Geni\u015fletilebilir Link Sistemi:<\/strong> HTTP, WebSocket, hata y\u00f6netimi, kimlik do\u011frulama gibi farkl\u0131 protokoller ve i\u015flevler i\u00e7in \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir “link”ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunucuyla ileti\u015fim kurar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nApollo Angular<\/h3>\n
Apollo Angular, Apollo Client’\u0131 Angular uygulamalar\u0131na sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde entegre etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f resmi bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanedir. Angular’\u0131n reaktif programlama (RxJS) paradigmas\u0131yla uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve GraphQL i\u015flemlerini Observable’lar olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu sayede, Angular’\u0131n ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik alg\u0131lama mekanizmalar\u0131yla kolayca entegre edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Kurulum ve Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
Angular uygulaman\u0131za Apollo Client ve Apollo Angular’\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin. Bu ad\u0131mlar, Apollo Client 2.x ve subscriptions-transport-ws<\/code> k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u00d6ncelikle gerekli paketleri y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
\nnpm install apollo-angular @apollo\/client graphql-tag graphql subscriptions-transport-ws apollo-link-ws apollo-link-http apollo-link\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBu paketlerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n
\napollo-angular<\/code>: Angular i\u00e7in Apollo Client entegrasyonu.<\/li>\n@apollo\/client<\/code>: Apollo Client’\u0131n ana paketi (eski ad\u0131yla apollo-client<\/code>).<\/li>\ngraphql-tag<\/code>: GraphQL sorgular\u0131n\u0131 JavaScript \u015fablon dizileriyle ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\ngraphql<\/code>: GraphQL’in temel t\u00fcr tan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/li>\nsubscriptions-transport-ws<\/code>: WebSocket \u00fczerinden GraphQL aboneliklerini ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphane. Apollo Client 2.x d\u00f6neminde standartt\u0131.<\/li>\napollo-link-ws<\/code>: subscriptions-transport-ws<\/code> ile Apollo Client aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kuran link.<\/li>\napollo-link-http<\/code>: HTTP \u00fczerinden sorgu ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan link.<\/li>\napollo-link<\/code>: Farkl\u0131 linkleri birle\u015ftirmek ve operasyonlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ana link paketi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nArd\u0131ndan, Angular uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n AppModule<\/code>‘\u00fcnde veya \u00f6zel bir GraphQL mod\u00fcl\u00fcnde Apollo Client’\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma, HTTP ve WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirecektir.<\/p>\n\n\/\/ src\/app\/graphql.module.ts (veya app.module.ts)\nimport { NgModule } from '@angular\/core';\nimport { HttpClientModule } from '@angular\/common\/http';\nimport { ApolloModule, APOLLO_OPTIONS } from 'apollo-angular';\nimport { ApolloClientOptions, InMemoryCache } from '@apollo\/client\/core';\nimport { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http';\nimport { WebSocketLink } from 'apollo-link-ws';\nimport { split } from 'apollo-link';\nimport { getMainDefinition } from '@apollo\/client\/utilities';\n\nconst uri = 'http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql'; \/\/ GraphQL HTTP endpoint\nconst wsUri = 'ws:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql'; \/\/ GraphQL WebSocket endpoint\n\nexport function createApollo(httpLink: HttpLink) {\n \/\/ HTTP Link: Sorgu ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in\n const http = httpLink.create({ uri });\n\n \/\/ WebSocket Link: Abonelikler i\u00e7in\n const ws = new WebSocketLink({\n uri: wsUri,\n options: {\n reconnect: true, \/\/ Ba\u011flant\u0131 kesildi\u011finde otomatik yeniden ba\u011flan\n connectionParams: {\n \/\/ \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131: WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulurken sunucuya g\u00f6nderilecek parametreler (\u00f6rn. kimlik do\u011frulama token\u0131)\n authToken: localStorage.getItem('token'),\n },\n },\n });\n\n \/\/ 'split' fonksiyonu, operasyon t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011fru linki se\u00e7er\n \/\/ Abonelikler i\u00e7in WebSocket linkini, di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in HTTP linkini kullan\u0131r\n const link = split(\n \/\/ \u0130lk parametre: Test fonksiyonu. Operasyon bir abonelik mi?\n ({ query }) => {\n const definition = getMainDefinition(query);\n return (\n definition.kind === 'OperationDefinition' &&\n definition.operation === 'subscription'\n );\n },\n ws, \/\/ Abonelik ise WebSocket linkini kullan\n http \/\/ De\u011filse HTTP linkini kullan\n );\n\n return {\n link: link,\n cache: new InMemoryCache(), \/\/ Verileri \u00f6nbelle\u011fe almak i\u00e7in\n } as ApolloClientOptions;\n}\n\n@NgModule({\n imports: [HttpClientModule, ApolloModule],\n providers: [\n HttpLink,\n {\n provide: APOLLO_OPTIONS,\n useFactory: createApollo,\n deps: [HttpLink],\n },\n ],\n})\nexport class GraphQLModule {}\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBu GraphQLModule<\/code>‘\u00fc, AppModule<\/code>‘\u00fcn\u00fcze import etmeyi unutmay\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\/\/ src\/app\/app.module.ts\nimport { NgModule } from '@angular\/core';\nimport { BrowserModule } from '@angular\/platform-browser';\nimport { AppComponent } from '.\/app.component';\nimport { GraphQLModule } from '.\/graphql.module'; \/\/ GraphQL mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc import edin\n\n@NgModule({\n declarations: [AppComponent],\n imports: [\n BrowserModule,\n GraphQLModule, \/\/ Buraya ekleyin\n ],\n providers: [],\n bootstrap: [AppComponent],\n})\nexport class AppModule {}\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSubscription Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>\n
Yukar\u0131daki yap\u0131land\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde temel olarak de\u011finilmi\u015f olsa da, Subscription ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kuruldu\u011funu ve neden split<\/code> fonksiyonunun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha detayl\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/p>\nWebSocket Link<\/h3>\n
GraphQL Subscriptions, WebSockets \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Apollo Client’\u0131n bir WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netmesi gerekir. Bu, apollo-link-ws<\/code> paketinden gelen WebSocketLink<\/code> ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. WebSocketLink<\/code>, subscriptions-transport-ws<\/code> k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini temel al\u0131r ve bir WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\nimport { WebSocketLink } from 'apollo-link-ws';\n\nconst ws = new WebSocketLink({\n uri: 'ws:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql', \/\/ WebSocket endpoint'inizin adresi\n options: {\n reconnect: true, \/\/ Ba\u011flant\u0131 koptu\u011funda otomatik yeniden ba\u011flanmay\u0131 dener\n timeout: 30000, \/\/ Yeniden ba\u011flant\u0131 denemeleri aras\u0131ndaki maksimum bekleme s\u00fcresi\n connectionParams: {\n \/\/ WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulurken sunucuya g\u00f6nderilecek parametreler\n \/\/ Genellikle kimlik do\u011frulama tokenlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 verileri buraya konulur.\n authToken: localStorage.getItem('token'),\n },\n },\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\noptions<\/code> i\u00e7indeki reconnect: true<\/code> ayar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, a\u011f kesintileri veya sunucu yeniden ba\u015flatmalar\u0131 durumunda istemcinin otomatik olarak WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, bu da uygulaman\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\nApollo Client’\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma: Split Fonksiyonu<\/h3>\n
Bir GraphQL API genellikle hem HTTP (sorgu ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in) hem de WebSocket (abonelikler i\u00e7in) protokollerini kullan\u0131r. Apollo Client’\u0131n do\u011fru operasyon t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in do\u011fru ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in apollo-link<\/code> paketinden split<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\nsplit<\/code> fonksiyonu \u00fc\u00e7 arg\u00fcman al\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n- Test Fonksiyonu:<\/strong> Gelen GraphQL operasyonunun bir abonelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden bir fonksiyondur. Bu fonksiyon, operasyonun
kind<\/code> ve operation<\/code> \u00f6zelliklerini kontrol ederek karar verir. getMainDefinition<\/code> yard\u0131mc\u0131 fonksiyonu, bir GraphQL d\u00f6k\u00fcman\u0131ndaki ana operasyon tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayca alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n- True Durumu Linki:<\/strong> Test fonksiyonu
true<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrse kullan\u0131lacak link (yani WebSocket linki).<\/li>\n- False Durumu Linki:<\/strong> Test fonksiyonu
false<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrse kullan\u0131lacak link (yani HTTP linki).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\nimport { split } from 'apollo-link';\nimport { getMainDefinition } from '@apollo\/client\/utilities'; \/\/ Veya 'apollo-utilities' eski versiyonlarda\n\nconst link = split(\n ({ query }) => {\n const definition = getMainDefinition(query);\n return (\n definition.kind === 'OperationDefinition' &&\n definition.operation === 'subscription'\n );\n },\n ws, \/\/ Abonelik ise WebSocket linkini kullan\n http \/\/ De\u011filse HTTP linkini kullan\n);\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBu yap\u0131land\u0131rma sayesinde, Apollo Client otomatik olarak do\u011fru protokol\u00fc kullanarak GraphQL operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 sunucuya g\u00f6nderir. Bu, geli\u015ftiricinin her operasyon i\u00e7in hangi protokol\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak belirtme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve kodun temizli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Angular Uygulamas\u0131nda Subscription Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n
Apollo Client yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Angular bile\u015fenlerinizde GraphQL aboneliklerini kullanmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
GraphQL \u015eemas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Sunucu taraf\u0131nda bir GraphQL aboneli\u011fi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yeni bir yorum eklendi\u011finde bildirim almak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir \u015fema tan\u0131m\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n
\ntype Comment {\n id: ID!\n content: String!\n author: String!\n}\n\ntype Subscription {\n newCommentAdded: Comment!\n commentCountUpdated: Int!\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBu \u015femada, newCommentAdded<\/code> aboneli\u011fi, her yeni yorum eklendi\u011finde bir Comment<\/code> nesnesini istemciye g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/p>\nAngular Bile\u015feninde Subscription Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Bir Angular bile\u015feninde abonelik kullanmak i\u00e7in, Apollo<\/code> servisini enjekte etmeniz ve apollo.subscribe()<\/code> metodunu kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\/\/ src\/app\/comment-list\/comment-list.component.ts\nimport { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy } from '@angular\/core';\nimport { Apollo, gql } from 'apollo-angular';\nimport { Subscription } from 'rxjs';\n\ninterface Comment {\n id: string;\n content: string;\n author: string;\n}\n\ninterface NewCommentAddedSubscription {\n newCommentAdded: Comment;\n}\n\n@Component({\n selector: 'app-comment-list',\n templateUrl: '.\/comment-list.component.html',\n styleUrls: ['.\/comment-list.component.css'],\n})\nexport class CommentListComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {\n comments: Comment[] = [];\n private commentsSubscription: Subscription;\n\n constructor(private apollo: Apollo) {}\n\n ngOnInit() {\n \/\/ Mevcut yorumlar\u0131 y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in bir sorgu da ekleyebilirsiniz\n this.apollo\n .query<{ comments: Comment[] }>({\n query: gql\n query GetComments {\n comments {\n id\n content\n author\n }\n }\n <\/code>,\n })\n .subscribe(({ data }) => {\n this.comments = data.comments;\n });\n\n \/\/ Yeni yorumlar i\u00e7in abonelik ba\u015flatma\n const NEW_COMMENT_ADDED_SUBSCRIPTION = gql\n subscription NewCommentAdded {\n newCommentAdded {\n id\n content\n author\n }\n }\n <\/code>;\n\n this.commentsSubscription = this.apollo\n .subscribe({\n query: NEW_COMMENT_ADDED_SUBSCRIPTION,\n })\n .subscribe({\n next: ({ data }) => {\n if (data && data.newCommentAdded) {\n this.comments = [...this.comments, data.newCommentAdded];\n console.log('Yeni yorum eklendi:', data.newCommentAdded);\n }\n },\n error: (error) => {\n console.error('Abonelik hatas\u0131:', error);\n },\n complete: () => {\n console.log('Abonelik tamamland\u0131 (genellikle hi\u00e7 olmaz).');\n },\n });\n }\n\n ngOnDestroy() {\n \/\/ Bellek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in aboneli\u011fi sonland\u0131r\u0131n\n if (this.commentsSubscription) {\n this.commentsSubscription.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\nGer\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Veri G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h3>\n
Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, apollo.subscribe()<\/code> metodundan d\u00f6nen Observable’a abone olduk. next<\/code> callback fonksiyonu, sunucudan her yeni veri geldi\u011finde tetiklenir. Bu callback i\u00e7inde, gelen yeni yorumu mevcut yorumlar dizisine ekleyerek kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcncelliyoruz.<\/p>\n\u0130lgili HTML \u015fablonu (comment-list.component.html<\/code>) \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir:<\/p>\n\nYorumlar<\/h3>\n\n - \n {{ comment.author }}<\/strong>: {{ comment.content }}\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu kurulumla, sunucuda yeni bir yorum eklendi\u011finde (bir mutation tetiklendi\u011finde ve sunucu taraf\u0131nda subscription olay\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda), Angular uygulaman\u0131z an\u0131nda bu yeni yorumu alacak ve listeye ekleyecektir, herhangi bir sayfa yenilemeye veya manuel veri \u00e7ekmeye gerek kalmadan.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Konular ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h2>\n
GraphQL Subscriptions’\u0131 Angular uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131zda kullan\u0131rken dikkate alman\u0131z gereken baz\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f konular ve en iyi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi ve Hata Yakalama<\/h3>\n
WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 karars\u0131z olabilir. A\u011f kesintileri, sunucu sorunlar\u0131 veya istemcinin \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi durumlar ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n kopmas\u0131na neden olabilir. WebSocketLink<\/code>‘in options<\/code> i\u00e7indeki reconnect: true<\/code> ayar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda otomatik yeniden ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ancak, daha karma\u015f\u0131k hata senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in apollo.subscribe()<\/code> metodunun error<\/code> callback’ini kullanabilirsiniz. Bu callback, abonelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan hatalar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, sunucu taraf\u0131nda bir hata) yakalaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\nAyr\u0131ca, Apollo Client’\u0131n onError<\/code> linkini kullanarak genel hata y\u00f6netimi stratejileri olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Bu link, hem HTTP hem de WebSocket operasyonlar\u0131ndaki hatalar\u0131 merkezi bir yerden yakalamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\nimport { onError } from 'apollo-link-error';\n\nconst errorLink = onError(({ graphQLErrors, networkError }) => {\n if (graphQLErrors) {\n graphQLErrors.forEach(({ message, locations, path }) =>\n console.log(\n [GraphQL Hata]: Mesaj: ${message}, Konum: ${locations}, Yol: ${path}<\/code>\n )\n );\n }\n if (networkError) console.log([A\u011f Hatas\u0131]: ${networkError}<\/code>);\n});\n\n\/\/ Link zincirine errorLink'i ekleyin\nconst link = split(\n \/\/ ... test fonksiyonu ...\n ws,\n http\n);\n\/\/ errorLink'i en ba\u015fa ekleyerek t\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 yakalayabiliriz\nconst finalLink = errorLink.concat(link);\n\/\/ ApolloClientOptions'a finalLink'i verin\n<\/code><\/pre>\nKimlik Do\u011frulama (Authentication)<\/h3>\n
Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulamalarda genellikle kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 gerekir. WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulurken kimlik do\u011frulama token\u0131n\u0131 sunucuya g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in WebSocketLink<\/code>‘in connectionParams<\/code> \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\nconst ws = new WebSocketLink({\n uri: wsUri,\n options: {\n reconnect: true,\n connectionParams: () => { \/\/ Dinamik olarak token almak i\u00e7in bir fonksiyon kullan\u0131n\n return {\n authToken: localStorage.getItem('token'), \/\/ Token'\u0131 localStorage'dan al\u0131n\n };\n },\n },\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSunucu taraf\u0131nda, WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulurken bu connectionParams<\/code>‘\u0131 al\u0131p kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fini do\u011frulaman\u0131z ve yaln\u0131zca yetkili kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n abonelikleri ba\u015flatmas\u0131na izin vermeniz gerekir.<\/p>\nVeri Y\u00f6netimi ve \u00d6nbellekleme<\/h3>\n
Apollo Client’\u0131n InMemoryCache<\/code>‘i, sorgu ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131r. Aboneliklerden gelen veriler de genellikle bu \u00f6nbelle\u011fi etkiler. E\u011fer bir abonelik, mevcut bir verinin g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f halini getiriyorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n durumunun de\u011fi\u015fmesi), Apollo Cache bunu otomatik olarak g\u00fcncelleyebilir. Ancak, abonelik yeni bir \u00f6\u011fe ekliyorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin, yeni bir yorum), bu \u00f6\u011feyi mevcut bir listeye eklemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nbelle\u011fi manuel olarak g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\nBunu yapmak i\u00e7in apollo.subscribe()<\/code> i\u00e7indeki update<\/code> callback’ini kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman, Angular bile\u015feninde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi do\u011frudan bile\u015fenin veri dizisini g\u00fcncellemek yeterli ve daha basittir.<\/p>\nPerformans ve \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/h3>\n
Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulamalar, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u015fzamanl\u0131 abone oldu\u011funda, sunucu taraf\u0131nda performans zorluklar\u0131 yaratabilir. Sunucu taraf\u0131nda abonelikleri \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
\n- Pub\/Sub (Yay\u0131nla\/Abone Ol) Mekanizmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Redis Pub\/Sub veya Apache Kafka gibi mesaj kuyruklar\u0131 kullanarak olaylar\u0131 farkl\u0131 sunucu \u00f6rnekleri aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131tabilirsiniz. GraphQL sunucunuz, bir olay\u0131 bu mesaj kuyru\u011funa yay\u0131nlar ve t\u00fcm ilgili abonelik sunucular\u0131 bu olaylar\u0131 dinleyerek istemcilere iletir.<\/li>\n
- Verimli WebSocket Sunucular\u0131:<\/strong> Node.js tabanl\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in
ws<\/code> veya socket.io<\/code> gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, binlerce e\u015fzamanl\u0131 WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilir.<\/li>\n- Verimli Veritaban\u0131 \u0130zleme:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in verimli mekanizmalar kullan\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, PostgreSQL’deki
LISTEN\/NOTIFY<\/code> veya MongoDB’deki Change Streams).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0130stemci taraf\u0131nda ise, gereksiz aboneliklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve bile\u015fenler yok edildi\u011finde abonelikleri d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde sonland\u0131rmak (unsubscribe()<\/code>) \u00f6nemlidir. Aksi takdirde, bellek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve gereksiz a\u011f trafi\u011fi olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\u00d6rnek Senaryolar<\/h2>\n
GraphQL Subscriptions’\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n senaryolar:<\/p>\n
\n- Sohbet Uygulamas\u0131:<\/strong> Yeni mesajlar\u0131n an\u0131nda t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara iletilmesi.<\/li>\n
- Canl\u0131 Bildirimler:<\/strong> Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir takip\u00e7i, be\u011feni veya yorum ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda an\u0131nda bildirim almas\u0131.<\/li>\n
- Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Analitik Panolar\u0131:<\/strong> Veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin veya metriklerin an\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenmesi.<\/li>\n
- Oyun Durumu G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> \u00c7ok oyunculu oyunlarda oyuncu pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n veya oyun durumu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin an\u0131nda senkronize edilmesi.<\/li>\n
- Finansal Piyasalar:<\/strong> Hisse senedi fiyatlar\u0131 veya kripto para birimi kurlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcncellenmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bu senaryolar, aboneliklerin kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini nas\u0131l zenginle\u015ftirebilece\u011fini ve uygulamalar\u0131n daha dinamik hale gelmesini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
GraphQL Subscriptions, modern web uygulamalar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve zarif bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Geleneksel HTTP tabanl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak, istemcilerin sunucudaki olaylara abone olmas\u0131na ve bu olaylar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde an\u0131nda g\u00fcncel veriyi almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Angular ve Apollo Client 2.0 (veya ilgili s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri) ile GraphQL Subscriptions’\u0131 entegre etmek, apollo-angular<\/code>, apollo-link-ws<\/code> ve subscriptions-transport-ws<\/code> gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler sayesinde olduk\u00e7a basittir. split<\/code> fonksiyonu, HTTP ve WebSocket ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirerek geli\u015ftiricilerin operasyon t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011fru protokol\u00fc kullanma karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131r.<\/p>\nBu makalede sunulan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 takip ederek, Angular uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131za ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 yetenekler ekleyebilir, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirebilir ve daha etkile\u015fimli, dinamik uygulamalar olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, modern web geli\u015ftirmenin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir ve GraphQL Subscriptions bu alanda lider \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden biridir.<\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"GraphQL Subscriptions in Angular using Apollo 2.0: Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Uygulamalar \u0130\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber\nModern web uygulamalar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1488],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37316","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-angular","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
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