404 - Sayfa Bulunamad\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #e44d26; \/<em> Nginx k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 gibi <\/em>\/\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Sayfa Bulunamad\u0131<\/h2>\n <p>\u00dczg\u00fcn\u00fcz, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z sayfa bulunamad\u0131. Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini veya sayfan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ya da kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini l\u00fctfen kontrol edin.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <p>Veya <a href=\"mailto:destek@example.com\">destek ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n (nano i\u00e7in <code>Ctrl+O<\/code>, <code>Enter<\/code>, <code>Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p> <strong>\u00d6rnek 50x.html dosyas\u0131 (t\u00fcm 5xx hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7in):<\/strong><br \/>\n \u00c7o\u011fu 5xx hatas\u0131 i\u00e7in benzer bir mesaj kullanabiliriz. Bu, y\u00f6netimi basitle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/50x.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n <html lang=\"tr\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>Sunucu Hatas\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #dc3545; \/<em> K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, hata i\u00e7in <\/em>\/\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Bir \u015feyler ters gitti!<\/h2>\n <p>\u00dczg\u00fcn\u00fcz, sunucumuzda beklenmedik bir hata olu\u015ftu. L\u00fctfen daha sonra tekrar deneyin.<\/p>\n <p>Sorun devam ederse, <a href=\"mailto:destek@example.com\">destek ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a>.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p> Benzer \u015fekilde, 403.html (Yasakland\u0131) i\u00e7in de bir sayfa olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/403.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n <html lang=\"tr\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>403 - Yasakland\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #dc3545;\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Eri\u015fim Yasakland\u0131<\/h2>\n <p>Bu kayna\u011fa eri\u015fim izniniz yok. L\u00fctfen kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z ve \u015fifrenizle giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun veya y\u00f6neticinizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> <strong>Dosya \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong><br \/>\n Nginx’in bu dosyalara eri\u015febildi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in izinleri kontrol etmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Genellikle Nginx <code>www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/etc\/nginx\/errors\n sudo chmod -R 644 \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/*.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 2: Nginx Konfig\u00fcrasyonunu D\u00fczenleme<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eimdi Nginx’e bu \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 ne zaman ve nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. Bu, genellikle sitenizin sunucu blo\u011fu (<code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code> veya \u00f6zel bir site yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131) i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Nginx Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7ma:<\/strong><br \/>\n Varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyelim:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> E\u011fer kendi \u00f6zel site yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z varsa, onu a\u00e7\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin <code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Sunucu Blo\u011fu \u0130\u00e7inde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama:<\/strong><br \/>\n <code>server<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7ine <code>error_page<\/code> direktiflerini ve hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak i\u00e7in bir <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu ekleyece\u011fiz. Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan eri\u015fimini engellemek i\u00e7in <code>internal<\/code> direktifini kullanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funuzun i\u00e7ine (genellikle <code>root<\/code> direktifinden sonra veya <code>location \/<\/code> blo\u011funun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n listen 80 default_server;\n listen [::]:80 default_server;\n root \/var\/www\/html; # Sitenizin k\u00f6k dizini\n index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;\n server_name _;\n\n # \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html; # Birden fazla hata kodu i\u00e7in tek sayfa\n\n # Hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konumu tan\u0131mla ve do\u011frudan eri\u015fimi engelle\n location = \/403.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/404.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/50x.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n\n location \/ {\n try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;\n }\n\n # Di\u011fer Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z...\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> <strong>A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> * <code>error_page 404 \/404.html;<\/code>: Nginx’e bir 404 hatas\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda, iste\u011fi dahili olarak <code>\/404.html<\/code> URL’sine y\u00f6nlendirmesini s\u00f6yler.<br \/>\n * <code>error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;<\/code>: Birden fazla 5xx hata kodu i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u00f6zel hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<br \/>\n * <code>location = \/404.html { ... }<\/code>: Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu, Nginx’in dahili olarak y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi <code>\/404.html<\/code> gibi hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<br \/>\n * <code>root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;<\/code>: Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00f6k dizininin <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> oldu\u011funu belirtir. Yani, Nginx <code>\/404.html<\/code> istedi\u011finde, <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors\/404.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 arayacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n * <code>internal;<\/code>: Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir direktiftir. Bu, Nginx’in bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen dosyalara yaln\u0131zca dahili alt istekler (yani <code>error_page<\/code> direktifi gibi Nginx’in kendi mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan istekler) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filmesine izin verdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar do\u011frudan <code>http:\/\/example.com\/404.html<\/code> adresine giderek bu hata sayfalar\u0131na eri\u015femezler. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik ve do\u011fru HTTP durum kodu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>HTTP Blo\u011fu \u0130\u00e7inde Global Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama (Opsiyonel):<\/strong><br \/>\n E\u011fer t\u00fcm sanal sunucular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istiyorsan\u0131z ve her <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funa ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 eklemek istemiyorsan\u0131z, <code>error_page<\/code> direktiflerini <code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki <code>http<\/code> blo\u011funa ekleyebilirsiniz. Ancak, <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131 genellikle her <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funda tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc <code>root<\/code> direktifi sunucuya veya konuma \u00f6zel olabilir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\"># \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf dosyas\u0131nda\n http {\n # ... di\u011fer http ayarlar\u0131 ...\n\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;\n\n # location bloklar\u0131 genellikle server blo\u011funda daha spesifik olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.\n # Global location tan\u0131mlamak genellikle karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.\n # E\u011fer hata sayfalar\u0131 her sitenin kendi k\u00f6k dizinindeyse, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m i\u015fe yarayabilir.\n # Ancak, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir dizinde tutuyorsak, her server blo\u011funda\n # \u00f6zel location tan\u0131mlamak daha g\u00fcvenli ve esnektir.\n\n # ...\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Bizim senaryomuzda, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> gibi merkezi bir konumda tuttu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in, <code>server<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7inde <code>location<\/code> tan\u0131mlamak daha uygun ve yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 3: Nginx Konfig\u00fcrasyonunu Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda herhangi bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nginx -t<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-\">nginx: the configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf syntax is ok\nnginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, hatan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu dikkatlice okuyun ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zdaki ilgili sat\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczeltin.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 4: Nginx’i Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Nginx hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nginx’in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl status nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da <code>active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 5: \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eimdi \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test edelim.<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>404 Hatas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme:<\/strong><br \/>\n Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda web sitenizin adresine gidin ve var olmayan bir URL yaz\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>http:\/\/your_domain_or_ip\/non-existent-page.html<\/code>). \u00d6zel 404 sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>50x Hatalar\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme (Opsiyonel):<\/strong><br \/>\n 5xx hatalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan tetiklemek, genellikle bir arka u\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n veya veritaban\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak, Nginx’in bir ters proxy olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir senaryoda bu hatalar\u0131 test edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rne\u011fin, Nginx’i bir <code>proxy_pass<\/code> ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir adrese y\u00f6nlendirerek 502 (Bad Gateway) hatas\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyebilirsiniz. Ge\u00e7ici olarak <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funuza a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir <code>location<\/code> ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">location \/test502 {\n proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9999; # \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir port\n proxy_intercept_errors on; # Nginx'in arka u\u00e7 hatalar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Nginx’i yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131ktan sonra <code>http:\/\/your_domain_or_ip\/test502<\/code> adresine giderseniz, \u00f6zel 50x sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Test bittikten sonra bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011funu kald\u0131rmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Taray\u0131c\u0131 Geli\u015ftirici Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Kullanma:<\/strong><br \/>\n Hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n geli\u015ftirici ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 (F12) a\u00e7\u0131n ve “Network” sekmesini kontrol edin. Sayfan\u0131n HTTP durum kodunun ger\u00e7ekten 404 (veya 500, 502 vb.) oldu\u011fundan emin olun. <code>internal<\/code> direktifi sayesinde, Nginx \u00f6zel hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 sunarken orijinal hata kodunu koruyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Geli\u015fmi\u015f Konular ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx’in \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a esnektir. \u0130\u015fte daha geli\u015fmi\u015f senaryolar ve en iyi uygulamalar:<\/p>\n<h4>H3: \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131nda Dinamik \u0130\u00e7erik ve Uygulama Entegrasyonu<\/h4>\n<p>Bazen basit HTML dosyalar\u0131 yeterli olmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hata sayfas\u0131nda bir arama formu g\u00f6stermek veya hata ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131na kaydetmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bu durumda, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 bir arka u\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 (PHP, Python, Node.js) taraf\u0131ndan dinamik olarak olu\u015fturulacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n # ...\n error_page 404 =200 \/index.php?error=404; # =200 orijinal durumu korur veya de\u011fi\u015ftirir\n error_page 500 502 503 504 =500 \/index.php?error=500;\n\n location ~ \\.php$ {\n include snippets\/fastcgi-php.conf;\n fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php\/php8.1-fpm.sock; # PHP-FPM soket yolunuz\n fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # PHP'nin hatalar\u0131 yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar\n }\n\n # ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>* <code>=200<\/code>: Bu, Nginx’in hata sayfas\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP durum kodunu 200 OK olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini sa\u011flar. Bu, arama motorlar\u0131n\u0131n 404 sayfas\u0131n\u0131 indekslemesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in “soft 404” durumlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir, ancak genellikle orijinal hata kodunu korumak daha iyidir (<code>=404<\/code> veya hi\u00e7 belirtmeyin). E\u011fer durum kodunu korumak istiyorsan\u0131z, sadece <code>\/index.php?error=404;<\/code> kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <code>fastcgi_intercept_errors on;<\/code>: Bu direktif, FastCGI sunucusundan gelen hatalar\u0131n Nginx taraf\u0131ndan yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve <code>error_page<\/code> direktifleriyle i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: G\u00fcvenlik Hususlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>* <strong><code>internal<\/code> Direktifi:<\/strong> Daha \u00f6nce de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, <code>internal<\/code> direktifi hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan URL \u00fczerinden eri\u015filmesini engeller. Bu, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamalar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>Hassas Bilgilerin Gizlenmesi:<\/strong> \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131zda sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, veritaban\u0131 hatalar\u0131 veya dosya yollar\u0131 gibi hassas bilgileri asla if\u015fa etmeyin. Genel ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu mesajlar kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Loglama:<\/strong> Nginx hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini (<code>\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code>) d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin. Bu, sunucunuzdaki sorunlar\u0131 tespit etmenize ve gidermenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: SEO ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Deneyimi \u0130\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>* <strong>Net ve Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Mesajlar:<\/strong> Hata sayfas\u0131ndaki metin, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlamas\u0131na ve bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131 atmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, “Sayfa bulunamad\u0131. Belki ana sayfam\u0131za gitmek istersiniz?” gibi.<br \/>\n* <strong>Navigasyon Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 sitenizin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine (ana sayfa, ileti\u015fim, site haritas\u0131) y\u00f6nlendiren ba\u011flant\u0131lar ekleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Marka Kimli\u011fi:<\/strong> Hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sitenizin genel tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve renk \u015femas\u0131yla uyumlu hale getirin.<br \/>\n* <strong>“Soft 404″lerden Ka\u00e7\u0131nma:<\/strong> Bir 404 hatas\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda, Nginx’in ger\u00e7ekten 404 HTTP durum kodunu d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden emin olun. E\u011fer 200 OK d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrseniz, arama motorlar\u0131 bu sayfay\u0131 ge\u00e7erli bir sayfa olarak indeksleyebilir ve bu da SEO’nuza zarar verebilir. <code>error_page 404 \/404.html;<\/code> varsay\u0131lan olarak 404 durum kodunu korur.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: Nginx Reverse Proxy ve Backend Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer Nginx’i bir ters proxy olarak kullan\u0131yor ve arka u\u00e7 sunuculardan gelen hatalar\u0131 yakalamak istiyorsan\u0131z, <code>proxy_intercept_errors on;<\/code> direktifini kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n listen 80;\n server_name example.com;\n\n location \/ {\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_app; # Arka u\u00e7 sunucunuz\n proxy_set_header Host $host;\n proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n proxy_intercept_errors on; # Arka u\u00e7tan gelen hatalar\u0131 yakala\n\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;\n }\n\n # Hata sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in location bloklar\u0131 (yukar\u0131daki gibi)\n location = \/403.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/404.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/50x.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma ile, arka u\u00e7 uygulaman\u0131z 500, 502 gibi bir hata d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Nginx bu hatay\u0131 yakalayacak ve \u00f6zel 50x.html sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n<p>* <strong><code>nginx -t<\/code> Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zda bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 varsa, bu komut size hatan\u0131n yerini ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyecektir. Hata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice okuyun.<br \/>\n* <strong>Nginx Yeniden Ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor:<\/strong> <code>sudo systemctl status nginx<\/code> komutu ile hatan\u0131n nedenini kontrol edin. Genellikle yap\u0131land\u0131rma hatalar\u0131 veya port \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor:<\/strong><br \/>\n * <strong>Dosya Yollar\u0131:<\/strong> <code>error_page<\/code> direktifindeki ve <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fundaki dosya yollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun (<code>root<\/code> direktifiyle birlikte).<br \/>\n <em> <strong>\u0130zinler:<\/strong> Nginx kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (genellikle <code>www-data<\/code>) hata sayfalar\u0131na okuma iznine sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun (<code>sudo chmod 644 \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/<\/em>.html<\/code>).<br \/>\n * <strong><code>internal<\/code> Direktifi:<\/strong> <code>internal<\/code> direktifi do\u011fru yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f mi? Hata sayfalar\u0131na do\u011frudan eri\u015fim engellenmi\u015f mi?<br \/>\n * <strong>\u00d6nbellek (Cache):<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n veya CDN’nizin \u00f6nbelle\u011fini temizlemeyi deneyin. Bazen eski hata sayfalar\u0131 \u00f6nbellekte kalabilir.<br \/>\n * <strong>\u00c7ak\u0131\u015fan <code>location<\/code> Bloklar\u0131:<\/strong> Nginx’in istekleri i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. \u00d6zellikle <code>= \/hata.html<\/code> gibi kesin e\u015fle\u015fme lokasyonlar\u0131 genellikle g\u00fcvenlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Arka U\u00e7 Uygulamas\u0131ndan Gelen Hatalar:<\/strong> E\u011fer bir ters proxy kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, <code>proxy_intercept_errors on;<\/code> direktifinin etkin oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00fczerinde \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, web sitenizin kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini, marka tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve genel profesyonelli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu makalede ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g\u00f6sterilen talimatlar\u0131 ve en iyi uygulama \u00f6nerilerini takip ederek, ziyaret\u00e7ilerinize kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 hatalarda bile bilgilendirici, yard\u0131mc\u0131 ve markal\u0131 bir deneyim sunabilirsiniz. G\u00fcvenli ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir web ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n, iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir hata sayfas\u0131, potansiyel bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile olumlu bir etkile\u015fime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma\nWeb sunucular\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bir iste\u011fi i\u015fleyemedi","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37466","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n<title>Nginx'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma - 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{"id":37466,"date":"2026-01-05T23:40:48","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T20:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=37466"},"modified":"2026-01-05T23:40:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T20:40:48","slug":"nginxi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerinde-ozel-hata-sayfalari-kullanacak-sekilde-yapilandirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nginxi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerinde-ozel-hata-sayfalari-kullanacak-sekilde-yapilandirma\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h2>\n
Web sunucular\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bir iste\u011fi i\u015fleyemedi\u011finde veya istenen kayna\u011f\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda standart hata mesajlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu varsay\u0131lan hata sayfalar\u0131 genellikle sade, markas\u0131z ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu de\u011fildir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini iyile\u015ftirmek, marka kimli\u011fini korumak ve potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 kullanmak kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, Nginx web sunucusunu Ubuntu 22.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek \u015fekilde nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz. Hedefimiz, hem teknik uygulaman\u0131n inceliklerini anlamak hem de bu \u00f6zelli\u011fin sundu\u011fu avantajlar\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmektir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n
\u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 sadece estetik bir tercih olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, bir dizi \u00f6nemli fayda sunar:<\/p>\n
* Geli\u015fmi\u015f Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Deneyimi:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan, genellikle kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hata mesajlar\u0131 yerine, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan ve sitenin di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine y\u00f6nlendiren dost\u00e7a bir sayfa sunmak, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve sitenizde kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eder.
\n* Marka Tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131, web sitenizin genel tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve markalama \u00f6\u011feleriyle uyumlu olabilir. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sitenizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu hissetmelerini sa\u011flar ve profesyonel bir imaj yarat\u0131r.
\n* SEO \u0130yile\u015ftirmeleri:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle 404 (Bulunamad\u0131) hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara ilgili sayfalar veya ana sayfa ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 sunmak, hemen \u00e7\u0131kma oranlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir ve arama motoru s\u0131ralamalar\u0131n\u0131 dolayl\u0131 olarak etkileyebilir.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan hata sayfalar\u0131 bazen sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc gibi hassas bilgileri if\u015fa edebilir. \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 ile bu t\u00fcr bilgilerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilirsiniz.
\n* Analiz ve Takip:<\/strong> \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen analiz kodlar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Google Analytics), hangi hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n ne s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi\u011fini takip etmenize olanak tan\u0131r. Bu, sitenizdeki k\u0131r\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 veya sunucu sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Nginx Hata Y\u00f6netimine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h3>\n
Nginx, error_page<\/code> direktifi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Bu direktif, belirli HTTP durum kodlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00f6zel sayfalar\u0131 veya URL’leri tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Nginx, bir hata olu\u015ftu\u011funda bu direktifi kontrol eder ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re uygun hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n
error_page<\/code> direktifi, http<\/code>, server<\/code> veya location<\/code> ba\u011flamlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir. Bu, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 global olarak (t\u00fcm sunucular i\u00e7in), belirli bir sanal sunucu i\u00e7in veya belirli bir URL yolu i\u00e7in \u00f6zelle\u015ftirebilece\u011finiz anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\nBu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerin haz\u0131r oldu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\n * Ubuntu 22.04 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir sunucu veya sanal makine. \n* Nginx web sunucusu kurulu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda. Hen\u00fcz kurulu de\u011filse, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n sudo apt update\n sudo apt install nginx\n sudo systemctl enable nginx\n sudo systemctl start nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n* sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131. \n* Temel terminal ve Linux komut bilgisi. \n* Tercih edilen bir metin d\u00fczenleyici (nano, vim vb.).<\/p>\n Ad\u0131m 1: \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n\u0130lk ad\u0131m, \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n HTML dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Bu dosyalar, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara g\u00f6sterilecek i\u00e7eri\u011fi bar\u0131nd\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu dosyalar\u0131 \/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> gibi merkezi bir dizinde veya web sitenizin k\u00f6k dizini i\u00e7inde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/var\/www\/html\/errors<\/code>) tutabilirsiniz. Merkezi bir dizin, birden fazla site i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n Biz bu rehberde \/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> dizinini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n 1. Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n sudo mkdir -p \/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> \n Yayg\u0131n HTTP hata kodlar\u0131 i\u00e7in (404 Not Found, 500 Internal Server Error, 502 Bad Gateway, 503 Service Unavailable, 504 Gateway Timeout, 403 Forbidden) HTML dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek 404.html dosyas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/404.html<\/code><\/pre>\n \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin (i\u00e7eri\u011fi kendi markan\u0131za ve tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirebilirsiniz):<\/p>\n \n \n \n \n \n 404 - Sayfa Bulunamad\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #e44d26; \/<em> Nginx k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 gibi <\/em>\/\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Sayfa Bulunamad\u0131<\/h2>\n <p>\u00dczg\u00fcn\u00fcz, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z sayfa bulunamad\u0131. Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini veya sayfan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ya da kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini l\u00fctfen kontrol edin.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <p>Veya <a href=\"mailto:destek@example.com\">destek ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n (nano i\u00e7in <code>Ctrl+O<\/code>, <code>Enter<\/code>, <code>Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p> <strong>\u00d6rnek 50x.html dosyas\u0131 (t\u00fcm 5xx hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7in):<\/strong><br \/>\n \u00c7o\u011fu 5xx hatas\u0131 i\u00e7in benzer bir mesaj kullanabiliriz. Bu, y\u00f6netimi basitle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/50x.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n <html lang=\"tr\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>Sunucu Hatas\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #dc3545; \/<em> K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, hata i\u00e7in <\/em>\/\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Bir \u015feyler ters gitti!<\/h2>\n <p>\u00dczg\u00fcn\u00fcz, sunucumuzda beklenmedik bir hata olu\u015ftu. L\u00fctfen daha sonra tekrar deneyin.<\/p>\n <p>Sorun devam ederse, <a href=\"mailto:destek@example.com\">destek ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a>.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p> Benzer \u015fekilde, 403.html (Yasakland\u0131) i\u00e7in de bir sayfa olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/403.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n <html lang=\"tr\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>403 - Yasakland\u0131<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: #f8f8f8;\n color: #333;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background-color: #fff;\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 40px;\n }\n h1 {\n color: #dc3545;\n font-size: 3em;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n p {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n a {\n color: #007bff;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n <\/style>\n <\/head>\n <body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n \n <h2>Eri\u015fim Yasakland\u0131<\/h2>\n <p>Bu kayna\u011fa eri\u015fim izniniz yok. L\u00fctfen kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z ve \u015fifrenizle giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun veya y\u00f6neticinizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n <p>Anasayfaya d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/\">buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/body>\n <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p> <strong>Dosya \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong><br \/>\n Nginx’in bu dosyalara eri\u015febildi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in izinleri kontrol etmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Genellikle Nginx <code>www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/etc\/nginx\/errors\n sudo chmod -R 644 \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/*.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 2: Nginx Konfig\u00fcrasyonunu D\u00fczenleme<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eimdi Nginx’e bu \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 ne zaman ve nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. Bu, genellikle sitenizin sunucu blo\u011fu (<code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code> veya \u00f6zel bir site yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131) i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Nginx Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7ma:<\/strong><br \/>\n Varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyelim:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> E\u011fer kendi \u00f6zel site yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z varsa, onu a\u00e7\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin <code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Sunucu Blo\u011fu \u0130\u00e7inde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama:<\/strong><br \/>\n <code>server<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7ine <code>error_page<\/code> direktiflerini ve hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak i\u00e7in bir <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu ekleyece\u011fiz. Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan eri\u015fimini engellemek i\u00e7in <code>internal<\/code> direktifini kullanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funuzun i\u00e7ine (genellikle <code>root<\/code> direktifinden sonra veya <code>location \/<\/code> blo\u011funun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n listen 80 default_server;\n listen [::]:80 default_server;\n root \/var\/www\/html; # Sitenizin k\u00f6k dizini\n index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;\n server_name _;\n\n # \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html; # Birden fazla hata kodu i\u00e7in tek sayfa\n\n # Hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konumu tan\u0131mla ve do\u011frudan eri\u015fimi engelle\n location = \/403.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/404.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/50x.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n\n location \/ {\n try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;\n }\n\n # Di\u011fer Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z...\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> <strong>A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> * <code>error_page 404 \/404.html;<\/code>: Nginx’e bir 404 hatas\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda, iste\u011fi dahili olarak <code>\/404.html<\/code> URL’sine y\u00f6nlendirmesini s\u00f6yler.<br \/>\n * <code>error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;<\/code>: Birden fazla 5xx hata kodu i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u00f6zel hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<br \/>\n * <code>location = \/404.html { ... }<\/code>: Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu, Nginx’in dahili olarak y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi <code>\/404.html<\/code> gibi hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<br \/>\n * <code>root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;<\/code>: Bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00f6k dizininin <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> oldu\u011funu belirtir. Yani, Nginx <code>\/404.html<\/code> istedi\u011finde, <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors\/404.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 arayacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n * <code>internal;<\/code>: Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir direktiftir. Bu, Nginx’in bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen dosyalara yaln\u0131zca dahili alt istekler (yani <code>error_page<\/code> direktifi gibi Nginx’in kendi mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan istekler) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filmesine izin verdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar do\u011frudan <code>http:\/\/example.com\/404.html<\/code> adresine giderek bu hata sayfalar\u0131na eri\u015femezler. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik ve do\u011fru HTTP durum kodu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>HTTP Blo\u011fu \u0130\u00e7inde Global Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama (Opsiyonel):<\/strong><br \/>\n E\u011fer t\u00fcm sanal sunucular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istiyorsan\u0131z ve her <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funa ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 eklemek istemiyorsan\u0131z, <code>error_page<\/code> direktiflerini <code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki <code>http<\/code> blo\u011funa ekleyebilirsiniz. Ancak, <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131 genellikle her <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funda tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc <code>root<\/code> direktifi sunucuya veya konuma \u00f6zel olabilir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\"># \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf dosyas\u0131nda\n http {\n # ... di\u011fer http ayarlar\u0131 ...\n\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;\n\n # location bloklar\u0131 genellikle server blo\u011funda daha spesifik olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.\n # Global location tan\u0131mlamak genellikle karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.\n # E\u011fer hata sayfalar\u0131 her sitenin kendi k\u00f6k dizinindeyse, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m i\u015fe yarayabilir.\n # Ancak, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir dizinde tutuyorsak, her server blo\u011funda\n # \u00f6zel location tan\u0131mlamak daha g\u00fcvenli ve esnektir.\n\n # ...\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Bizim senaryomuzda, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/nginx\/errors<\/code> gibi merkezi bir konumda tuttu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in, <code>server<\/code> blo\u011fu i\u00e7inde <code>location<\/code> tan\u0131mlamak daha uygun ve yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 3: Nginx Konfig\u00fcrasyonunu Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda herhangi bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nginx -t<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-\">nginx: the configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf syntax is ok\nnginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, hatan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu dikkatlice okuyun ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zdaki ilgili sat\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczeltin.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 4: Nginx’i Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Nginx hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nginx’in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl status nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da <code>active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 5: \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eimdi \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test edelim.<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>404 Hatas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme:<\/strong><br \/>\n Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda web sitenizin adresine gidin ve var olmayan bir URL yaz\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>http:\/\/your_domain_or_ip\/non-existent-page.html<\/code>). \u00d6zel 404 sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>50x Hatalar\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme (Opsiyonel):<\/strong><br \/>\n 5xx hatalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan tetiklemek, genellikle bir arka u\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n veya veritaban\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak, Nginx’in bir ters proxy olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir senaryoda bu hatalar\u0131 test edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rne\u011fin, Nginx’i bir <code>proxy_pass<\/code> ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir adrese y\u00f6nlendirerek 502 (Bad Gateway) hatas\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyebilirsiniz. Ge\u00e7ici olarak <code>server<\/code> blo\u011funuza a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir <code>location<\/code> ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">location \/test502 {\n proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9999; # \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir port\n proxy_intercept_errors on; # Nginx'in arka u\u00e7 hatalar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Nginx’i yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131ktan sonra <code>http:\/\/your_domain_or_ip\/test502<\/code> adresine giderseniz, \u00f6zel 50x sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Test bittikten sonra bu <code>location<\/code> blo\u011funu kald\u0131rmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Taray\u0131c\u0131 Geli\u015ftirici Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Kullanma:<\/strong><br \/>\n Hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n geli\u015ftirici ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 (F12) a\u00e7\u0131n ve “Network” sekmesini kontrol edin. Sayfan\u0131n HTTP durum kodunun ger\u00e7ekten 404 (veya 500, 502 vb.) oldu\u011fundan emin olun. <code>internal<\/code> direktifi sayesinde, Nginx \u00f6zel hata sayfas\u0131n\u0131 sunarken orijinal hata kodunu koruyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Geli\u015fmi\u015f Konular ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx’in \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a esnektir. \u0130\u015fte daha geli\u015fmi\u015f senaryolar ve en iyi uygulamalar:<\/p>\n<h4>H3: \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131nda Dinamik \u0130\u00e7erik ve Uygulama Entegrasyonu<\/h4>\n<p>Bazen basit HTML dosyalar\u0131 yeterli olmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hata sayfas\u0131nda bir arama formu g\u00f6stermek veya hata ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131na kaydetmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bu durumda, hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 bir arka u\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 (PHP, Python, Node.js) taraf\u0131ndan dinamik olarak olu\u015fturulacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n # ...\n error_page 404 =200 \/index.php?error=404; # =200 orijinal durumu korur veya de\u011fi\u015ftirir\n error_page 500 502 503 504 =500 \/index.php?error=500;\n\n location ~ \\.php$ {\n include snippets\/fastcgi-php.conf;\n fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php\/php8.1-fpm.sock; # PHP-FPM soket yolunuz\n fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # PHP'nin hatalar\u0131 yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar\n }\n\n # ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>* <code>=200<\/code>: Bu, Nginx’in hata sayfas\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP durum kodunu 200 OK olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini sa\u011flar. Bu, arama motorlar\u0131n\u0131n 404 sayfas\u0131n\u0131 indekslemesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in “soft 404” durumlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir, ancak genellikle orijinal hata kodunu korumak daha iyidir (<code>=404<\/code> veya hi\u00e7 belirtmeyin). E\u011fer durum kodunu korumak istiyorsan\u0131z, sadece <code>\/index.php?error=404;<\/code> kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <code>fastcgi_intercept_errors on;<\/code>: Bu direktif, FastCGI sunucusundan gelen hatalar\u0131n Nginx taraf\u0131ndan yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve <code>error_page<\/code> direktifleriyle i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: G\u00fcvenlik Hususlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>* <strong><code>internal<\/code> Direktifi:<\/strong> Daha \u00f6nce de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, <code>internal<\/code> direktifi hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan URL \u00fczerinden eri\u015filmesini engeller. Bu, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamalar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>Hassas Bilgilerin Gizlenmesi:<\/strong> \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131zda sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, veritaban\u0131 hatalar\u0131 veya dosya yollar\u0131 gibi hassas bilgileri asla if\u015fa etmeyin. Genel ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu mesajlar kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Loglama:<\/strong> Nginx hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini (<code>\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code>) d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin. Bu, sunucunuzdaki sorunlar\u0131 tespit etmenize ve gidermenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: SEO ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Deneyimi \u0130\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>* <strong>Net ve Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Mesajlar:<\/strong> Hata sayfas\u0131ndaki metin, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlamas\u0131na ve bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131 atmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, “Sayfa bulunamad\u0131. Belki ana sayfam\u0131za gitmek istersiniz?” gibi.<br \/>\n* <strong>Navigasyon Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 sitenizin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine (ana sayfa, ileti\u015fim, site haritas\u0131) y\u00f6nlendiren ba\u011flant\u0131lar ekleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Marka Kimli\u011fi:<\/strong> Hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sitenizin genel tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve renk \u015femas\u0131yla uyumlu hale getirin.<br \/>\n* <strong>“Soft 404″lerden Ka\u00e7\u0131nma:<\/strong> Bir 404 hatas\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda, Nginx’in ger\u00e7ekten 404 HTTP durum kodunu d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden emin olun. E\u011fer 200 OK d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrseniz, arama motorlar\u0131 bu sayfay\u0131 ge\u00e7erli bir sayfa olarak indeksleyebilir ve bu da SEO’nuza zarar verebilir. <code>error_page 404 \/404.html;<\/code> varsay\u0131lan olarak 404 durum kodunu korur.<\/p>\n<h4>H3: Nginx Reverse Proxy ve Backend Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer Nginx’i bir ters proxy olarak kullan\u0131yor ve arka u\u00e7 sunuculardan gelen hatalar\u0131 yakalamak istiyorsan\u0131z, <code>proxy_intercept_errors on;<\/code> direktifini kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n listen 80;\n server_name example.com;\n\n location \/ {\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_app; # Arka u\u00e7 sunucunuz\n proxy_set_header Host $host;\n proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n proxy_intercept_errors on; # Arka u\u00e7tan gelen hatalar\u0131 yakala\n\n error_page 403 \/403.html;\n error_page 404 \/404.html;\n error_page 500 502 503 504 \/50x.html;\n }\n\n # Hata sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in location bloklar\u0131 (yukar\u0131daki gibi)\n location = \/403.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/404.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n location = \/50x.html {\n root \/etc\/nginx\/errors;\n internal;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma ile, arka u\u00e7 uygulaman\u0131z 500, 502 gibi bir hata d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Nginx bu hatay\u0131 yakalayacak ve \u00f6zel 50x.html sayfan\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n<p>* <strong><code>nginx -t<\/code> Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zda bir s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 varsa, bu komut size hatan\u0131n yerini ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyecektir. Hata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice okuyun.<br \/>\n* <strong>Nginx Yeniden Ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor:<\/strong> <code>sudo systemctl status nginx<\/code> komutu ile hatan\u0131n nedenini kontrol edin. Genellikle yap\u0131land\u0131rma hatalar\u0131 veya port \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor:<\/strong><br \/>\n * <strong>Dosya Yollar\u0131:<\/strong> <code>error_page<\/code> direktifindeki ve <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fundaki dosya yollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun (<code>root<\/code> direktifiyle birlikte).<br \/>\n <em> <strong>\u0130zinler:<\/strong> Nginx kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (genellikle <code>www-data<\/code>) hata sayfalar\u0131na okuma iznine sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun (<code>sudo chmod 644 \/etc\/nginx\/errors\/<\/em>.html<\/code>).<br \/>\n * <strong><code>internal<\/code> Direktifi:<\/strong> <code>internal<\/code> direktifi do\u011fru yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f mi? Hata sayfalar\u0131na do\u011frudan eri\u015fim engellenmi\u015f mi?<br \/>\n * <strong>\u00d6nbellek (Cache):<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n veya CDN’nizin \u00f6nbelle\u011fini temizlemeyi deneyin. Bazen eski hata sayfalar\u0131 \u00f6nbellekte kalabilir.<br \/>\n * <strong>\u00c7ak\u0131\u015fan <code>location<\/code> Bloklar\u0131:<\/strong> Nginx’in istekleri i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zel hata sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer <code>location<\/code> bloklar\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. \u00d6zellikle <code>= \/hata.html<\/code> gibi kesin e\u015fle\u015fme lokasyonlar\u0131 genellikle g\u00fcvenlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Arka U\u00e7 Uygulamas\u0131ndan Gelen Hatalar:<\/strong> E\u011fer bir ters proxy kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, <code>proxy_intercept_errors on;<\/code> direktifinin etkin oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00fczerinde \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, web sitenizin kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini, marka tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve genel profesyonelli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu makalede ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g\u00f6sterilen talimatlar\u0131 ve en iyi uygulama \u00f6nerilerini takip ederek, ziyaret\u00e7ilerinize kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 hatalarda bile bilgilendirici, yard\u0131mc\u0131 ve markal\u0131 bir deneyim sunabilirsiniz. G\u00fcvenli ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir web ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n, iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir hata sayfas\u0131, potansiyel bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile olumlu bir etkile\u015fime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nginx’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma\nWeb sunucular\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bir iste\u011fi i\u015fleyemedi","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37466","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n<title>Nginx'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Hata Sayfalar\u0131 Kullanacak \u015eekilde Yap\u0131land\u0131rma - 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