{"id":36977,"date":"2025-12-25T18:40:43","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T15:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36977"},"modified":"2025-12-25T18:40:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T15:40:43","slug":"ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu’da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu’da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Linux tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri, \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir ve bu yap\u0131, sistemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve i\u015flevselli\u011fi i\u00e7in temel bir unsurdur. Ubuntu da bu prensiplere s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir Linux sisteminde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle iki ana kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: etkile\u015fimli oturum a\u00e7abilen, belirli g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren “normal kullan\u0131c\u0131lar” ve sistemin arka plan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servisler, uygulamalar veya di\u011fer sistem bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f “sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131”. Bu teknik makalede, Ubuntu’da sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyece\u011finizi, neden \u00f6nemli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sisteminizdeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Sistem y\u00f6netimi, g\u00fcvenlik denetimi veya sorun giderme amac\u0131yla olsun, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamak ve izlemek, her Linux y\u00f6neticisi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir beceridir.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Neden Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n

Linux i\u015fletim sistemlerinde, her s\u00fcre\u00e7 belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik modelinin temelini olu\u015fturur. Bir web sunucusu (\u00f6rne\u011fin Apache veya Nginx), bir veritaban\u0131 sunucusu (PostgreSQL, MySQL) veya bir posta sunucusu (Postfix) gibi kritik servisler, genellikle root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yerine daha az yetkiye sahip \u00f6zel sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, olas\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi durumunda, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n elde edece\u011fi yetkileri minimumda tutmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir web sunucusu ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n eri\u015fimi sadece www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izinleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131r ve t\u00fcm sistemin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi engellenir.<\/p>\n

Sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, genellikle interaktif bir kabuk oturumu a\u00e7ma yetene\u011fine sahip de\u011fildirler ve kendilerine ait bir ev dizinleri bulunmaz. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131, belirli sistem servisleri i\u00e7in kimlik sa\u011flamak ve bu servislerin dosya sistemindeki belirli kaynaklara eri\u015fimini kontrol etmektir. Bu makale boyunca, bu t\u00fcr kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 nas\u0131l listeleyece\u011finizi, \u00f6zelliklerini nas\u0131l yorumlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nelere dikkat etmeniz gerekti\u011fini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Temel Kavramlar: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Hesaplar\u0131, Gruplar ve Kimlikler<\/h3>\n

Linux’ta her kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup bir say\u0131sal kimli\u011fe sahiptir. Bu kimlikler, dosya sistemi izinlerini ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 sahipli\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Kimlikleri (UID) ve Grup Kimlikleri (GID)<\/h4>\n

* UID (User ID)<\/strong>: Her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n benzersiz bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimli\u011fi vard\u0131r. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 her zaman UID 0’a sahiptir ve sistemdeki en y\u00fcksek yetkiye sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* GID (Group ID)<\/strong>: Her grubun benzersiz bir grup kimli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Her kullan\u0131c\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda birincil bir gruba atan\u0131r ve birden fazla ikincil gruba \u00fcye olabilir.<\/p>\n

Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda UID aral\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir, ancak genel olarak \u015fu standartlar ge\u00e7erlidir:<\/p>\n

* UID 0<\/strong>: root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.
\n* UID 1-999<\/strong>: Genellikle sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve servis hesaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu aral\u0131k, sistemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan ve do\u011frudan insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmayan hesaplar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, daemon<\/code>, bin<\/code>, sys<\/code>, nobody<\/code>, www-data<\/code>, postfix<\/code>, mysql<\/code> gibi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar bu aral\u0131kta yer al\u0131r.
\n* UID 1000 ve \u00fczeri<\/strong>: Genellikle normal, interaktif kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ubuntu’da varsay\u0131lan olarak ilk olu\u015fturulan kullan\u0131c\u0131ya 1000 UID’si atan\u0131r ve sonraki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in bu say\u0131 artarak devam eder.<\/p>\n

Bu UID aral\u0131klar\u0131, \/etc\/login.defs<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki SYS_UID_MIN<\/code>, SYS_UID_MAX<\/code>, UID_MIN<\/code>, UID_MAX<\/code> gibi parametrelerle yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Kabuk (Shell) ve Giri\u015f (Login) Yetene\u011fi<\/h4>\n

Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kabuk t\u00fcr\u00fc, o kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sistemde etkile\u015fimli bir oturum a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n

* \/bin\/bash<\/code>, \/bin\/sh<\/code>, \/bin\/zsh<\/code> gibi kabuklar, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n komut sat\u0131r\u0131na eri\u015fmesine ve komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Bu kabuklar genellikle normal kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in atan\u0131r.
\n* \/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code> veya \/bin\/false<\/code> gibi kabuklar, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sisteme giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Bu, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in standart bir uygulamad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu hesaplar\u0131n amac\u0131 etkile\u015fimli oturumlar a\u00e7mak de\u011fil, arka plan servislerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabu\u011funun \/bin\/bash<\/code> olarak ayarlanmas\u0131 ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve Grup Bilgilerini Saklayan Dosyalar<\/h4>\n

Linux sistemlerinde kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup bilgileri genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 ana dosyada saklan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/strong>: T\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n temel bilgilerini i\u00e7erir. Her sat\u0131r bir kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 temsil eder ve yedi alan i\u00e7erir: kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, \u015fifre placeholder’\u0131 (x), UID, GID, yorum\/a\u00e7\u0131klama, ev dizini ve kabuk.
\n \/etc\/shadow<\/code><\/strong>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 \u015fifrelerinin \u015fifrelenmi\u015f hallerini ve \u015fifre politikalar\u0131n\u0131 (son de\u011fi\u015ftirme tarihi, ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresi vb.) saklar. Bu dosya sadece root taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir. Sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle bir \u015fifreye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu dosyada <\/em><\/code> veya !<\/code> gibi \u00f6zel karakterler ile i\u015faretlenirler.
\n* \/etc\/group<\/code><\/strong>: T\u00fcm gruplar\u0131n bilgilerini i\u00e7erir. Her sat\u0131r bir grubu temsil eder ve d\u00f6rt alan i\u00e7erir: grup ad\u0131, \u015fifre placeholder’\u0131 (x), GID ve gruba dahil olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n listesi.<\/p>\n

Bu dosyalar\u0131 do\u011frudan okuyarak veya bu dosyalar\u0131 temel alan komutlar\u0131 kullanarak sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemenin Yollar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli komutlar ve y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur. Her bir y\u00f6ntem, farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 sunar ve belirli durumlarda daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

1. \/etc\/passwd<\/code> Dosyas\u0131 ile G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/h4>\n

\/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131, t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n temel bilgilerini i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmenin en do\u011frudan yoludur.<\/p>\n

Dosya Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>
\nHer sat\u0131r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki formatta yedi alan i\u00e7erir:
\nkullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131:\u015fifre_placeholder:UID:GID:yorum:ev_dizini:kabuk<\/code><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Listeleme:<\/strong>
\nDosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in cat<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, sistemdeki t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, hem normal hem de sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 listeler. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun olabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in less<\/code> veya more<\/code> ile sayfa sayfa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek daha pratik olabilir:<\/p>\n
cat \/etc\/passwd | less<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Filtreleme (UID’ye G\u00f6re):<\/strong>
\nSistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle UID’si 1000’den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlard\u0131r. Bu bilgiye dayanarak awk<\/code> komutu ile filtreleme yapabiliriz:<\/p>\n
awk -F: '$3 < 1000 {print $1, $3, $7}' \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   awk -F:<\/code>: Alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak iki nokta \u00fcst \u00fcste (:<\/code>) kullan\u0131r.
\n*   $3 < 1000<\/code>: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alan (UID) 1000'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse.
\n*   {print $1, $3, $7}<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 (1. alan), UID'yi (3. alan) ve kabu\u011fu (7. alan) yazd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu komut, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131, UID'lerini ve kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde listeler.<\/p>\n
Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Filtreleme (Kabuk Tipine G\u00f6re):<\/strong>
\nSistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle \/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code> veya \/bin\/false<\/code> gibi bir kabu\u011fa sahiptir. grep<\/code> komutunu kullanarak bu kabuklara sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 filtreleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n
grep -E '\/(nologin|false)$' \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   grep -E<\/code>: Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f d\u00fczenli ifadeleri kullan\u0131r.
\n*   '\/(nologin|false)$'<\/code>: Sat\u0131r\u0131n sonunda \/nologin<\/code> veya \/false<\/code> ile bitenleri arar.<\/p>\n
Bu komut, etkile\u015fimli oturum a\u00e7ma yetene\u011fi olmayan t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listeler. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131dan sadece kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 almak isterseniz cut<\/code> komutunu ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
grep -E '\/(nologin|false)$' \/etc\/passwd | cut -d: -f1<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Filtreleme (Hem UID hem de Kabuk Tipine G\u00f6re):<\/strong>
\nDaha kesin bir liste i\u00e7in her iki kriteri de birle\u015ftirebiliriz:<\/p>\n
awk -F: '($3 < 1000) && ($7 == \"\/usr\/sbin\/nologin\" || $7 == \"\/bin\/false\") {print $1, $3, $7}' \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, UID'si 1000'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda nologin<\/code> veya false<\/code> kabu\u011funa sahip olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listeler.<\/p>\n
2. getent<\/code> Komutu ile G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/h4>\n
getent<\/code> (get entries) komutu, Name Service Switch (NSS) k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini kullanarak \u00e7e\u015fitli veritabanlar\u0131ndan (passwd, group, hosts vb.) bilgi al\u0131r. Bu, \/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra LDAP veya NIS gibi di\u011fer kimlik do\u011frulama kaynaklar\u0131ndan da bilgi alabilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Listeleme:<\/strong>
\ngetent<\/code> ile t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listelemek \/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 okumakla benzerdir:<\/p>\n
getent passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Filtreleme:<\/strong>
\ngetent<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da awk<\/code> veya grep<\/code> ile filtreleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n
getent passwd | awk -F: '$3 < 1000 {print $1, $3, $7}'<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya kabuk tipine g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
getent passwd | grep -E '\/(nologin|false)$' | cut -d: -f1<\/code><\/pre>\n
getent<\/code> komutu, \u00f6zellikle sisteminizde birden fazla kimlik do\u011frulama kayna\u011f\u0131 varsa, \/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan okumaktan daha kapsaml\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
3. ps<\/code> Komutu ile \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan S\u00fcre\u00e7lerin Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/h4>\n
ps<\/code> komutu, sistemde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ba\u015flatan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu, hangi sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu anda bir veya daha fazla servis \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in dolayl\u0131 ama \u00e7ok etkili bir yoldur.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm S\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve Sahiplerini Listeleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
ps aux<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini (a), terminali olmayan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri (u) ve di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini (x) g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n ilk s\u00fctunu, s\u00fcreci \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Sadece Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na Ait S\u00fcre\u00e7leri Filtreleme:<\/strong>
\n\u00d6nceki y\u00f6ntemlerle sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir listesini elde ettikten sonra, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri grep<\/code> ile filtreleyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ps aux | grep www-data<\/code><\/pre>\n
Daha genel olarak, UID'si 1000'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bulmak i\u00e7in ps<\/code> komutunun -o<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile kullan\u0131c\u0131 UID'sini de g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n
ps -eo user,uid,pid,cmd | awk '$2 < 1000 {print $1, $2, $3, $4}'<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   ps -eo user,uid,pid,cmd<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131, UID'yi, PID'yi ve komutu g\u00f6sterir.
\n*   awk '$2 < 1000'<\/code>: \u0130kinci alan (UID) 1000'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 filtreler.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, sisteminizde hangi servislerin hangi sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in harikad\u0131r. Bilmedi\u011finiz bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, bu bir g\u00fcvenlik sorununa i\u015faret edebilir.<\/p>\n
4. find<\/code> Komutu ile Dosya Sahipliklerini \u0130nceleme<\/h4>\n
find<\/code> komutu, dosya sisteminde belirli kriterlere uyan dosyalar\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, dolayl\u0131 yoldan sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu veya sahip oldu\u011fu dosyalar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6zellikle, belirli bir UID'ye sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu dosyalar\u0131 veya sahibi olmayan (potansiyel olarak sorunlu) dosyalar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Root'a Ait Dosyalar\u0131 Bulma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
find \/ -uid 0 -print 2>\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   find \/<\/code>: K\u00f6k dizininden ba\u015flayarak arama yapar.
\n*   -uid 0<\/code>: UID'si 0 olan (root) dosyalara bakar.
\n*   2>\/dev\/null<\/code>: Hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 gizler (eri\u015fim izinleri nedeniyle olu\u015fan hatalar gibi).<\/p>\n
Belirli Bir Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na Ait Dosyalar\u0131 Bulma:<\/strong>
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu dosyalar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
find \/ -user www-data -print 2>\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri listeler. Bu, bir web sunucusunun hangi dizinlere eri\u015febildi\u011fini veya hangi dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Sahibi Olmayan Dosyalar\u0131 Bulma (nouser\/nogroup):<\/strong>
\nBazen, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131 silindi\u011finde, o kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu dosyalar sistemde kal\u0131r ancak art\u0131k ge\u00e7erli bir sahibi yoktur. Bu dosyalar potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik riskleri veya gereksiz dosya kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
find \/ -nouser -o -nogroup -print 2>\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   -nouser<\/code>: Ge\u00e7erli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmayan dosyalar\u0131 arar.
\n*   -nogroup<\/code>: Ge\u00e7erli bir grubu olmayan dosyalar\u0131 arar.
\n*   -o<\/code>: VEYA (or) operat\u00f6r\u00fc, yani ya kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ya da grubu olmayan dosyalar\u0131 bulur.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, sistemdeki \"sahipsiz\" dosyalar\u0131 tespit ederek temizlik veya g\u00fcvenlik denetimi yapman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
5. id<\/code> Komutu ile Tek Bir Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n Bilgilerini G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/h4>\n
id<\/code> komutu, belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n UID, GID ve grup \u00fcyeliklerini h\u0131zl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
id <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
id www-data<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olabilir: uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)<\/code>
\nBu komut, belirli bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kimlik bilgilerini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama ve Y\u00f6netme \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemenin \u00f6tesinde, onlar\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamak ve y\u00f6netmek de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
UID Aral\u0131klar\u0131 ve \/etc\/login.defs<\/code><\/h4>\n
Yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi gibi, UID aral\u0131klar\u0131 sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in temel bir kriterdir. Bu aral\u0131klar \/etc\/login.defs<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlan\u0131r:<\/p>\n
cat \/etc\/login.defs | grep -E \"UID_MIN|UID_MAX|SYS_UID_MIN|SYS_UID_MAX\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosya, yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturulurken varsay\u0131lan UID aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Ubuntu'da genellikle:
\n*   SYS_UID_MIN<\/code> 100
\n*   SYS_UID_MAX<\/code> 999
\n*   UID_MIN<\/code> 1000
\n*   UID_MAX<\/code> 60000
\n\u015feklinde de\u011ferler bulunur. Bu de\u011ferler, sistem y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir, bu nedenle kendi sisteminizdeki de\u011ferleri kontrol etmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Kabuk T\u00fcrleri ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/h4>\n
Bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabu\u011funun \/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code> veya \/bin\/false<\/code> olmas\u0131, onun interaktif oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Bu, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan ve g\u00fcvenli bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmad\u0131r. E\u011fer bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabu\u011funun \/bin\/bash<\/code> veya \/bin\/sh<\/code> olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, bu potansiyel bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edebilir ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu durumu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in usermod<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo usermod -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin <\/code><\/pre>\n
UYARI:<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapmadan \u00f6nce kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 servisleri tam olarak anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik, sistem servislerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n
Ev Dizini ve Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Normal kullan\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle \/home\/kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131<\/code> \u015feklinde bir ev dizinine sahipken, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ev dizinleri genellikle \/<\/code> (root dizini), \/var\/empty<\/code>, \/nonexistent<\/code> veya \/dev\/null<\/code> gibi yerlere ayarlan\u0131r. Bu, onlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel dosya depolamas\u0131na veya etkile\u015fimli oturum a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131nda kullanacaklar\u0131 bir alana ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Perspektifi ve \u015e\u00fcpheli Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar<\/h4>\n
*   Bilinmeyen Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>: Sisteminizde bilmedi\u011finiz veya a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, bunun ne ama\u00e7la olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, bir uygulaman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gibi, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir hesap da olabilir.
\n   Parola Durumu<\/strong>: Sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle bir parolaya sahip de\u011fildirler. \/etc\/shadow<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n parola alan\u0131nda <\/em><\/code> veya !<\/code> gibi karakterler bulunur. E\u011fer bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli bir parola hash'ine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, bu da bir g\u00fcvenlik riskidir ve derhal incelenmelidir.
\n*   Yetki Y\u00fckseltme<\/strong>: Bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetkileri genellikle belirli bir servis i\u00e7in minimum d\u00fczeyde tutulur. E\u011fer bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n beklenenden daha fazla dosya veya dizin \u00fczerinde yazma izni oldu\u011funu fark ederseniz, bu da bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Pratik Senaryolar ve \u00d6rnekler<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdiye kadar \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizi birle\u015ftirerek baz\u0131 pratik senaryolar \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 1: T\u00fcm Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131, UID ve Kabuk Bilgileriyle Listeleme<\/strong>
\nBu, sistemdeki t\u00fcm sistem hesaplar\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131ca genel bir bak\u0131\u015f atmak i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir:<\/p>\n
awk -F: '($3 >= 1 && $3 < 1000) {print \"Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131: \" $1 \", UID: \" $3 \", Kabuk: \" $7}' \/etc\/passwd | column -t<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, 1 ile 999 aras\u0131ndaki UID'ye sahip t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listeler ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 daha okunur hale getirir.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 2: Sadece nologin<\/code> veya false<\/code> Kabu\u011funa Sahip Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Listeleme<\/strong>
\nBu, etkile\u015fimli oturum a\u00e7ma yetene\u011fi olmayan t\u00fcm hesaplar\u0131 g\u00f6rmenizi sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n
grep -E '\/(nologin|false)$' \/etc\/passwd | cut -d: -f1,3,7 --output-delimiter=$'\\t'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, UID ve kabuk bilgilerini sekmelerle ay\u0131rarak listeler.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 3: Belirli Bir Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Sahip Oldu\u011fu S\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve \u0130lgili Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Bilgilerini G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/strong>
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, mysql<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ps -eo user,uid,pid,cmd --sort=user | grep -E \"^mysql\\s\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada grep -E \"^mysql\\s\"<\/code> ifadesi, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \"mysql\" ve ard\u0131ndan bo\u015fluk olan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 arar, b\u00f6ylece mysql<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yakalar\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 4: Yeni Bir Uygulama Kurulumundan Sonra Olu\u015fan Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/strong>
\nYeni bir uygulama kurduktan sonra, genellikle bu uygulama i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in, kurulumdan hemen sonra \/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilir veya son de\u011fi\u015ftirilen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in daha karma\u015f\u0131k log analizi y\u00f6ntemleri kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak basit\u00e7e, yukar\u0131daki filtreleme y\u00f6ntemlerini kullanarak yeni eklenen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck UID'li kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 arayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Yayg\u0131n Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong>
\n*   root<\/code> (UID 0)<\/strong>: S\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcm sistem \u00fczerinde tam yetkiye sahip.
\n*   daemon<\/code> (UID 1)<\/strong>: \u00c7e\u015fitli arka plan servislerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kullan\u0131c\u0131.
\n*   bin<\/code> (UID 2)<\/strong>: Sistem ikili dosyalar\u0131na (binaries) ait s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u00e7in.
\n*   sys<\/code> (UID 3)<\/strong>: Sistem dosyalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7in.
\n*   adm<\/code> (UID 4)<\/strong>: Y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7in, genellikle log dosyalar\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flar.
\n*   lp<\/code> (UID 7)<\/strong>: Yaz\u0131c\u0131 (line printer) servisleri i\u00e7in.
\n*   mail<\/code> (UID 8)<\/strong>: Posta sunucusu servisleri i\u00e7in.
\n*   www-data<\/code> (UID 33)<\/strong>: Web sunucular\u0131 (Apache, Nginx) taraf\u0131ndan web dosyalar\u0131na eri\u015fmek ve servisleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   postfix<\/code> (UID 100-199 aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir)<\/strong>: Postfix posta sunucusu i\u00e7in.
\n*   mysql<\/code> (UID 100-199 aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir)<\/strong>: MySQL\/MariaDB veritaban\u0131 sunucusu i\u00e7in.
\n*   nobody<\/code> (UID 65534)<\/strong>: Anonim veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yetkili i\u015flemler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle NFS gibi servisler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n her birinin belirli bir rol\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yetkileri vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mak, sisteminizin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu'da Linux sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek, sistem y\u00f6netimi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makalede ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \/etc\/passwd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 okuma, getent<\/code>, ps<\/code>, find<\/code> ve id<\/code> gibi komutlar\u0131 kullanma y\u00f6ntemleri, sisteminizdeki her bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fini, amac\u0131n\u0131 ve potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik etkilerini anlaman\u0131z i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar sunar. UID aral\u0131klar\u0131, kabuk tipleri ve ev dizini yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 anlamak, normal kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131 ile sistem servis hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rman\u0131za ve olas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik zafiyetlerini tespit etmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki her sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni vard\u0131r ve genellikle kritik bir sistem servisini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakla g\u00f6revlidir. Bilinmeyen veya \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 buldu\u011funuzda, bu durumu ciddiye almal\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. D\u00fczenli olarak sisteminizdeki kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek, yetkisiz eri\u015fimi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gizli hesaplar\u0131 erken a\u015famada tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu bilgilerle donanm\u0131\u015f olarak, Ubuntu sistemlerinizi daha g\u00fcvenli ve etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu’da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi\nLinux tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri, \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir ve bu","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36977","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu'da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu'da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ubuntu'da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi Linux tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri, \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir ve bu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-25T15:40:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Ubuntu’da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-25T15:40:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\"},\"wordCount\":3093,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Linux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntuda-linux-sistem-kullanicilarini-goruntuleme-rehberi\/\",\"name\":\"Ubuntu'da Linux Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Rehberi - 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