{"id":37318,"date":"2025-12-30T19:41:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T16:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=37318"},"modified":"2025-12-30T19:41:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T16:41:03","slug":"ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dijital \u00f6\u011frenme platformlar\u0131, e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu platformlar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya genelinde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lanlardan biri de Moodle’d\u0131r. Moodle, e\u011fitmenlerin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kurslar olu\u015fturmas\u0131na, \u00f6\u011frencilerin etkile\u015fimli \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimleri ya\u015famas\u0131na ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini y\u00f6netmesine olanak tan\u0131yan kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00d6\u011frenme Y\u00f6netim Sistemi (LMS) sunar. Moodle’\u0131n esnekli\u011fi, zengin \u00f6zellikleri ve geni\u015f topluluk deste\u011fi, onu her \u00f6l\u00e7ekten e\u011fitim kurumu ve bireysel kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in cazip bir se\u00e7enek haline getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu teknik makalede, bir Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu (VPS) \u00fczerinde, Ubuntu 12.04 i\u015fletim sistemi ve LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Moodle’\u0131n nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz. Ubuntu 12.04, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) sunan stabil bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olup, bir\u00e7ok sunucu ortam\u0131nda hala tercih edilmektedir (ancak g\u00fcncel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r). LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise Moodle’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel altyap\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flar; Apache web sunucusu, MySQL veritaban\u0131 ve PHP betik dili, Moodle’\u0131n sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde i\u015flev g\u00f6rmesini temin eder.<\/p>\n

Bu rehberin amac\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden ileri seviyeye kadar t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, bir VPS \u00fczerinde Moodle kurulumunu ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm bilgileri sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m komutlar, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kurulum s\u00fcrecinin her a\u015famas\u0131 detayland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Moodle kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 12.04 \u0130\u015fletim Sistemine Sahip Bir VPS:<\/strong> Kurulum yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir sanal \u00f6zel sunucunuz olmal\u0131 ve \u00fczerinde Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) kurulu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Sunucuda sistem genelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapabilmek i\u00e7in root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak oturum a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olman\u0131z veya sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanabilecek bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir.
\n* Temel Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Bilgisi:<\/strong> SSH arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131p temel komutlar\u0131 (dizin de\u011fi\u015ftirme, dosya olu\u015fturma\/d\u00fczenleme, paket y\u00fckleme vb.) kullanabilmeniz beklenir.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunun paketleri indirebilmesi ve g\u00fcncellemeleri alabilmesi i\u00e7in aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* LAMP Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131:<\/strong> Bu rehber, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n (Apache, MySQL, PHP) ya kurulu oldu\u011funu varsayar ya da kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131r\u0131r. Moodle’\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli PHP mod\u00fcllerinin de y\u00fckl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6n gereksinimleri sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra, Moodle kurulumuna ge\u00e7meye haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n

LAMP Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Moodle, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu bile\u015fenlerin sunucunuzda kurulu ve do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. E\u011fer sunucunuzda LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaten kuruluysa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc atlayabilir veya mevcut kurulumunuzu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h4>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sistemdeki paket listelerini g\u00fcncelleyip mevcut paketleri y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 alman\u0131z\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
apt-get update<\/code> komutu, yerel paket indeksini g\u00fcncellerken, apt-get upgrade<\/code> komutu kurulu paketleri en yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 vermeyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Apache Web Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Apache, Moodle web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sunacak olan web sunucusudur. Kurulumu olduk\u00e7a basittir:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Apache servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 status<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Apache2 is running<\/code> benzeri bir ifade g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan VPS’inizin IP adresini (\u00f6rne\u011fin http:\/\/your_vps_ip<\/code>) ziyaret ederek Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131lama sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmedi\u011finizi kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
MySQL Veritaban\u0131 Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Moodle, t\u00fcm verilerini (kullan\u0131c\u0131 bilgileri, kurs i\u00e7erikleri, ayarlar vb.) bir veritaban\u0131nda saklar. MySQL, Moodle taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir veritaban\u0131 sistemidir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda, MySQL root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir parola belirlemeniz istenecektir. Bu parolay\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklay\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde bu parolaya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacak.<\/p>\n
Kurulumdan sonra, MySQL sunucusunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu betik size a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 soracakt\u0131r:
\n*   Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/strong> MySQL kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirledi\u011finiz root parolas\u0131n\u0131 girin.
\n*   Change the root password? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Genellikle n<\/code> (hay\u0131r) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7ebilirsiniz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc parolay\u0131 zaten belirlediniz.
\n*   Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> (evet) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.
\n*   Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> (evet) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yerel olarak ba\u011flanabilmesi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> (evet) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Test veritaban\u0131na genellikle ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaz.
\n*   Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> (evet) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Bu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hemen etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
PHP Kurulumu ve Gerekli Mod\u00fcller<\/h4>\n
PHP, Moodle’\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan betik dilidir. Ubuntu 12.04 varsay\u0131lan olarak PHP 5.3.x veya 5.4.x s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7erir. Moodle’\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli PHP mod\u00fcllerinin de y\u00fckl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Moodle 2.8.x veya 2.9.x gibi s\u00fcr\u00fcmler, PHP 5.3.3 veya daha yenisini gerektirir. Biz bu rehberde Moodle 2.8.x’i hedefleyece\u011fiz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc PHP 5.3.10 ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql php5-gd php5-curl php5-xmlrpc php5-intl php5-mbstring php5-zip -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki komut, PHP 5’i ve Moodle i\u00e7in gerekli olan yayg\u0131n mod\u00fclleri y\u00fckler:
\n*   php5<\/code>: PHP ana paketi.
\n*   libapache2-mod-php5<\/code>: PHP’nin Apache ile entegrasyonunu sa\u011flar.
\n*   php5-mysql<\/code>: PHP’nin MySQL veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   php5-gd<\/code>: G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme yetenekleri (grafikler, captcha vb.) i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   php5-curl<\/code>: Uzak sunucularla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   php5-xmlrpc<\/code>: Web servisleri ve uzaktan prosed\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   php5-intl<\/code>: Uluslararas\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve yerelle\u015ftirme (\u00e7oklu dil deste\u011fi) i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   php5-mbstring<\/code>: \u00c7ok baytl\u0131 karakter dizileri (UTF-8) ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   php5-zip<\/code>: ZIP dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PHP kurulumu tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Apache web sunucusunu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir, b\u00f6ylece yeni PHP mod\u00fcllerini y\u00fckleyebilir:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
PHP’nin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in, Apache’nin web k\u00f6k dizininde (\/var\/www\/<\/code> veya \/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>) bir phpinfo.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/phpinfo.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin:<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kaydedip kapat\u0131n (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter). Ard\u0131ndan web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan http:\/\/your_vps_ip\/phpinfo.php<\/code> adresini ziyaret edin. Kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za PHP’nin yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini g\u00f6steren bir sayfa gelmelidir. Bu sayfa, PHP’nin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gerekli mod\u00fcllerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fini teyit etmenizi sa\u011flar. G\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle, test ettikten sonra bu phpinfo.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sunucunuzdan silmeniz \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n
sudo rm \/var\/www\/phpinfo.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Moodle \u0130\u00e7in Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Moodle’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in kendi verilerini depolayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir veritaban\u0131na ve bu veritaban\u0131na eri\u015febilecek bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MySQL sunucusuna root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak ba\u011flan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
Parola istendi\u011finde, MySQL root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011finiz parolay\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturma komutlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE moodle_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, moodle_db<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve varsay\u0131lan karakter setini utf8<\/code> olarak, s\u0131ralama d\u00fczenini ise utf8_general_ci<\/code> olarak ayarlar. Moodle, \u00e7ok dilli i\u00e7eri\u011fi desteklemek i\u00e7in UTF-8 karakter setini \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n
Moodle’\u0131n veritaban\u0131na eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya moodle_db<\/code> veritaban\u0131 \u00fczerinde t\u00fcm yetkileri verelim:<\/p>\n
CREATE USER 'moodleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_secure_password';\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON moodle_db.* TO 'moodleuser'@'localhost';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   CREATE USER 'moodleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_secure_password';<\/code>: moodleuser<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturur. 'localhost'<\/code> ifadesi, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sunucunun kendisinden (yerel olarak) ba\u011flanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. 'your_secure_password'<\/code> yerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve benzersiz bir parola belirlemeyi unutmay\u0131n.
\n   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON moodle_db.<\/em> TO 'moodleuser'@'localhost';<\/code>: moodleuser<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na moodle_db<\/code> veritaban\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm tablolar \u00fczerinde tam yetki verir.
\n*   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code>: MySQL’in yetki tablolar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcklemesini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece de\u011fi\u015fiklikler hemen etkili olur.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 i\u015flemlerini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra MySQL komut istemcisinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n:<\/p>\n
exit;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Moodle Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ndirme ve Kurulum \u0130\u00e7in Haz\u0131rlama<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi s\u0131ra Moodle’\u0131n kendisini sunucuya indirmeye ve web sunucusunun eri\u015febilece\u011fi bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131maya geldi.<\/p>\n
Moodle S\u00fcr\u00fcm Se\u00e7imi ve \u0130ndirme<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc (PHP 5.3.10), Moodle’\u0131n en yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmleriyle uyumlu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, bu PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle uyumlu bir Moodle s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc se\u00e7meliyiz. Moodle 2.8.x, PHP 5.3.3’ten 5.6’ya kadar olan s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri destekledi\u011fi i\u00e7in iyi bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n
Moodle’\u0131n resmi indirme sayfas\u0131ndan (moodle.org\/downloads<\/code>) Moodle 2.8.x’in en son stabil s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc indirebilirsiniz. wget<\/code> komutunu kullanarak do\u011frudan sunucunuza indirelim. \u00d6rnek olarak Moodle 2.8.11’i kullanaca\u011f\u0131z (URL’yi g\u00fcncel Moodle s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re kontrol etmelisiniz):<\/p>\n
cd \/tmp\nwget https:\/\/download.moodle.org\/download.php\/web\/moodle-2.8.11.tgz<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130ndirme ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilir, bu y\u00fczden moodle.org adresinden g\u00fcncel 2.8.x veya 2.9.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru .tgz<\/code> veya .zip<\/code> ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Moodle Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h4>\n
\u0130ndirdi\u011finiz s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
tar -xvzf moodle-2.8.11.tgz<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, moodle<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dizin olu\u015fturacak ve t\u00fcm Moodle dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 bu dizine \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi Moodle dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Apache’nin web k\u00f6k dizinine ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n. Ubuntu 12.04’te bu genellikle \/var\/www\/<\/code> dizinidir:<\/p>\n
sudo mv moodle \/var\/www\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu, Moodle’\u0131 http:\/\/your_vps_ip\/moodle<\/code> adresinden eri\u015filebilir hale getirecektir. E\u011fer Moodle’\u0131 do\u011frudan ana etki alan\u0131n\u0131zda (\u00f6rne\u011fin http:\/\/your_domain.com<\/code>) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isterseniz, dosyalar\u0131 \/var\/www\/html<\/code> veya \/var\/www<\/code> alt\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 buna g\u00f6re ayarlaman\u0131z gerekebilir. \u015eimdilik \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code> konumunda kalal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Moodle Data Dizini Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Moodle, kurs dosyalar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcklemeleri, oturum bilgileri gibi hassas ve ge\u00e7ici verileri depolamak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir veri dizinine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu dizinin web k\u00f6k dizininin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir, b\u00f6ylece do\u011frudan web \u00fczerinden eri\u015filemez.<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dizini \/var\/var\/www\/<\/code> alt\u0131nda olu\u015ftursak da, Apache’nin do\u011frudan eri\u015femeyece\u011fi bir dizin oldu\u011fundan g\u00fcvenlik sorunu yaratmaz. Daha da g\u00fcvenli bir konum tercih edebilirsiniz, \u00f6rne\u011fin \/home\/moodledata<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Dosya ve Dizin \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n
Apache web sunucusunun (genellikle www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r) Moodle dosyalar\u0131na ve veri dizinine okuma ve yazma yetkisi olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/moodle\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki komutlar:
\n*   chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code>: \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code> dizininin ve t\u00fcm alt dizinlerinin\/dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n sahipli\u011fini www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ve www-data<\/code> grubuna atar.
\n*   chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code>: www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na tam yetki (okuma, yazma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma), di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lara ve gruba ise okuma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yetkisi verir.<\/p>\n
moodledata<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in de benzer \u015fekilde sahiplik ayarlamal\u0131y\u0131z, ancak yazma yetkisi daha geni\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/moodledata\nsudo chmod -R 777 \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code><\/pre>\n
chmod -R 777<\/code> ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kurulum i\u00e7in gerekli olabilir, ancak kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra bu izni daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir hale getirmeniz \u00f6nerilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sudo chmod -R 770 \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code> komutuyla www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubuna tam yetki verirken, di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan eri\u015fimi tamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlayabilirsiniz. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in daha iyi bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Apache Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\u00d6nerilen)<\/h3>\n
Moodle’\u0131 do\u011frudan IP adresiniz \u00fczerinden http:\/\/your_vps_ip\/moodle<\/code> olarak kullanmak yerine, \u00f6zel bir etki alan\u0131 ad\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin moodle.yourdomain.com<\/code>) veya ana etki alan\u0131n\u0131z (yourdomain.com<\/code>) \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Apache’de bir sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak daha profesyonel ve y\u00f6netilebilir bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, yeni bir sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/moodle.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin. your_domain_or_vps_ip<\/code> yerine kendi etki alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 veya VPS IP adresinizi yaz\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/moodle\n    ServerName your_domain_or_vps_ip\n    # ServerAlias www.your_domain_or_vps_ip (Opsiyonel: www alt alan ad\u0131n\u0131 da dinlemek i\u00e7in)\n\n    \n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews\n        AllowOverride All\n        Order allow,deny\n        allow from all\n    <\/Directory>\n\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
*   DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code>: Apache’nin bu sanal host i\u00e7in hangi dizinden i\u00e7erik sunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   ServerName your_domain_or_vps_ip<\/code>: Bu sanal host’un hangi etki alan\u0131 veya IP adresi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu belirtir.
\n*   <\/code>: Moodle dizini i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131d\u0131r. AllowOverride All<\/code> Moodle’\u0131n .htaccess<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n
Sanal host’u etkinle\u015ftirin ve varsay\u0131lan siteyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n (e\u011fer Moodle’\u0131n ana site olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z):<\/p>\n
sudo a2ensite moodle.conf\nsudo a2dissite default # Ubuntu 12.04'te genellikle 'default' veya '000-default.conf'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache’nin yeni yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcklemesi i\u00e7in yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer bir etki alan\u0131 ad\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n (A kayd\u0131) VPS’inizin IP adresini g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Moodle Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fc Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcm arka plan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131k. \u015eimdi bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kullanarak Moodle’\u0131n web tabanl\u0131 kurulum sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve VPS’inizin IP adresini veya yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z etki alan\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 girin (\u00f6rne\u011fin http:\/\/your_domain_or_vps_ip<\/code> veya http:\/\/your_domain_or_vps_ip\/moodle<\/code> e\u011fer sanal host kullanmad\u0131ysan\u0131z).<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za Moodle kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 gelecektir:<\/p>\n
1.  Dil Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> Kurulum i\u00e7in tercih etti\u011finiz dili se\u00e7in ve “Sonraki” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2.  Yollar\u0131n Onaylanmas\u0131:<\/strong> Moodle’\u0131n web adresi, Moodle dizini ve veri dizini yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yollar\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   Web adresi:<\/strong> http:\/\/your_domain_or_vps_ip<\/code> veya http:\/\/your_domain_or_vps_ip\/moodle<\/code>
\n    *   Moodle dizini:<\/strong> \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code>
\n    *   Veri dizini:<\/strong> \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code>
\n    Do\u011fruysa “Sonraki” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n3.  Veritaban\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7in (genellikle “MySQL (improved) (mysqli)” \u00f6nerilir). Ard\u0131ndan veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 bilgilerini girin:
\n    *   Veritaban\u0131 hostu:<\/strong> localhost<\/code>
\n    *   Veritaban\u0131 ad\u0131:<\/strong> moodle_db<\/code> (Daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz ad)
\n    *   Veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> moodleuser<\/code> (Daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz kullan\u0131c\u0131)
\n    *   Veritaban\u0131 parolas\u0131:<\/strong> your_secure_password<\/code> (Daha \u00f6nce belirledi\u011finiz parola)
\n    *   Tablo \u00f6n eki:<\/strong> mdl_<\/code> (Varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz)
\n    Bilgileri girdikten sonra “Sonraki” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n4.  Lisans Anla\u015fmas\u0131:<\/strong> Moodle’\u0131n GPL lisans anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 okuyun ve kabul edin, ard\u0131ndan “Devam et” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n5.  Sunucu Gereksinimleri Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Moodle, sunucunuzun gerekli t\u00fcm PHP uzant\u0131lar\u0131na ve ayarlar\u0131na sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edecektir. T\u00fcm \u00f6\u011felerin ye\u015fil renkte “OK” olarak i\u015faretlendi\u011finden emin olun. E\u011fer herhangi bir uyar\u0131 veya hata varsa, ilgili PHP mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcklemeniz veya PHP ayar\u0131n\u0131 php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekebilir. Her \u015fey yolundaysa “Devam et” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n6.  Kurulum:<\/strong> Moodle \u015fimdi veritaban\u0131 tablolar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak ve gerekli bile\u015fenleri kuracakt\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem biraz zaman alabilir. \u0130\u015flem tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “Devam et” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n7.  Y\u00f6netici Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Moodle sitesi i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6netici hesab\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekecektir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, parola, e-posta adresi gibi bilgileri dikkatlice doldurun. Bu hesap, Moodle sitesinin t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim yetkilerine sahip olacakt\u0131r. Parolan\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n8.  Site Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> Moodle sitenizin ad\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131sa ad\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 ve varsay\u0131lan saat dilimini ayarlay\u0131n. Bu ayarlar\u0131 daha sonra Moodle aray\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. “De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydet” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Tebrikler! Moodle kurulumunuz ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamland\u0131. Art\u0131k Moodle sitenizin ana sayfas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirileceksiniz.<\/p>\n
Kurulum Sonras\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik ve Optimizasyonlar<\/h3>\n
Moodle kurulumunu tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, sisteminizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atman\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
moodledata Dizini \u0130zinlerini K\u0131s\u0131tlama<\/h4>\n
Daha \u00f6nce \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code> dizinine 777<\/code> izni vermi\u015ftik. Bu, kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flasa da, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risklidir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bu izni k\u0131s\u0131tlayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo chmod -R 770 \/var\/www\/moodledata<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, moodledata<\/code> dizinine ve i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm dosyalara www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve www-data<\/code> grubu i\u00e7in tam okuma\/yazma\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma izni verirken, di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir eri\u015fimi engeller. Bu, daha g\u00fcvenli bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Moodle Cron Job Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Moodle, belirli arka plan g\u00f6revlerini (e-posta g\u00f6nderme, yedeklemeler, RSS beslemelerini g\u00fcncelleme vb.) d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir cron i\u015fine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu, Moodle’\u0131n admin\/cli\/cron.php<\/code> beti\u011fini belirli aral\u0131klarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir cron i\u015fi olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo crontab -e -u www-data<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u00e7\u0131lan d\u00fczenleyiciye a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\/5 <\/em>  <\/em> * \/usr\/bin\/php \/var\/www\/moodle\/admin\/cli\/cron.php >\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sat\u0131r, Moodle’\u0131n cron beti\u011fini her 5 dakikada bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. \/usr\/bin\/php<\/code> yolu, PHP yorumlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n tam yoludur. Bu yolu which php<\/code> komutuyla teyit edebilirsiniz. >\/dev\/null<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 susturur.<\/p>\n
PHP.ini Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n Optimizasyonu<\/h4>\n
Moodle’\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 i\u015flemesi, uzun s\u00fcren betiklerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 eri\u015fimi gibi durumlar i\u00e7in PHP ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek \u00f6nemlidir. php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek bu ayarlar\u0131 yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/php5\/apache2\/php.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ayarlar\u0131 bularak veya ekleyerek Moodle’\u0131n gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyin (de\u011ferleri kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ayarlayabilirsiniz):<\/p>\n
*   memory_limit = 256M<\/code> (Minimum 128M, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck siteler i\u00e7in 512M veya daha fazlas\u0131)
\n*   upload_max_filesize = 128M<\/code> (Y\u00fcklenebilecek maksimum dosya boyutu)
\n*   post_max_size = 128M<\/code> (POST iste\u011fiyle g\u00f6nderilebilecek maksimum veri boyutu, upload_max_filesize<\/code> de\u011ferinden b\u00fcy\u00fck veya e\u015fit olmal\u0131)
\n*   max_input_vars = 5000<\/code> (Baz\u0131 Moodle formlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekebilir)
\n*   max_execution_time = 300<\/code> (Betiklerin maksimum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi, saniye cinsinden)
\n*   session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440<\/code> (Oturumun maksimum \u00f6mr\u00fc, saniye cinsinden, varsay\u0131lan yeterli olabilir)
\n*   date.timezone = Europe\/Istanbul<\/code> (Sunucunuzun co\u011frafi konumuna g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n, \u00f6rne\u011fin Europe\/London<\/code> veya America\/New_York<\/code>)<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
MySQL Optimizasyonu<\/h4>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Moodle siteleri veya yo\u011fun trafik alan siteler i\u00e7in MySQL performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek \u00f6nemlidir. my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek baz\u0131 ayarlar\u0131 yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n
[mysqld]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ayarlar ekleyebilirsiniz (de\u011ferler sunucunuzun RAM miktar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131m \u015fekline g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r):<\/p>\n
*   innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G<\/code> (InnoDB motoru i\u00e7in belle\u011fin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, RAM’inizin %50-70’i olabilir)
\n*   query_cache_size = 32M<\/code> (S\u0131k tekrar eden sorgular\u0131n \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nmas\u0131)
\n*   max_connections = 200<\/code> (E\u015f zamanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131)<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra MySQL servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service mysql restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (firewall) kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir. Ubuntu’da UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install ufw -y\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirdikten sonra, SSH, HTTP ve HTTPS gibi gerekli ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131na izin vermelisiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow ssh # Port 22\nsudo ufw allow http # Port 80\nsudo ufw allow https # Port 443 (SSL\/TLS i\u00e7in)<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
SSL\/TLS (HTTPS) Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Moodle sitenizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in HTTPS kullanmak kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. HTTPS, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z ve sunucunuz aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ileti\u015fimi \u015fifreler. Ubuntu 12.04 \u00fczerinde Let’s Encrypt (Certbot) kullanmak biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Certbot’un resmi deste\u011fi eski Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Manuel olarak sertifika olu\u015fturup Apache’ye yap\u0131land\u0131rmak veya daha yeni bir Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek daha kolay olabilir. Ancak, genel ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1.  SSL Mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo a2enmod ssl\n    sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Sertifika Alma:<\/strong> \u00dccretsiz bir sertifika sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Let’s Encrypt’ten sertifika almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. Ancak Ubuntu 12.04 i\u00e7in Certbot’un en kolay yolu olmayabilir. Alternatif olarak, manuel olarak sertifika olu\u015fturabilir veya ba\u015fka bir sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131dan sat\u0131n alabilirsiniz.
\n3.  Apache SSL Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong> moodle.conf<\/code> dosyan\u0131z\u0131 kopyalayarak veya yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturarak HTTPS i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/moodle-ssl.conf<\/code>).<\/p>\n
\n    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/moodle\n    ServerName your_domain_or_vps_ip\n\n    SSLEngine on\n    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/your_domain.crt\n    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/ssl\/private\/your_domain.key\n    # SSLCertificateChainFile \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/chain.crt (E\u011fer varsa)\n\n    \n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews\n        AllowOverride All\n        Order allow,deny\n        allow from all\n    <\/Directory>\n\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
SSLCertificateFile<\/code> ve SSLCertificateKeyFile<\/code> yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendi sertifika dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yollar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin.
\n4.  SSL Sanal Host’u Etkinle\u015ftirme ve Apache’yi Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo a2ensite moodle-ssl.conf\n    sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem ve Moodle G\u00fcncellemeleri<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenlik ve performans i\u00e7in i\u015fletim sisteminizi ve Moodle s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncel tutmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
*   Sistem G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Moodle G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> Moodle’\u0131n kendi g\u00fcncelleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 takip ederek (genellikle yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 indirip mevcut Moodle dizininin \u00fczerine yazmak ve ard\u0131ndan web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnden veritaban\u0131 y\u00fckseltmesini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u015feklinde) Moodle s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcncel tutun. G\u00fcncelleme yapmadan \u00f6nce her zaman yedek almay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme (Troubleshooting)<\/h3>\n
Kurulum veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri:<\/p>\n
*   Beyaz Sayfa (White Screen of Death – WSOD):<\/strong> Bu genellikle PHP hatalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda display_errors = On<\/code> ve error_reporting = E_ALL<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak a\u00e7arak hatalar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca Apache hata loglar\u0131n\u0131 (\/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code>) kontrol edin.
\n*   Veritaban\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Moodle’\u0131n config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki veritaban\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 (kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, parola, veritaban\u0131 ad\u0131) kontrol edin. MySQL sunucusunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun (sudo service mysql status<\/code>).
\n*   Dosya \u0130zinleri Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code> ve sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/moodle<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. moodledata<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in de izinleri kontrol edin.
\n*   PHP Mod\u00fclleri Eksikli\u011fi:<\/strong> Moodle kurulum sihirbaz\u0131nda veya phpinfo.php<\/code> sayfas\u0131nda eksik oldu\u011fu belirtilen PHP mod\u00fcllerini sudo apt-get install php5-modul_adi<\/code> komutuyla y\u00fckleyin ve Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.
\n*   Apache Eri\u015fim Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n (UFW) HTTP (80) ve HTTPS (443) portlar\u0131na izin verdi\u011finden emin olun. Apache hata loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n*   Moodle config.php<\/code> Dosyas\u0131:<\/strong> Moodle kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ve moodledata<\/code> dizininde yazma izni oldu\u011funu kontrol edin. E\u011fer Moodle kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturamazsa, size i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6sterir ve manuel olarak olu\u015fturup moodle<\/code> dizinine kopyalaman\u0131z\u0131 ister.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 12.04 i\u015fletim sistemine sahip bir VPS \u00fczerinde LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Moodle’\u0131n ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceledik. Sistem g\u00fcncellemelerinden ba\u015flayarak, Apache, MySQL ve PHP bile\u015fenlerinin kurulumu ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, Moodle i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, Moodle dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n indirilip sunucuya yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve son olarak web aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinden kurulumun tamamlanmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ele ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, kurulum sonras\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ve performans optimizasyonlar\u0131 gibi kritik konulara da de\u011findik. moodledata<\/code> dizini izinlerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, Moodle cron job’\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, PHP ve MySQL ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n optimizasyonu, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurulumu ve SSL\/TLS (HTTPS) ile sitenin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi ad\u0131mlar, Moodle platformunuzun stabil, g\u00fcvenli ve y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Moodle, e\u011fitim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda devrim yaratan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu rehberi takip ederek kendi Moodle platformunuzu ba\u015far\u0131yla kurdunuz ve art\u0131k \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme potansiyelini ke\u015ffetmeye haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Unutmay\u0131n ki dijital platformlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli bak\u0131m\u0131, g\u00fcncellemeler ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri, sorunsuz bir deneyim i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir e-\u00f6\u011frenme yolculu\u011fu dileriz!<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber\nGiri\u015f\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dijital \u00f6\u011frenme platformlar\u0131, e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin vazge","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37318","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber Giri\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dijital \u00f6\u011frenme platformlar\u0131, e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin vazge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-30T16:41:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"22 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-30T16:41:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\"},\"wordCount\":3743,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-ve-lamp-ortaminda-moodle-kurulumu-adim-adim-rehber\/\",\"name\":\"Ubuntu 12.04 ve LAMP Ortam\u0131nda Moodle Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber - 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