apache’nin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Certbot’un Apache eklentisi bu i\u015flemi otomatik olarak y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n
Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi<\/h3>\n
Certbot, sertifikalar\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00fcnceller. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri incelemek, neler olup bitti\u011fini anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Certbot, her bir sanal host i\u00e7in orijinal HTTP yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131na, SSL etkinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f yeni bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu dosyalar genellikle \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizininde [your-domain]-le-ssl.conf<\/code> \u015feklinde isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek Bir SSL Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/domain1.com-le-ssl.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir:<\/p>\n
\n\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@domain1.com\n    ServerName domain1.com\n    ServerAlias www.domain1.com\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/domain1.com\/public_html\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain1_error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/domain1_access.log combined\n\n    SSLEngine on\n    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/domain1.com\/fullchain.pem\n    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/domain1.com\/privkey.pem\n    Include \/etc\/letsencrypt\/options-ssl-apache.conf\n<\/VirtualHost>\n<\/IfModule><\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyada dikkat etmeniz gereken noktalar:<\/p>\n
   :443><\/code>:<\/strong> Bu blok, HTTPS (port 443) \u00fczerinden gelen istekleri dinler.
\n*   SSLEngine on<\/code>:<\/strong> Bu direktif, SSL mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bu sanal host i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirir.
\n*   SSLCertificateFile<\/code>:<\/strong> Bu direktif, Let’s Encrypt taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan genel sertifika dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu belirtir (fullchain.pem<\/code>, hem sunucu sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 hem de ara sertifikalar\u0131 i\u00e7erir).
\n*   SSLCertificateKeyFile<\/code>:<\/strong> Bu direktif, sertifikayla e\u015fle\u015fen \u00f6zel anahtar dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu belirtir.
\n*   Include \/etc\/letsencrypt\/options-ssl-apache.conf<\/code>:<\/strong> Certbot, SSL\/TLS g\u00fcvenli\u011fini optimize etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen ayarlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bu dosyay\u0131 otomatik olarak ekler. Bu dosya, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifreleme algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131, TLSv1.2\/1.3 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
mod_ssl Mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Etkin Oldu\u011fundan Emin Olma:<\/strong>
\nSSL’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in Apache’nin mod_ssl<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn etkin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Certbot genellikle bunu otomatik olarak etkinle\u015ftirir, ancak kontrol etmekte fayda vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo a2enmod ssl\nsudo service apache2 reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
HTTP’den HTTPS’ye Y\u00f6nlendirme:<\/strong>
\nE\u011fer Certbot kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda HTTP’den HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirmeyi se\u00e7tiyseniz, orijinal HTTP sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zda (\u00f6rn. \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/domain1.com.conf<\/code>) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir y\u00f6nlendirme kural\u0131 eklenmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n    ServerName domain1.com\n    ServerAlias www.domain1.com\n    # ... di\u011fer ayarlar ...\n    Redirect permanent \/ https:\/\/domain1.com\/\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu kural, 80 numaral\u0131 porta gelen t\u00fcm istekleri otomatik olarak 443 numaral\u0131 porta (HTTPS) y\u00f6nlendirecektir.<\/p>\n
Sertifika G\u00fcvenli\u011finin Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n
Sertifikalar\u0131 kurduktan sonra web sitenizin SSL\/TLS yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
1.  Taray\u0131c\u0131da Kontrol:<\/strong>
\n    Web sitenize bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (Chrome, Firefox vb.) \u00fczerinden HTTPS ile eri\u015fmeyi deneyin (\u00f6rn. https:\/\/domain1.com<\/code>). Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres \u00e7ubu\u011funda bir kilit simgesi veya “G\u00fcvenli” ibaresi g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Kilit simgesine t\u0131klayarak sertifika detaylar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2.  SSL Labs SSL Testi:<\/strong>
\n    SSL Labs taraf\u0131ndan sunulan \u00fccretsiz SSL Sunucu Testi, web sitenizin SSL\/TLS yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 derinlemesine analiz eden ve bir not (A+ ile F aras\u0131) veren sekt\u00f6r standard\u0131 bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.
\n    *   Adres: https:\/\/www.ssllabs.com\/ssltest\/<\/code>
\n    Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 girin ve testi ba\u015flat\u0131n. Test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, olas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Certbot’un varsay\u0131lan ayarlar\u0131 genellikle iyi bir not (A veya A+) alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Kurulum s\u00fcrecinde veya sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131z olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar ve olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
1.  DNS Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Belirti:<\/strong> Certbot, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frulayam\u0131yor veya “DNS problem” hatas\u0131 veriyor.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Alan adlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n (A\/AAAA kay\u0131tlar\u0131) sunucunuzun do\u011fru genel IP adresini g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden emin olun. DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 biraz zaman alabilir (genellikle birka\u00e7 dakika ile birka\u00e7 saat aras\u0131). dig<\/code> veya nslookup<\/code> gibi komutlarla DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
dig domain1.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Belirti:<\/strong> Certbot do\u011frulama s\u0131ras\u0131nda zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hatas\u0131 veriyor veya web sitenize HTTPS \u00fczerinden eri\u015filemiyor.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Sunucunuzdaki g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n (UFW, iptables vb.) 80 (HTTP) ve 443 (HTTPS) portlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n        *   UFW i\u00e7in: sudo ufw status<\/code> komutuyla durumu kontrol edin ve gerekirse sudo ufw allow 80<\/code> ve sudo ufw allow 443<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla portlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Hatalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Belirti:<\/strong> sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code> komutu hata veriyor veya Apache yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 dikkatlice kontrol edin. \u00d6zellikle ServerName<\/code> ve ServerAlias<\/code> direktiflerinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ve \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan VirtualHost<\/code> tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. Apache hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini (\/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code>) inceleyerek daha fazla bilgi edinebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4.  Certbot Loglar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Belirti:<\/strong> Certbot komutu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oluyor ancak hata mesaj\u0131 yeterince a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Certbot’un ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini \/var\/log\/letsencrypt\/<\/code> dizininde bulabilirsiniz. En son g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek sorunun k\u00f6kenini daha iyi anlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
5.  Ubuntu 14.04’e \u00d6zel Sorunlar:<\/strong>
\n    *   Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> Ubuntu 14.04, Python 2.7 gibi eski yaz\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcr\u00fcmleriyle gelir. Certbot’un PPA’s\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6zer, ancak nadiren ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir. Bu durumda, apt-get -f install<\/code> komutunu denemek veya PPA’y\u0131 kald\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce Certbot’u tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131p tekrar kurmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.
\n    *   Destek Sonu:<\/strong> Ubuntu 14.04’\u00fcn resmi deste\u011fi sona erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, paket depolar\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar g\u00fcncellenmeyebilir ve g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 almayabilir. Bu, Certbot’un en yeni \u00f6zelliklerini veya g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemelerini alamayabilece\u011finiz anlam\u0131na gelir. Uzun vadede, daha g\u00fcncel bir Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fckseltmek en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
6.  SNI (Server Name Indication) Deste\u011fi:<\/strong>
\n    *   Belirti:<\/strong> Eski taray\u0131c\u0131larda HTTPS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulam\u0131yor veya sertifika hatas\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131yor.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Modern Apache s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (Apache 2.2.12 ve \u00fczeri) ve t\u00fcm modern taray\u0131c\u0131lar SNI’yi destekler. Ubuntu 14.04’teki Apache 2.4 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc SNI’yi destekledi\u011fi i\u00e7in genellikle bu bir sorun te\u015fkil etmez. SNI, tek bir IP adresinde birden fazla SSL sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Apache web sunucusunda birden fazla sanal host i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceledik. Certbot istemcisini kullanarak sertifikalar\u0131 almak, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellemek ve sertifikalar\u0131n otomatik olarak yenilenmesini sa\u011flamak, web sitelerinizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hayati ad\u0131mlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Let’s Encrypt’in sundu\u011fu \u00fccretsiz ve otomatik sertifikalar sayesinde, HTTPS kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak art\u0131k \u00e7ok daha kolay ve eri\u015filebilir hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sayede hem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n verilerini korur hem de arama motoru s\u0131ralamalar\u0131nda avantaj elde edersiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, internetin daha g\u00fcvenli bir yer olmas\u0131 hepimizin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r ve HTTPS bu hedefe ula\u015fmada \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar bu makale Ubuntu 14.04’e odaklanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, sunucunuzu g\u00fcvenlik ve performans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcncel tutmak i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede daha yeni bir Ubuntu LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fckseltmeniz \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Ancak, mevcut kurulumunuzu g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in bu ad\u0131mlar size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu\nGiri\u015f\n\u0130nternet d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik, kul","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37554","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu Giri\u015f \u0130nternet d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik, kul\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-08T19:40:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-08T19:40:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\"},\"wordCount\":2800,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2026\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-uzerinde-coklu-apache-sanal-hostlari-icin-lets-encrypt-sertifikalarini-kurulumu\/\",\"name\":\"Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerinde \u00c7oklu Apache Sanal Hostlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Let\u2019s Encrypt Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu - 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