{"id":37430,"date":"2026-01-04T13:40:46","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T10:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=37430"},"modified":"2026-01-04T13:40:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T10:40:46","slug":"elasticsearchi-ubuntu-14-04-uzerine-kurulum-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/elasticsearchi-ubuntu-14-04-uzerine-kurulum-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Elasticsearch’\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Elasticsearch’\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Elasticsearch, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k, RESTful bir arama ve analiz motorudur. B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir tam metin aramas\u0131, analitik ve operasyonel zeka yetenekleri sunar. Apache Lucene \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olup, JSON tabanl\u0131 belgelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve yatay \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik, y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 arama \u00f6zellikleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Elasticsearch’\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve sisteminizi nas\u0131l optimize edece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. Ubuntu 14.04 nispeten eski bir i\u015fletim sistemi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu rehber, belirli gereksinimleri olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 bir yol haritas\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Elasticsearch ve \u00d6nemi<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn veri odakl\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, i\u015fletmeler ve geli\u015ftiriciler, s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcyen veri y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan anlaml\u0131 bilgiler \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lara ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Elasticsearch, bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve son derece pop\u00fcler bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Log y\u00f6netimi (ELK Stack’in “E”si olarak), e-ticaret sitelerinde \u00fcr\u00fcn aramas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik analizi, i\u015f zekas\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ve daha bir\u00e7ok alanda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. H\u0131z\u0131, esnekli\u011fi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k mimarisi sayesinde, milyonlarca belgeyi saniyeler i\u00e7inde indeksleyebilir ve sorgulayabilir.<\/p>\n

Bu rehber, \u00f6zellikle Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedeflemektedir. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm, uzun s\u00fcreli destek almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00fcncel Elasticsearch s\u00fcr\u00fcmleriyle (\u00f6rne\u011fin 7.x veya 8.x) tam uyumluluk ve en iyi performans\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha yeni Java s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (Java 11 veya \u00fczeri) gerektirebilir. Bu nedenle, Ubuntu 14.04 ile uyumlu olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Elasticsearch 6.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmay\u0131 tercih edece\u011fiz. Bu versiyon, Java 8 ile sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Elasticsearch’\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. En \u00f6nemlisi, Elasticsearch bir Java uygulamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sisteminizde Java Development Kit (JDK) kurulu olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Java Kurulumu<\/h4>\n

Elasticsearch 6.x i\u00e7in OpenJDK 8 \u00f6nerilir. Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerinde OpenJDK 8’i kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

1. G\u00fcncel Paket Listesini Yenileme:<\/strong>
\n \u0130lk olarak, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  OpenJDK 8 PPA’s\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    Ubuntu 14.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda OpenJDK 8 bulunmayabilir. Bu nedenle, bir PPA (Personal Package Archive) eklememiz gerekecek:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common\n    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r\/ppa\n    sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  OpenJDK 8 Kurulumu:<\/strong>
\n    \u015eimdi OpenJDK 8’i kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Java Kurulumunu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    Kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
java -version<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 olarak openjdk version \"1.8.0_...\"<\/code> gibi bir sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Sistem Kaynaklar\u0131 ve Limit Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda, sistem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 verimli kullanmak i\u00e7in belirli ayarlamalar gerektirir.<\/p>\n
1.  Dosya Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 Limitleri (File Descriptors):<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch, \u00e7ok say\u0131da dosya ve soket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, dosya tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 limitinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Varsay\u0131lan limit genellikle 1024’t\u00fcr, ancak Elasticsearch i\u00e7in en az 65536 olmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.
\n    \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
elasticsearch - nofile 65536\n    elasticsearch - nproc 65536<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayarlar\u0131n etkili olabilmesi i\u00e7in oturumu kapat\u0131p tekrar a\u00e7man\u0131z veya sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
2.  Sanal Bellek Ayarlar\u0131 (Virtual Memory):<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch, mmapfs dizin depolama t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak indeks verilerini y\u00f6netir. Bu, varsay\u0131lan Linux sanal bellek ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131na neden olabilir. vm.max_map_count<\/code> de\u011ferini art\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.
\n    \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
vm.max_map_count=262144<\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Bellek Kilitleme (Memory Lock):<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch’\u0131n JVM’sinin belle\u011fi takas (swap) alan\u0131na yazmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek \u00f6nemlidir. Takaslama performans\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. Bu ayar, JVM’nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belle\u011fin RAM’de kilitlenmesini sa\u011flar.
\n    elasticsearch.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda bootstrap.memory_lock: true<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirece\u011fiz, ancak \u00f6ncelikle sistemi bu kilitlemeye izin verecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z.
\n    \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin (\u00f6nceki ad\u0131mda eklemediyseniz):<\/p>\n
elasticsearch - memlock unlimited<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayarlar\u0131n etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch’\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerine kurman\u0131n en kolay yolu, Elastic \u015firketinin resmi APT deposunu kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu sayede g\u00fcncellemeleri de kolayca alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 ve Depo Tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme<\/h4>\n
1.  GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u00e7e Aktarma:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch paketlerinin do\u011frulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize ekleyin:<\/p>\n
wget -qO - https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Elasticsearch Deposunu Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    \u015eimdi Elasticsearch 6.x deposunu \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/code> dizinine ekleyin.<\/p>\n
echo \"deb https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/packages\/6.x\/apt stable main\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/elastic-6.x.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, elastic-6.x.list<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturacak ve i\u00e7ine depo tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yazacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.  Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni depoyu tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in paket listesini tekrar g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Elasticsearch Paketini Kurma<\/h4>\n
Art\u0131k Elasticsearch paketini sisteminize kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Elasticsearch servisi otomatik olarak ba\u015flamayabilir. Sonraki ad\u0131mlarda servisi y\u00f6netece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch’\u0131n ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml<\/code> adresinde bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca JVM ayarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \/etc\/elasticsearch\/jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (elasticsearch.yml<\/code>)<\/h4>\n
Bu dosya, Elasticsearch k\u00fcmenizin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini belirler. sudo nano \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml<\/code> komutuyla dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki temel ayarlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin veya de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
1.  K\u00fcme Ad\u0131 (cluster.name<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Her Elasticsearch k\u00fcmesinin benzersiz bir ad\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 k\u00fcmedeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin ayn\u0131 k\u00fcme ad\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
cluster.name: my-application-cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Kendi uygulaman\u0131z veya ortam\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in anlaml\u0131 bir ad se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
2.  D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Ad\u0131 (node.name<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u00fcme i\u00e7inde benzersiz bir ad\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, loglarda ve y\u00f6netim ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
node.name: node-1<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulumda bile bir ad vermek iyi bir pratiktir.<\/p>\n
3.  Veri ve Log Dizinleri (path.data<\/code>, path.logs<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch, indeks verilerini ve log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 belirli dizinlerde saklar. Varsay\u0131lan yollar genellikle \/var\/lib\/elasticsearch<\/code> ve \/var\/log\/elasticsearch<\/code>‘tur. Bu yollar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isterseniz, ilgili dizinleri olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve Elasticsearch kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na (genellikle elasticsearch<\/code>) gerekli izinleri vermeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
path.data: \/var\/lib\/elasticsearch\n    path.logs: \/var\/log\/elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda, veri dizinini ayr\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir diske (SSD \u00f6nerilir) ta\u015f\u0131mak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
4.  A\u011f Ayarlar\u0131 (network.host<\/code>, http.port<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch’\u0131n hangi IP adresinden dinleyece\u011fini ve hangi portu kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.
\n    *   network.host: 127.0.0.1<\/code>: Sadece yerel makineden eri\u015fime izin verir (g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir).
\n    *   network.host: 0.0.0.0<\/code>: T\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinden eri\u015fime izin verir (dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ile korunmal\u0131).
\n    *   network.host: [ \"host1\", \"host2\" ]<\/code>: Belirli IP adreslerinden veya ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131ndan dinlemeyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
network.host: 127.0.0.1\n    http.port: 9200<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer farkl\u0131 bir sunucudan eri\u015fim sa\u011flaman\u0131z gerekiyorsa, network.host<\/code> de\u011ferini sunucunuzun \u00f6zel IP adresine ayarlayabilir veya 0.0.0.0<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak 0.0.0.0<\/code> kullan\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (UFW) ile 9200 portunu sadece g\u00fcvenilir IP’lere a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n
5.  Bellek Kilitleme (bootstrap.memory_lock<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    JVM’nin belle\u011fi takas alan\u0131na yazmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in bu ayar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirin. \u00d6n gereksinimler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sistem ayarlar\u0131 ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
bootstrap.memory_lock: true<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirdikten sonra, Elasticsearch’\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131rken memory locking is not enabled<\/code> gibi bir hata al\u0131rsan\u0131z, limits.conf<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sistem yeniden ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
6.  Ke\u015fif Ayarlar\u0131 (\u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc K\u00fcme \u0130\u00e7in):<\/strong>
\n    Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulum yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z bu ayarlar zorunlu de\u011fildir, ancak gelecekte k\u00fcmenizi geni\u015fletmeyi planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z faydal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n    *   discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts<\/code>: K\u00fcmedeki di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin IP adreslerini veya ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131n\u0131 listeler.
\n    *   discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes<\/code>: K\u00fcmedeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f beyin (split-brain) durumunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, master olmaya aday d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin minimum say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Genellikle (N\/2) + 1<\/code> form\u00fcl\u00fcyle hesaplan\u0131r, burada N master olmaya aday d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
# discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: [\"host1\", \"host2:9300\"]\n    # discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulum i\u00e7in bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
JVM Ayarlar\u0131 (jvm.options<\/code>)<\/h4>\n
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) ayarlar\u0131, Elasticsearch’\u0131n bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. \/etc\/elasticsearch\/jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek bu ayarlar\u0131 yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Bellek Ayarlar\u0131 (-Xms<\/code>, -Xmx<\/code>):<\/strong>
\n    Bu ayarlar, JVM’ye tahsis edilecek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve maksimum heap belle\u011fini belirler. En iyi performans i\u00e7in -Xms<\/code> ve -Xmx<\/code> de\u011ferlerinin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve toplam sistem RAM’inin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memesi \u00f6nerilir. Ayr\u0131ca, 31GB’\u0131 ge\u00e7memelidir (compressed ordinary object pointers – oops nedeniyle).
\n    \u00d6rne\u011fin, sunucunuzda 8GB RAM varsa:<\/p>\n
-Xms4g\n    -Xmx4g<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu de\u011ferleri sunucunuzun RAM miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 4GB RAM’iniz varsa 2GB ay\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra, dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch Servisini Y\u00f6netme<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 14.04, systemd<\/code> yerine Upstart<\/code> veya SysVinit<\/code> kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, servis y\u00f6netim komutlar\u0131 biraz farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Elasticsearch Servisini Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo service elasticsearch start<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Elasticsearch Servisini Durdurma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo service elasticsearch stop<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Elasticsearch Servisini Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo service elasticsearch restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Elasticsearch Servisinin Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo service elasticsearch status<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, servisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, PID’sini ve son log \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
5.  Sistem Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Otomatik Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch’\u0131n sistem her a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo update-rc.d elasticsearch defaults 95 10<\/code><\/pre>\n
    95<\/code>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131, 10<\/code> ise durdurma s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n
Kurulumu Test Etme<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch servisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r duruma geldikten sonra, kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 basit bir HTTP iste\u011fi ile kontrol edebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in curl<\/code> komutunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
1.  Temel Durum Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong><\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, Elasticsearch d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda temel bilgileri i\u00e7eren bir JSON yan\u0131t\u0131 almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ad\u0131, k\u00fcme ad\u0131, Elasticsearch s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc ve Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc gibi bilgileri i\u00e7erecektir.<\/p>\n
2.  Sa\u011fl\u0131k Durumu Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong>
\n    K\u00fcmenizin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/_cat\/health?v\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    status<\/code> alan\u0131n\u0131n green<\/code> veya yellow<\/code> olmas\u0131 beklenir. red<\/code> olmas\u0131 bir sorun oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulumda, varsay\u0131lan olarak indeksler birincil shard’lar i\u00e7in yellow<\/code> stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc replikalar (ikincil kopyalar) atanacak ba\u015fka d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yoktur.<\/p>\n
3.  D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Bilgileri:<\/strong>
\n    D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi almak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/_cat\/nodes?v\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, k\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ve temel metriklerini listeler.<\/p>\n
Temel Kullan\u0131m \u00d6rnekleri<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch’\u0131n temel CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) i\u015flemlerini anlamak, onu kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  \u0130ndeks Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130ndeksler, Elasticsearch’taki belgelerin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mant\u0131ksal b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdir.<\/p>\n
curl -X PUT \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, {\"acknowledged\":true,\"shards_acknowledged\":true,\"index\":\"my_first_index\"}<\/code> gibi bir yan\u0131t al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
2.  Belge Ekleme (\u0130ndeksleme):<\/strong>
\n    Bir indekse belge eklemek i\u00e7in POST<\/code> veya PUT<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz. E\u011fer bir ID belirtmezseniz Elasticsearch otomatik bir ID atar (POST<\/code>). Belirli bir ID ile eklemek i\u00e7in PUT<\/code> kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
curl -X PUT \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_doc\/1\" -H \"Content-Type: application\/json\" -d'\n    {\n      \"title\": \"Elasticsearch Kurulum Rehberi\",\n      \"author\": \"Yazar Ad\u0131\",\n      \"published_date\": \"2023-10-27\",\n      \"content\": \"Bu rehber, Elasticsearch kurulumunu anlatmaktad\u0131r.\"\n    }\n    '<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Belge Arama:<\/strong>
\n    Ekledi\u011finiz belgeleri arayabilirsiniz.
\n    *   T\u00fcm Belgeleri Getirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_search?pretty\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   Belirli Bir Alanda Arama:<\/strong><\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_search?q=title:Rehber&pretty\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   Query DSL ile Arama:<\/strong><\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_search?pretty\" -H \"Content-Type: application\/json\" -d'\n        {\n          \"query\": {\n            \"match\": {\n              \"content\": \"kurulum\"\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        '<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  Belge G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Bir belgeyi ID’sine g\u00f6re g\u00fcncelleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
curl -X POST \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_doc\/1\/_update\" -H \"Content-Type: application\/json\" -d'\n    {\n      \"doc\": {\n        \"author\": \"Yeni Yazar Ad\u0131\"\n      }\n    }\n    '<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  Belge Silme:<\/strong>
\n    Bir belgeyi ID’sine g\u00f6re silebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
curl -X DELETE \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\/_doc\/1\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.  \u0130ndeks Silme:<\/strong>
\n    Bir indeksi ve t\u00fcm i\u00e7eriklerini silebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
curl -X DELETE \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/my_first_index\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutu dikkatli kullan\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc geri al\u0131namaz bir i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik ve Performans \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
\u00dcretim ortam\u0131nda Elasticsearch kullan\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik ve performans kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik<\/h4>\n
1.  A\u011f Eri\u015fimi K\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    network.host<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 127.0.0.1<\/code> (sadece yerel eri\u015fim) veya belirli bir IP adresine ayarlayarak Elasticsearch’\u0131n halka a\u00e7\u0131k internetten eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyin. E\u011fer uzaktan eri\u015fim gerekiyorsa, bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (UFW) kullanarak sadece belirli IP adreslerinden 9200 portuna eri\u015fime izin verin.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 9200\n    sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu \u00f6rnek, 192.168.1.x a\u011f\u0131ndan gelen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verir.<\/p>\n
2.  X-Pack Security:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch’\u0131n ticari bir eklentisi olan X-Pack, kimlik do\u011frulama, yetkilendirme, \u015fifreleme ve denetim gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sunar. Elasticsearch 6.x’in temel lisans\u0131nda baz\u0131 X-Pack \u00f6zellikleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin TLS\/SSL \u015fifreleme) \u00fccretsiz olarak sunulabilir. E\u011fer hassas verilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z veya \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir ortam\u0131n\u0131z varsa, X-Pack Security’yi de\u011ferlendirmeniz \u015fiddetle \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
3.  Reverse Proxy ile Kimlik Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch’\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne Nginx veya Apache gibi bir ters proxy kurarak, HTTP temel kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 veya daha geli\u015fmi\u015f kimlik do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131 ekleyebilirsiniz. Bu, Elasticsearch API’sine eri\u015fimi daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirmenin etkili bir yoludur.<\/p>\n
Performans<\/h4>\n
1.  JVM Bellek Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi, jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki -Xms<\/code> ve -Xmx<\/code> de\u011ferlerini optimize etmek performans\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler. Sistem RAM’inizin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ancak 31GB’\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecek \u015fekilde ayarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  Disk H\u0131z\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch, yo\u011fun disk G\/\u00c7 (I\/O) kullanan bir uygulamad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 SSD’ler, indeksleme ve arama i\u015flemlerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir. Veri dizinini (path.data) ayr\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir diskte tutmak \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
3.  Shard ve Replica Say\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Shardlar:<\/strong> \u0130ndeks verilerinin yatay olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flar. Do\u011fru shard say\u0131s\u0131, verilerin k\u00fcme genelinde dengeli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ve paralel i\u015flenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00c7ok fazla shard, ek y\u00fck (overhead) olu\u015fturabilirken, \u00e7ok az shard \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir.
\n    *   Replikalar:<\/strong> Her shard’\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131d\u0131r ve hem y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik hem de okuma performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir replika, birincil shard’\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131d\u0131r ve farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulumda replikalar\u0131 0 olarak ayarlamak mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, aksi takdirde indeks durumu yellow<\/code> kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4.  Mapping Optimizasyonu:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130ndekslerinizin mapping’ini (\u015femas\u0131n\u0131) do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamak, arama performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 optimize eder. Gereksiz alanlar\u0131 indekslemekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ve alan t\u00fcrlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirleyin.<\/p>\n
5.  Monitoring:<\/strong>
\n    Elasticsearch k\u00fcmenizi s\u00fcrekli izlemek, performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve darbo\u011fazlar\u0131 erken tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. X-Pack Monitoring (\u00fccretli veya temel lisans ile) veya Prometheus\/Grafana gibi ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131labilir. Loglar\u0131 ve metrikleri d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch kurulumunda veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
1.  Servis Ba\u015flam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   Loglar\u0131 Kontrol Edin:<\/strong> En \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m, Elasticsearch loglar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir. Loglar genellikle \/var\/log\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda bulunur. Hata mesajlar\u0131, sorunun k\u00f6kenini anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n    *   Java Yolu ve S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Java’n\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kurulu oldu\u011fundan ve java -version<\/code> komutunun beklenen \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 verdi\u011finden emin olun.
\n    *   Bellek Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki -Xms<\/code> ve -Xmx<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek veya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayarlanm\u0131\u015flarsa, JVM ba\u015flat\u0131lamayabilir. Ayr\u0131ca bootstrap.memory_lock: true<\/code> ayar\u0131 etkinse, sistemin memlock unlimited<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n    *   Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Elasticsearch’\u0131n veri ve log dizinleri i\u00e7in yeterli disk alan\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
2.  A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   network.host<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir IP adresi veya 0.0.0.0<\/code> yerine 127.0.0.1<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan eri\u015fimi engellemesi gibi durumlar olabilir.
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (UFW veya iptables) kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Elasticsearch’\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 9200 (HTTP) ve 9300 (transport layer, k\u00fcme i\u00e7i ileti\u015fim) portlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
3.  K\u00fcme Sorunlar\u0131 (\u00c7ok D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc Kurulumlarda):<\/strong>
\n    *   cluster.name<\/code> t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde ayn\u0131 m\u0131?
\n    *   discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts<\/code> listesi do\u011fru ve g\u00fcncel mi?
\n    *   D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler birbirlerine 9300 portundan eri\u015febiliyor mu? (Telnet veya nc<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla test edilebilir.)<\/p>\n
4.  Performans Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   CPU, RAM ve disk G\/\u00c7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izleyin.
\n    *   Yava\u015f sorgular\u0131 ve indeksleme s\u00fcrelerini belirlemek i\u00e7in Elasticsearch’\u0131n kendi monitoring API’lerini (_cat\/segments<\/code>, _cat\/indices<\/code>, _nodes\/stats<\/code>) kullan\u0131n.
\n    *   Shard ve replika say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu rehberde, Elasticsearch 6.x’i Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerine kurma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele ald\u0131k. Java kurulumundan sistem limitlerinin ayarlanmas\u0131na, temel Elasticsearch yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan servis y\u00f6netimine ve g\u00fcvenlik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok konuyu detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceledik. Art\u0131k temel bir Elasticsearch d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131yla kurmu\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale getirmi\u015f olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, Ubuntu 14.04 eski bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri art\u0131k sa\u011flanmamaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda veya daha yeni projelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, g\u00fcncel Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin Ubuntu 22.04 LTS) ve en son Elasticsearch s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin Elasticsearch 8.x) kullanman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu, hem daha iyi performans hem de s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurulumunuzu tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, bir sonraki ad\u0131m genellikle Elasticsearch’\u0131 Logstash ve Kibana ile entegre ederek tam bir ELK Stack olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Bu sayede loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 toplayabilir, analiz edebilir ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Elasticsearch’\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tam olarak ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in resmi dok\u00fcmantasyonu incelemeye devam etmeniz ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131m senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 denemeniz faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Elasticsearch’\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\nElasticsearch, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k, RESTful bir arama ve analiz motorudur. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37430","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nElasticsearch'\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/elasticsearchi-ubuntu-14-04-uzerine-kurulum-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elasticsearch'\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Elasticsearch'\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 \u00dczerine Kurulum ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi Elasticsearch, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k, RESTful bir arama ve analiz motorudur. 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