{"id":36807,"date":"2025-12-23T11:40:49","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36807"},"modified":"2025-12-23T11:40:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:40:49","slug":"elasticsearch-logstash-ve-kibana-elastic-stack-centos-7-uzerine-kurulum-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/elasticsearch-logstash-ve-kibana-elastic-stack-centos-7-uzerine-kurulum-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Elasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana (Elastic Stack) CentOS 7 \u00dczerine Kurulum Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Elasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana (Elastic Stack) CentOS 7 \u00dczerine Kurulum Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Elastic Stack, daha yayg\u0131n bilinen ad\u0131yla ELK Stack, log y\u00f6netimi, arama, analiz ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7 setidir. Sistem y\u00f6neticileri, DevOps m\u00fchendisleri ve geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in, uygulama ve sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir konumda toplamak, depolamak, analiz etmek ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, Elastic Stack’in temel bile\u015fenleri olan Elasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana’y\u0131 CentOS 7 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

1. Giri\u015f: Elastic Stack Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n

Elastic Stack, farkl\u0131 veri t\u00fcrlerini (loglar, metrikler, g\u00fcvenlik olaylar\u0131 vb.) ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak al\u0131p, i\u015fleyip, depolay\u0131p ve analiz edip g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Her bir bile\u015fenin belirli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Elasticsearch<\/strong>: Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k, RESTful bir arama ve analiz motorudur. T\u00fcm veriler burada depolan\u0131r ve indekslenir. B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 arama ve karma\u015f\u0131k analiz yetenekleri sunar. \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi ve performans\u0131 ile bilinir.
\n* Logstash<\/strong>: Veri toplama, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ve zenginle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sunucu taraf\u0131 bir veri i\u015fleme pipeline’\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan (dosyalar, veritabanlar\u0131, a\u011f cihazlar\u0131 vb.) veri alabilir, bu verileri filtreleyebilir, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve ard\u0131ndan Elasticsearch gibi bir hedefe g\u00f6nderebilir.
\n* Kibana<\/strong>: Elasticsearch’te depolanan verileri ke\u015ffetmek, analiz etmek ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir web aray\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. Loglar\u0131, metrikleri ve di\u011fer verileri interaktif grafikler, panolar ve raporlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunar.<\/p>\n

Elastic Stack’in \u00f6nemi, modern BT ortamlar\u0131nda artan veri hacmiyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma yetene\u011finden gelmektedir. Uygulama hatalar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131klamak, g\u00fcvenlik ihlallerini tespit etmek, sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve i\u015f zekas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011ferli i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde etmek i\u00e7in merkezi bir log y\u00f6netim sistemine sahip olmak vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n

Bu rehberde, Elastic Stack’in 7.17.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kuraca\u011f\u0131z. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve CentOS 7 ile uyumlulu\u011fu nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

2. \u00d6n Gereksinimler ve Sistem Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce CentOS 7 sunucunuzun belirli gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve baz\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu ad\u0131mlar, sorunsuz bir kurulum ve optimum performans i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

2.1. Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h4>\n

\u0130lk olarak, sistemdeki t\u00fcm paketleri g\u00fcncelleyelim. Bu, olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 uygular.<\/p>\n

sudo yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.2. Java (OpenJDK) Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch ve Logstash, Java Runtime Environment (JRE) gerektirir. Elastic Stack 7.17.x i\u00e7in OpenJDK 8 veya OpenJDK 11 \u00f6nerilir. CentOS 7 \u00fczerinde OpenJDK 8 kurulumunu tercih edece\u011fiz, zira daha geni\u015f uyumluluk sunar.<\/p>\n
sudo yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulumdan sonra Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n
java -version<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
openjdk version \"1.8.0_...\"\nOpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_...)\nOpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.xxx-bxx, mixed mode)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3. Sistem \u00c7ekirdek Parametrelerinin Ayarlanmas\u0131 (vm.max_map_count)<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch, mmapfs dizin depolama t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak dizinlerini y\u00f6netir ve varsay\u0131lan Linux sanal bellek ayarlar\u0131 bazen yetersiz kalabilir. \u00d6zellikle vm.max_map_count<\/code> de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, Elasticsearch ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131rken sorunlar ya\u015fanabilir. Bu de\u011feri art\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik yeniden ba\u015flatmada kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131na eklemeliyiz:<\/p>\n
echo \"vm.max_map_count=262144\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/sysctl.conf\nsudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4. SELinux’u Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma (\u00d6nerilir)<\/h4>\n
SELinux, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fen olsa da, Elastic Stack bile\u015fenlerinin kurulumu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda izin sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Basitlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bu rehberde SELinux’u ge\u00e7ici veya kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131 tercih ediyoruz. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda SELinux’u tamamen devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak yerine, gerekli izinleri yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ici olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo setenforce 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n
SELINUX=enforcing<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 SELINUX=disabled<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.\n
SELINUX= can take one of these three values:<\/h2>\n
enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.<\/h2>\n
permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.<\/h2>\n
disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.<\/h2>\nSELINUX=disabled\n
SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:<\/h2>\n
targeted - Targeted processes are protected,<\/h2>\n
mls - Multi Level Security protection.<\/h2>\nSELINUXTYPE=targeted<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sunucuyu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir (sudo reboot<\/code>).<\/p>\n
2.5. Firewall Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
CentOS 7’de varsay\u0131lan olarak firewalld<\/code> etkindir. Elastic Stack bile\u015fenlerinin birbirleriyle ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla ileti\u015fim kurabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7mam\u0131z veya g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmam\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu rehberde, basitlik ad\u0131na gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7may\u0131 tercih edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
*   Elasticsearch<\/strong>: Varsay\u0131lan olarak 9200 (HTTP) ve 9300 (transport) portlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.
\n*   Kibana<\/strong>: Varsay\u0131lan olarak 5601 portunu kullan\u0131r.
\n*   Logstash<\/strong>: Genellikle 5044 (Beats input) veya \u00f6zel bir port kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=9200\/tcp --permanent\nsudo firewall-cmd --add-port=5601\/tcp --permanent\n
E\u011fer Logstash i\u00e7in Beats input kullanacaksan\u0131z:<\/h2>\nsudo firewall-cmd --add-port=5044\/tcp --permanent\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak isterseniz (\u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda \u00f6nerilmez):<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop firewalld\nsudo systemctl disable firewalld<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.6. Elastic YUM Deposu Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Elastic Stack bile\u015fenlerini kolayca kurmak ve g\u00fcncellemek i\u00e7in Elastic’in resmi YUM deposunu sistemimize eklemeliyiz. \u0130lk olarak, Elastic’in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktaral\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo rpm --import https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, Elastic YUM deposu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/elastic.repo<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin:<\/p>\n
[elasticsearch-7.x]\nname=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages\nbaseurl=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/packages\/7.x\/yum\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch\nenabled=1\nautorefresh=1\ntype=rpm-md\n\n[kibana-7.x]\nname=Kibana repository for 7.x packages\nbaseurl=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/packages\/7.x\/yum\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch\nenabled=1\nautorefresh=1\ntype=rpm-md\n\n[logstash-7.x]\nname=Logstash repository for 7.x packages\nbaseurl=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/packages\/7.x\/yum\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/artifacts.elastic.co\/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch\nenabled=1\nautorefresh=1\ntype=rpm-md<\/code><\/pre>\n
Depoyu ekledikten sonra, yum<\/code> \u00f6nbelle\u011fini temizleyip g\u00fcncelleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo yum clean all\nsudo yum makecache<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k Elastic Stack bile\u015fenlerini kurmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n
3. Elasticsearch Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch, Elastic Stack’in kalbidir ve t\u00fcm verilerin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir.<\/p>\n
3.1. Elasticsearch Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch paketini YUM kullanarak kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install elasticsearch -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.2. Elasticsearch Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch’in ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml<\/code> adresindedir. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek temel ayarlar\u0131 yapal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulup veya ekleyip d\u00fczenleyin. Yorum sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 (#<\/code>) kald\u0131r\u0131n ve de\u011ferleri ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
# Cluster ad\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulum i\u00e7in bile \u00f6nemlidir.\ncluster.name: my-elastic-cluster\n
Bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in bir ad belirleyin.<\/h2>\nnode.name: node-1\n
Elasticsearch'in dinleyece\u011fi a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc belirtin.<\/h2>\n
Sadece localhost'tan eri\u015fim i\u00e7in 127.0.0.1, t\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden eri\u015fim i\u00e7in 0.0.0.0 kullan\u0131n.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzun belirli bir IP adresi varsa onu da kullanabilirsiniz.<\/h2>\nnetwork.host: 0.0.0.0\n
Elasticsearch HTTP portu. Varsay\u0131lan 9200'd\u00fcr.<\/h2>\nhttp.port: 9200\n
Ke\u015fif ayarlar\u0131. Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir kurulum i\u00e7in bu sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin.<\/h2>\n
Birden fazla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz varsa, di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin IP adreslerini buraya eklemelisiniz.<\/h2>\ndiscovery.seed_hosts: [\"127.0.0.1\"]\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki ana d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm adaylar\u0131. Tek d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc kurulum i\u00e7in kendi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/h2>\ncluster.initial_master_nodes: [\"node-1\"]\n
X-Pack g\u00fcvenlik varsay\u0131lan olarak etkin gelir. E\u011fer g\u00fcvenliksiz bir kurulum istiyorsan\u0131z,<\/h2>\n
bu sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyip false yapabilirsiniz, ancak \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda \u00f6nerilmez.<\/h2>\n
xpack.security.enabled: false<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
Bellek Ayarlar\u0131 (JVM Heap Size):<\/strong>
\nElasticsearch, JVM \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in belle\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. \/etc\/elasticsearch\/jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda JVM heap boyutunu ayarlayabilirsiniz. Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Elasticsearch mevcut RAM’in yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (ancak 32 GB’\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecek \u015fekilde) kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sunucunuzun RAM miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu de\u011feri ayarlaman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. Genellikle fiziksel RAM’in %50’si kadar bir de\u011fer ayarlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 8 GB RAM’e sahip bir sunucu i\u00e7in 4 GB ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/elasticsearch\/jvm.options<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulun ve Xms<\/code> (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 boyutu) ve Xmx<\/code> (maksimum boyut) de\u011ferlerini ayarlay\u0131n. Bu de\u011ferler ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
-Xms4g\n-Xmx4g<\/code><\/pre>\n
4g<\/code> yerine sunucunuzun RAM’ine uygun bir de\u011fer (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2g<\/code> veya 8g<\/code>) yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.3. Elasticsearch Servisini Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra Elasticsearch servisini etkinle\u015ftirelim ve ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch\nsudo systemctl start elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin durumunu kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
Durum active (running)<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.4. Elasticsearch’in \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
Elasticsearch’in HTTP API’sini kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya e\u011fer network.host<\/code> olarak 0.0.0.0<\/code> ayarlad\u0131ysan\u0131z, sunucunuzun IP adresi \u00fczerinden:<\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/:9200\/\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir kurulumda, Elasticsearch k\u00fcme ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bilgileriyle birlikte bir JSON \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
{\n  \"name\" : \"node-1\",\n  \"cluster_name\" : \"my-elastic-cluster\",\n  \"cluster_uuid\" : \"...\",\n  \"version\" : {\n    \"number\" : \"7.17.x\",\n    \"build_flavor\" : \"default\",\n    \"build_type\" : \"rpm\",\n    \"build_hash\" : \"...\",\n    \"build_date\" : \"...\",\n    \"build_snapshot\" : false,\n    \"lucene_version\" : \"8.11.x\",\n    \"minimum_wire_compatibility_version\" : \"6.8.0\",\n    \"minimum_index_compatibility_version\" : \"6.0.0-beta1\"\n  },\n  \"tagline\" : \"You Know, for Search\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. Kibana Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Kibana, Elasticsearch’teki verilerinizi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan web aray\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
4.1. Kibana Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Kibana paketini YUM kullanarak kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install kibana -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.2. Kibana Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Kibana’n\u0131n ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/etc\/kibana\/kibana.yml<\/code> adresindedir. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek temel ayarlar\u0131 yapal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/kibana\/kibana.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulup veya ekleyip d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
# Kibana'n\u0131n dinleyece\u011fi port. Varsay\u0131lan 5601'dir.\nserver.port: 5601\n
Kibana'n\u0131n dinleyece\u011fi a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fc.<\/h2>\n
Sadece localhost'tan eri\u015fim i\u00e7in \"localhost\", t\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden eri\u015fim i\u00e7in \"0.0.0.0\" kullan\u0131n.<\/h2>\nserver.host: \"0.0.0.0\"\n
Elasticsearch instance'\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n URL'si.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer Elasticsearch ayn\u0131 sunucudaysa localhost kullanabilirsiniz.<\/h2>\nelasticsearch.hosts: [\"http:\/\/localhost:9200\"]\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dil deste\u011fi i\u00e7in (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h2>\n
i18n.locale: \"tr-TR\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
4.3. Kibana Servisini Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra Kibana servisini etkinle\u015ftirelim ve ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable kibana\nsudo systemctl start kibana<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin durumunu kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status kibana<\/code><\/pre>\n
Durum active (running)<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4.4. Kibana’ya Eri\u015fimi Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
Kibana’ya web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan eri\u015febilirsiniz. Sunucunuzun IP adresini ve Kibana portunu kullanarak adres \u00e7ubu\u011funa yaz\u0131n:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/:5601<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kibana aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmelisiniz. \u0130lk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fta biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
5. Logstash Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Logstash, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan loglar\u0131 ve di\u011fer verileri toplar, i\u015fler ve Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n
5.1. Logstash Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Logstash paketini YUM kullanarak kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install logstash -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.2. Logstash Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Logstash, .conf<\/code> uzant\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu dosyalar, veri i\u015fleme pipeline’lar\u0131n\u0131 (input, filter, output) tan\u0131mlar. Logstash yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 \/etc\/logstash\/conf.d\/<\/code> dizininde bulunur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek olarak, sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 (\/var\/log\/messages<\/code>) toplay\u0131p Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderen basit bir pipeline olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/logstash\/conf.d\/system-logs.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ekleyin:<\/p>\n
input {\n  file {\n    path => \"\/var\/log\/messages\"\n    type => \"syslog\"\n    start_position => \"beginning\"\n    sincedb_path => \"\/dev\/null\" # Test ama\u00e7l\u0131, \u00fcretimde kullanmay\u0131n\n  }\n}\n\nfilter {\n  if [type] == \"syslog\" {\n    grok {\n      match => { \"message\" => \"%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}\" }\n    }\n    date {\n      match => [ \"syslog_timestamp\", \"MMM  d HH:mm:ss\", \"MMM dd HH:mm:ss\" ]\n      target => \"@timestamp\"\n    }\n    # E\u011fer grok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmazsa, tag ekleyelim\n    if \"_grokparsefailure\" in [tags] {\n      drop {} # Hatal\u0131 parse edilenleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\n    }\n  }\n}\n\noutput {\n  elasticsearch {\n    hosts => [\"http:\/\/localhost:9200\"]\n    index => \"system-logs-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}\"\n  }\n  # Konsola da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 almak i\u00e7in (hata ay\u0131klama ama\u00e7l\u0131)\n  # stdout { codec => rubydebug }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/strong>
\n*   input<\/strong>: \/var\/log\/messages<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dinler. type<\/code> alan\u0131, filtreleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. start_position => \"beginning\"<\/code> Logstash ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dosyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan okumaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. sincedb_path => \"\/dev\/null\"<\/code> Logstash’in dosyan\u0131n neresinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmesini sa\u011flayan sincedb dosyas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r, bu da her yeniden ba\u015flatmada t\u00fcm loglar\u0131 yeniden okumas\u0131na neden olur. \u00dcretimde bu ayar\u0131 kald\u0131rmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z ki Logstash sadece yeni loglar\u0131 okusun.
\n*   filter<\/strong>: syslog<\/code> t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki loglar\u0131 grok<\/code> filtresi ile ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. grok<\/code>, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f log verilerini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f verilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. date<\/code> filtresi, logdaki zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 Elasticsearch’in @timestamp<\/code> alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.
\n*   output<\/strong>: \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f loglar\u0131 localhost:9200<\/code> adresindeki Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderir. index<\/code> ayar\u0131, loglar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak system-logs-YYYY.MM.dd<\/code> format\u0131nda indekslenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
5.3. Logstash Servisini Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra Logstash servisini etkinle\u015ftirelim ve ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable logstash\nsudo systemctl start logstash<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin durumunu kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status logstash<\/code><\/pre>\n
Durum active (running)<\/code> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Logstash’in ilk ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 biraz zaman alabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Java VM’i ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5.4. Logstash’in \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
Logstash’in do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve loglar\u0131 Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in, Elasticsearch’teki indeksleri kontrol edebiliriz:<\/p>\n
curl -X GET \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\/_cat\/indices?v\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Birka\u00e7 dakika sonra, system-logs-YYYY.MM.dd<\/code> format\u0131nda yeni bir indeks g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
health status index                    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size\ngreen  open   .kibana_task_manager_1   ...                      1   0          2            0    102.3kb    102.3kb\ngreen  open   .apm-agent-configuration ...                      1   0          0            0       208b       208b\ngreen  open   .kibana_1                ...                      1   0          3            0     18.6kb     18.6kb\ngreen  open   system-logs-2023.10.27   ...                      1   0        123            0    202.3kb    202.3kb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan Kibana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne gidin (http:\/\/:5601<\/code>).
\n*   Sol men\u00fcden “Stack Management” -> “Index Patterns” (veya “Data Views” yeni Kibana s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde) se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n*   “Create Index Pattern” (veya “Create data view”) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n   “system-logs-<\/em>” yaz\u0131n ve “Next step” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n*   Zaman damgas\u0131 alan\u0131 olarak @timestamp<\/code> se\u00e7in ve “Create index pattern” (veya “Create data view”) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n*   \u015eimdi sol men\u00fcden “Analytics” -> “Discover” se\u00e7ene\u011fine gidin. Loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n burada listelendi\u011fini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
6. G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemleri<\/h3>\n
\u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda Elastic Stack’i kurarken g\u00fcvenlik kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu temel kurulum rehberinde g\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131mlar\u0131na tam olarak de\u011finilmemi\u015ftir, ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir:<\/p>\n
*   X-Pack Security<\/strong>: Elasticsearch, Kibana ve Logstash i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131, rol tabanl\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc, SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesi gibi g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerini sunar. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda bu \u00f6zellikleri etkinle\u015ftirmek zorunludur.
\n*   A\u011f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong>: Elasticsearch, Kibana ve Logstash’in varsay\u0131lan portlar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvenli a\u011flardan eri\u015filebilir hale getirin veya VPN \u00fczerinden eri\u015fimi sa\u011flay\u0131n. network.host: 0.0.0.0<\/code> ayar\u0131, herhangi bir IP adresinden eri\u015fime izin verir ve g\u00fcvenlik riski ta\u015f\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse belirli IP adreslerine veya localhost<\/code>‘a k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131n.
\n*   HTTPS\/SSL<\/strong>: Kibana ve Elasticsearch aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi ve Kibana’ya web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden eri\u015fimi HTTPS ile \u015fifreleyin.
\n*   Eri\u015fim Kontrol\u00fc<\/strong>: Sunucu seviyesinde g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 ile yaln\u0131zca yetkili IP adreslerinin Elastic Stack bile\u015fenlerine eri\u015fmesine izin verin.
\n*   Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>: Her bir Elastic Stack bile\u015feni i\u00e7in ayr\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yetkili sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ve bunlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak daha g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/p>\n
7. \u0130leri Konular ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
*   Filebeat ve Metricbeat<\/strong>: Logstash, do\u011frudan log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 okuyabilir, ancak genellikle sunuculardan log ve metrik toplamak i\u00e7in Filebeat ve Metricbeat gibi hafif veri toplay\u0131c\u0131lar (shipper’lar) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu toplay\u0131c\u0131lar, hedef sunucularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve verileri Logstash’e veya do\u011frudan Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderir. Bu, Logstash \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc azalt\u0131r ve daha g\u00fcvenilir veri iletimi sa\u011flar.
\n*   Veri Saklama Politikalar\u0131<\/strong>: Elasticsearch’te depolanan veriler h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir. Index Lifecycle Management (ILM) kullanarak indekslerin ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc (olu\u015fturma, ta\u015f\u0131ma, silme) otomatik olarak y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.
\n*   Performans Ayarlamalar\u0131<\/strong>: Elasticsearch i\u00e7in JVM heap boyutu, disk performans\u0131 (SSD kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir), CPU ve RAM kaynaklar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Logstash i\u00e7in pipeline’lar\u0131n optimize edilmesi ve worker say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131 performans\u0131 etkiler.
\n*   Monitoring<\/strong>: Elastic Stack’in kendi monitoring ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (X-Pack Monitoring) ile k\u00fcmenizin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131n\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz.
\n*   Y\u00fcksek Eri\u015filebilirlik ve \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/strong>: \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda, tek bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yerine birden fazla Elasticsearch d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ile bir k\u00fcme olu\u015fturmak, veri yedeklili\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
8. Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Elasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana’y\u0131 (Elastic Stack) CentOS 7 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Sistem haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, her bir bile\u015fenin kurulumunu, temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamay\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Art\u0131k loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 merkezi bir konumda toplayabilir, i\u015fleyebilir, depolayabilir ve Kibana’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme yetenekleri sayesinde analiz edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Kibana’n\u0131n sundu\u011fu zengin \u00f6zellik setini ke\u015ffetmeye ba\u015flayabilirsiniz. \u00d6zel panolar olu\u015fturarak, loglar\u0131n\u0131zdaki e\u011filimleri izleyebilir, anormallikleri tespit edebilir ve sistemlerinizin ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda derinlemesine i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde edebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n ki bu bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r; \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik, performans ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik konular\u0131nda daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma yapman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Elasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana (Elastic Stack) CentOS 7 \u00dczerine Kurulum Rehberi\nElastic Stack, daha yayg\u0131n bilinen ad\u0131yla ELK Stack, log y\u00f6net","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36807","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nElasticsearch, Logstash ve Kibana (Elastic Stack) CentOS 7 \u00dczerine Kurulum Rehberi - 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