CentOS 6, kurumsal d\u00fczeyde sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda hala aktif olarak kullan\u0131labilen sa\u011flam ve g\u00fcvenilir bir i\u015fletim sistemidir. Bu sistemlerde yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketlerini y\u00f6netmenin anahtar\u0131, Yellowdog Updater, Modified (Yum) paket y\u00f6neticisi ve onun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 depolard\u0131r (repositories). Bu rehberde, CentOS 6 VPS’inizde Yum depolar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, y\u00f6netece\u011finizi, yeni depolar ekleyece\u011finizi ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz sorunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l giderece\u011finizi detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Yum, paketleri otomatik olarak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte indirip kurman\u0131z\u0131, g\u00fcncellemenizi veya kald\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, paketlerin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklara “depo” denir. Depolar, binlerce yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran sunuculard\u0131r ve Yum, bu sunucularla ileti\u015fim kurarak istedi\u011finiz yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 bulur ve y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n
Yum ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan temel komutlar\u0131 bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bu komutlar, paket y\u00f6netimi i\u015flemlerinizin \u00e7o\u011funu kapsayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sisteminizdeki t\u00fcm y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine g\u00fcncellemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
sudo yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n-y<\/code> parametresi, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 vermenizi sa\u011flar, bu da etkile\u015fimsiz g\u00fcncellemeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\nPaket Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Belirli bir paketi sisteminize kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo yum install <\/code><\/pre>\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, Nginx web sunucusunu kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\nPaket Kald\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
Sistemden bir paketi ve onun ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (e\u011fer ba\u015fka bir paket taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131yorsa) kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo yum remove <\/code><\/pre>\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, Nginx’i kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo yum remove nginx<\/code><\/pre>\nPaket Arama<\/h3>\n
Bir anahtar kelimeye g\u00f6re paket aramak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
yum search <\/code><\/pre>\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, “php” ile ilgili paketleri aramak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
yum search php<\/code><\/pre>\nPaket Bilgisi G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/h3>\n
Bir paketin detayl\u0131 bilgilerini (s\u00fcr\u00fcm, boyut, a\u00e7\u0131klama, depo kayna\u011f\u0131 vb.) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
yum info <\/code><\/pre>\nDepolar\u0131 Listeleme<\/h3>\n
Etkin olan veya t\u00fcm tan\u0131ml\u0131 depolar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
yum repolist # Sadece etkin depolar\u0131 listeler\nyum repolist all # T\u00fcm tan\u0131ml\u0131 depolar\u0131 (etkin\/devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131) listeler<\/code><\/pre>\nYum \u00d6nbelle\u011fini Temizleme<\/h3>\n
Yum, indirdi\u011fi paketleri ve depo meta verilerini \u00f6nbelle\u011finde saklar. Bazen bu \u00f6nbellek bozulabilir veya eski bilgiler i\u00e7erebilir. \u00d6nbelle\u011fi temizlemek, sorun giderme ve g\u00fcncel depo bilgileri almak i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo yum clean all<\/code><\/pre>\nYum Depolar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak<\/h2>\n
Yum depolar\u0131, CentOS sisteminizde \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/<\/code> dizininde bulunan .repo<\/code> uzant\u0131l\u0131 dosyalarda tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Her bir dosya, bir veya daha fazla depo tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Bu dosyalar, Yum’un paketleri nereden indirece\u011fini, GPG anahtarlar\u0131yla nas\u0131l do\u011frulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve depo hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bilgileri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\nBir .repo Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n
Bir .repo<\/code> dosyas\u0131 genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir:<\/p>\n[depo_kimli\u011fi]\nname=Depo Ad\u0131\nbaseurl=http:\/\/example.com\/repo\/centos\/$releasever\/$basearch\/\n#mirrorlist=http:\/\/example.com\/repo\/mirrorlist?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=http:\/\/example.com\/repo\/RPM-GPG-KEY-example<\/code><\/pre>\nYukar\u0131daki parametrelerin anlamlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
\n[depo_kimli\u011fi]<\/code>: Deponun benzersiz ad\u0131d\u0131r. Yum komutlar\u0131nda bu kimli\u011fi kullanarak depoyu referans al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z (\u00f6rn. --enablerepo=depo_kimli\u011fi<\/code>).<\/li>\nname<\/code>: Deponun insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\nbaseurl<\/code>: Paketlerin indirilece\u011fi ana URL’yi belirtir. Genellikle $releasever<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin 6) ve $basearch<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin x86_64) gibi de\u011fi\u015fkenler i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\nmirrorlist<\/code>: baseurl<\/code> yerine kullan\u0131labilen, otomatik olarak en yak\u0131n ve g\u00fcncel yans\u0131y\u0131 (mirror) bulan bir URL’dir. Genellikle baseurl<\/code> veya mirrorlist<\/code>‘ten sadece biri aktif olur.<\/li>\nenabled<\/code>: Bu deponun etkin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. 1<\/code> etkin, 0<\/code> devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 demektir.<\/li>\ngpgcheck<\/code>: Paketlerin GPG anahtar\u0131yla do\u011frulan\u0131p do\u011frulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in 1<\/code> (etkin) olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/li>\ngpgkey<\/code>: Deponun GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131n URL’sini belirtir. Bu anahtar, indirilen paketlerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve orijinalli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nVarsay\u0131lan CentOS Depolar\u0131<\/h3>\n
CentOS 6’da varsay\u0131lan olarak birka\u00e7 depo tan\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar genellikle CentOS-Base.repo<\/code>, CentOS-Media.repo<\/code>, CentOS-Vault.repo<\/code> gibi dosyalarda bulunur.<\/p>\ncat \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, ana CentOS deposunun i\u00e7eri\u011fini size g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
Yeni Bir Yum Deposu Ekleme<\/h2>\n
CentOS’un varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yayg\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erse de, bazen daha g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere veya \u00f6zel yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf depolar eklemeniz gerekebilir. En yayg\u0131n eklenen depolardan biri EPEL’dir.<\/p>\n
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) Deposunu Ekleme<\/h3>\n
EPEL, Fedora projesi taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ve RHEL tabanl\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar (CentOS dahil) i\u00e7in ek paketler sa\u011flayan bir depodur. Bir\u00e7ok pop\u00fcler yaz\u0131l\u0131m EPEL’de bulunur.<\/p>\n
EPEL deposunu eklemenin en kolay yolu, EPEL yay\u0131n paketini kurmakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install epel-release<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/epel.repo<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak olu\u015fturacak ve gerekli GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktaracakt\u0131r. Kurulumdan sonra depoyu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\nyum repolist | grep epel<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Taraf Depolar\u0131 Manuel Olarak Ekleme (\u00d6rnek: Nginx)<\/h3>\n
Baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n kendi resmi depolar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu depolar\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in genellikle .repo<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n\u00d6rnek olarak, Nginx’in en son stabil s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in Nginx’in resmi deposunu ekleyelim:<\/p>\n
\n- Depo dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/strong>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/nginx.repo<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/strong>\n
[nginx]\nname=nginx repo\nbaseurl=http:\/\/nginx.org\/packages\/centos\/$releasever\/$basearch\/\ngpgcheck=1\nenabled=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/nginx.org\/keys\/nginx_signing.key<\/code><\/pre>\n$releasever<\/code> (CentOS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc) ve $basearch<\/code> (sistem mimarisi) de\u011fi\u015fkenleri Yum taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenecektir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktar\u0131n:<\/strong> Nginx deposunun GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak i\u00e7e aktarman\u0131z gerekebilir.\n
sudo rpm --import https:\/\/nginx.org\/keys\/nginx_signing.key<\/code><\/pre>\nBu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlaman\u0131z durumunda, Yum paket kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir GPG anahtar\u0131 hatas\u0131 verecektir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- Depoyu kontrol edin ve Nginx’i kurun:<\/strong>\n
yum repolist | grep nginx\nsudo yum install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nYerel (Local) Yum Deposu Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Bazen internet eri\u015fimi olmayan sunucular i\u00e7in veya \u00f6zel geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f paketleri da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kendi yerel deponuzu olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu senaryo, paketleri bir sunucuya kopyalay\u0131p, o sunucuyu bir depo olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
\ncreaterepo<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 kurun:<\/strong>\nsudo yum install createrepo<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- Paketleriniz i\u00e7in bir dizin olu\u015fturun:<\/strong>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/html\/localrepo<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- RPM paketlerinizi bu dizine kopyalay\u0131n:<\/strong>\n
sudo cp \/path\/to\/your\/packages\/*.rpm \/var\/www\/html\/localrepo\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- Depo meta verilerini olu\u015fturun:<\/strong>\n
sudo createrepo \/var\/www\/html\/localrepo\/<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, depodaki paketlerin indeksini olu\u015fturan repodata<\/code> dizinini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- Bir web sunucusu (Apache veya Nginx) kurun ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n:<\/strong> Yerel deponuzu di\u011fer sunuculara veya ayn\u0131 sunucuya HTTP \u00fczerinden sunmak i\u00e7in bir web sunucusu gereklidir. \u00d6rnek olarak Apache:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install httpd\nsudo service httpd start\nsudo chkconfig httpd on # Yeniden ba\u015flatmalarda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in\nsudo chown -R apache:apache \/var\/www\/html\/localrepo # Apache'nin okuma izni olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- Yerel depoyu sisteme ekleyin:<\/strong>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/local.repo<\/code><\/pre>\n\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
[localrepo]\nname=Local Repository\nbaseurl=http:\/\/localhost\/localrepo\/\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0 # Yerel depoda genellikle GPG kontrol\u00fc devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, ancak iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/code><\/pre>\nBa\u015fka bir sunucudan eri\u015fecekseniz, localhost<\/code> yerine web sunucusunun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- Yum \u00f6nbelle\u011fini temizleyin ve depoyu kontrol edin:<\/strong>\n
sudo yum clean all\nyum repolist | grep localrepo<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nDepolar\u0131 Y\u00f6netme ve S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar<\/h2>\n
Birden fazla depo ekledi\u011finizde, bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 gidermek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Depolar\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme ve Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma<\/h3>\n
Bir deponun .repo<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki enabled=1<\/code> parametresini enabled=0<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirerek veya tam tersi \u015fekilde depoyu etkinle\u015ftirebilir veya devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakabilirsiniz. Bu, \u00f6zellikle test ama\u00e7l\u0131 veya \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalara neden olan depolar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\nGe\u00e7ici olarak bir depoyu etkinle\u015ftirmek veya devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in yum<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla birlikte --enablerepo<\/code> veya --disablerepo<\/code> parametrelerini kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo yum install --enablerepo=\nsudo yum install --disablerepo=<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, EPEL’den bir paketi sadece bir seferlik kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install htop --enablerepo=epel<\/code><\/pre>\nDepo \u00d6nceliklendirme<\/h3>\n
Birden fazla depo ayn\u0131 paketin farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7erdi\u011finde \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanabilir. Bu durumlarda, Yum’un hangi depodan paket alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceliklendirme kullan\u0131l\u0131r. CentOS 6’da bu genellikle yum-plugin-priorities<\/code> paketi ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\nsudo yum install yum-plugin-priorities<\/code><\/pre>\nKurulduktan sonra, .repo<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131za priority=<\/code> parametresini ekleyebilirsiniz. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck say\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6ncelik anlam\u0131na gelir (1 en y\u00fcksek \u00f6nceliktir). \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n[myrepo]\nname=My Custom Repo\nbaseurl=http:\/\/example.com\/repo\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=http:\/\/example.com\/repo\/RPM-GPG-KEY\npriority=5 # Varsay\u0131lan depolar genellikle 10-20 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/code><\/pre>\nS\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n\n- GPG Anahtar\u0131 Hatas\u0131:<\/strong>\n
\"Public key for .rpm is not installed\"<\/code> veya \"GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] problem making ssl connection\"<\/code> gibi hatalar alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> \u0130lgili deponun GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak i\u00e7e aktar\u0131n (yukar\u0131daki Nginx \u00f6rne\u011findeki gibi). E\u011fer SSL ba\u011flant\u0131 hatas\u0131 al\u0131yorsan\u0131z, sunucunuzun internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve DNS ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\nsudo rpm --import <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n- “Nothing to do” veya “No package available”:<\/strong>\n
Yum, paketi bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu mesaj\u0131 verebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Paket ad\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/li>\n
- Deponun etkin oldu\u011fundan emin olun (
enabled=1<\/code>).<\/li>\nsudo yum clean all<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p tekrar deneyin.<\/li>\n- Depo
baseurl<\/code> veya mirrorlist<\/code> adreslerinin do\u011fru ve eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>\n
Yum, bir paketi kurarken veya g\u00fcncellerken ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemedi\u011finde hatalar verebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\nyum deplist <\/code> komutu ile paketin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n- \u00c7ak\u0131\u015fan depolar\u0131 kontrol edin ve \u00f6nceliklendirme kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/li>\n
- Bazen sorunlu bir paketi kald\u0131rmak ve yeniden kurmak yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n
yum history undo <\/code> ile \u00f6nceki bir i\u015flemi geri alabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- Depo URL’sine Eri\u015filemiyor:<\/strong>\n
\"Could not retrieve mirrorlist\"<\/code> veya \"Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository\"<\/code> gibi hatalar.<\/p>\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- VPS’inizin internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (
ping google.com<\/code>).<\/li>\n- Depo dosyas\u0131ndaki
baseurl<\/code> veya mirrorlist<\/code> adresinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda oldu\u011fundan emin olun (bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan eri\u015fmeyi deneyebilirsiniz).<\/li>\n- G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (firewall) kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n depo sunucusuna eri\u015fimi engellemedi\u011finden emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n
Bu rehberde, CentOS 6 VPS’inizde Yum depolar\u0131n\u0131 kurma, y\u00f6netme ve kullanman\u0131n temel prensiplerini \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Yum, paket y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ve depolar\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel, g\u00fcvenli ve istedi\u011finiz yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf depolar ekleyerek veya kendi yerel deponuzu olu\u015fturarak sisteminizin yeteneklerini geni\u015fletebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h3>\n
S: Yum ve DNF aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong>
\nC: DNF (Dandified Yum), Yum’un daha modern bir halefidir ve Fedora ile CentOS\/RHEL 8+ s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde varsay\u0131lan paket y\u00f6neticisidir. DNF, Yum’a g\u00f6re daha iyi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zme algoritmas\u0131, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 performans ve daha kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir aray\u00fcze sahiptir. CentOS 6’da DNF bulunmaz, sadece Yum kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\nS: Depo dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlerken nelere dikkat etmeliyim?<\/strong>
\nC: Depo dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlerken her zaman dikkatli olun. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma, sisteminizin paketleri bulamamas\u0131na veya yanl\u0131\u015f paketleri kurmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Her zaman bir yedekleme (cp \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/original.repo \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/original.repo.bak<\/code>) al\u0131n ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapmadan \u00f6nce ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. \u00d6zellikle gpgcheck<\/code> ve enabled<\/code> parametreleri \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\nS: GPG anahtar\u0131 neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong>
\nC: GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) anahtarlar\u0131, indirilen paketlerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve orijinalli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f veya sahte paketleri sisteminize kurmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in gpgcheck=1<\/code> olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve anahtar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir kaynaktan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olunmas\u0131 hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\nS: Bir paketin hangi depodan geldi\u011fini nas\u0131l anlar\u0131m?<\/strong>
\nC: Y\u00fckl\u00fc bir paketin hangi depodan geldi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in yum info <\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “From repo:” sat\u0131r\u0131, paketin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir. Ayr\u0131ca yum list installed | grep <\/code> komutu da depoyu listeleyebilir.<\/p>\nS: Yum \u00f6nbelle\u011fi nedir ve neden temizlemeliyim?<\/strong>
\nC: Yum \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, indirilen paket RPM dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve depo meta verilerini (paket listeleri, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k bilgileri) depolar. Bu, gelecekteki i\u015flemleri h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, bazen \u00f6nbellek eski veya bozuk bilgiler i\u00e7erebilir. sudo yum clean all<\/code> komutunu kullanarak \u00f6nbelle\u011fi temizlemek, Yum’un depo bilgilerini yeniden indirmesini ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 gidermesini sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"CentOS 6 VPS’te Yum Depolar\u0131n\u0131 Kurma ve Kullanma Rehberi\nCentOS 6, kurumsal d\u00fczeyde sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda hala aktif olarak kullan\u0131labilen sa\u011fl","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37368","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
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