{"id":36436,"date":"2025-12-17T00:40:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T21:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36436"},"modified":"2025-12-17T00:40:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T21:40:39","slug":"javada-strategy-tasarim-deseni-kapsamli-bir-ornek-ve-uygulama-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/javada-strategy-tasarim-deseni-kapsamli-bir-ornek-ve-uygulama-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Java’da Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni – Kapsaml\u0131 Bir \u00d6rnek ve Uygulama Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Java’da Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni – Kapsaml\u0131 Bir \u00d6rnek ve Uygulama Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Java programlama d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n esnekli\u011fini, geni\u015fletilebilirli\u011fini ve bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli tasar\u0131m desenleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu desenler, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftiricilere kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan yayg\u0131n sorunlara kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunar. Bu desenlerden biri de davran\u0131\u015fsal desenler kategorisinde yer alan Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni<\/strong>‘dir. Strategy deseni, bir dizi algoritmay\u0131 tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n, her birini kaps\u00fcllemenin ve birbirleriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir hale getirmenin bir yolunu sunar. Bu sayede, istemci kodu algoritman\u0131n kendisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni Nedir?<\/h3>\n

Strategy deseni, bir algoritma ailesini tan\u0131mlar, her algoritmay\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7inde kaps\u00fcller ve bu algoritmalar\u0131n birbirlerinin yerine kullan\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu desen, algoritman\u0131n kendisinin, onu kullanan istemciden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak de\u011fi\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bir nesnenin farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flara sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde ve bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi istendi\u011finde Strategy deseni devreye girer.<\/p>\n

Bu desenin temel amac\u0131, bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n farkl\u0131 i\u015flevsellikleri (algoritmalar\u0131) do\u011frudan kendi i\u00e7inde uygulamak yerine, bu i\u015flevsellikleri ayr\u0131 nesnelere devretmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6zellikle bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 varyant\u0131 oldu\u011funda ve bu varyantlar\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi durumlarda \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak, bu t\u00fcr durumlar if-else<\/code> veya switch-case<\/code> yap\u0131lar\u0131yla ele al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kodun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r, bak\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve A\u00e7\u0131k\/Kapal\u0131 Prensibi’ni (Open\/Closed Principle) ihlal eder. Strategy deseni, bu sorunlara zarif ve esnek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.<\/p>\n

Yayg\u0131n Bir Problem: Ko\u015fullu Mant\u0131k Karma\u015fas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Strategy deseninin neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir senaryoyu ele alal\u0131m. Bir e-ticaret uygulamas\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin farkl\u0131 \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemlerini (kredi kart\u0131, PayPal, banka havalesi vb.) kullanarak \u00f6deme yapabilmesi gerekmektedir. Geli\u015ftiriciler genellikle bu durumu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ele alabilirler:<\/p>\n

public class PaymentProcessor {\n    public void processPayment(String paymentType, double amount) {\n        if (paymentType.equals(\"CreditCard\")) {\n            \/\/ Kredi kart\u0131 \u00f6deme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\n            System.out.println(amount + \" TL kredi kart\u0131 ile \u00f6dendi.\");\n        } else if (paymentType.equals(\"PayPal\")) {\n            \/\/ PayPal \u00f6deme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\n            System.out.println(amount + \" TL PayPal ile \u00f6dendi.\");\n        } else if (paymentType.equals(\"BankTransfer\")) {\n            \/\/ Banka havalesi \u00f6deme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\n            System.out.println(amount + \" TL banka havalesi ile \u00f6dendi.\");\n        } else {\n            System.out.println(\"Ge\u00e7ersiz \u00f6deme t\u00fcr\u00fc.\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ Kullan\u0131m \u00f6rne\u011fi\npublic class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        PaymentProcessor processor = new PaymentProcessor();\n        processor.processPayment(\"CreditCard\", 100.0);\n        processor.processPayment(\"PayPal\", 50.0);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ciddi dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Geni\u015fletilebilirlik Sorunu<\/strong>: Yeni bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemi eklendi\u011finde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Bitcoin), PaymentProcessor<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n processPayment<\/code> metodu de\u011fi\u015ftirilmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Bu, mevcut ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kodu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek anlam\u0131na gelir ki bu, A\u00e7\u0131k\/Kapal\u0131 Prensibi’ni ihlal eder.
\n*   Bak\u0131m Zorlu\u011fu<\/strong>: if-else<\/code> veya switch-case<\/code> bloklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e, kodun okunabilirli\u011fi ve bak\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r. Her bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6nteminin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, tek bir metot i\u00e7inde i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.
\n*   Test Edilebilirlik<\/strong>: Her bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 test etmek zordur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hepsi ayn\u0131 metot i\u00e7inde birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n*   S\u0131k\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 (Tight Coupling)<\/strong>: PaymentProcessor<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemlerinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 bilir ve onlarla s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Strategy deseni, bu t\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Strategy Deseni’nin Temel Kavramlar\u0131 ve Bile\u015fenleri<\/h3>\n
Strategy deseni, \u00fc\u00e7 ana bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
1. Strategy (Aray\u00fcz veya Soyut S\u0131n\u0131f)<\/h4>\n
Bu, t\u00fcm somut stratejiler i\u00e7in ortak bir aray\u00fcz tan\u0131mlar. \u0130stemciler, belirli bir algoritmay\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in bu aray\u00fcz\u00fc kullan\u0131r. Bu aray\u00fcz, genellikle tek bir metot i\u00e7erir ve bu metot, stratejinin ana davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00f6deme sistemi senaryosunda, bu aray\u00fcz PaymentStrategy<\/code> olabilir ve pay(int amount)<\/code> metodunu i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n
2. Concrete Strategy (Somut Stratejiler)<\/h4>\n
Bunlar, Strategy aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayan s\u0131n\u0131flard\u0131r. Her somut strateji, Strategy aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde tan\u0131mlanan metodun belirli bir uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 (yani, belirli bir algoritmay\u0131) sa\u011flar. \u00d6deme sistemi \u00f6rne\u011finde, CreditCardPaymentStrategy<\/code>, PayPalPaymentStrategy<\/code> ve BankTransferPaymentStrategy<\/code> gibi s\u0131n\u0131flar somut stratejiler olacakt\u0131r. Her biri kendi \u00f6deme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygulayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Context (Ba\u011flam)<\/h4>\n
Ba\u011flam, bir Strategy<\/code> nesnesine referans tutan s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f, istemcinin etkile\u015fimde bulundu\u011fu ana s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r. Ba\u011flam, i\u015fi do\u011frudan yapmak yerine, referans\u0131n\u0131 tuttu\u011fu Strategy<\/code> nesnesine devrederek g\u00f6revi yerine getirir. Ba\u011flam\u0131n kendisi hangi stratejinin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmez, sadece kendisine verilen stratejiyi kullan\u0131r. \u0130stemci, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda ba\u011flama hangi somut stratejinin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler veya ba\u011flam, kendi i\u00e7 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bir strateji se\u00e7ebilir. \u00d6deme sistemi \u00f6rne\u011finde, PaymentContext<\/code> veya Order<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir ba\u011flam olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek Senaryo: \u00d6deme Sistemi Uygulamas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz \u00f6deme sistemi sorununu Strategy deseni ile nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fimize bakal\u0131m. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, yeni \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemleri eklendi\u011finde PaymentContext<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalmamak ve her \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemini kendi i\u00e7inde izole etmektir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Strateji Aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc Tan\u0131mlama<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, t\u00fcm \u00f6deme stratejilerinin uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 bir aray\u00fcz tan\u0131mlar\u0131z. Bu aray\u00fcz, \u00f6deme i\u015flemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek olan pay<\/code> metodunu i\u00e7erecektir.<\/p>\n
\/\/ PaymentStrategy.java\npublic interface PaymentStrategy {\n    void pay(int amount);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu aray\u00fcz, \u00f6deme algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n soyutlamas\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir somut \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemi, bu aray\u00fcz\u00fc uygulayarak kendi \u00f6deme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bu, istemcinin (ba\u011flam\u0131n) farkl\u0131 \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemlerini ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ele alabilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Somut Stratejiler Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, PaymentStrategy<\/code> aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayan somut \u00f6deme stratejilerini olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Her biri belirli bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6nteminin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecektir.<\/p>\n
\/\/ CreditCardPaymentStrategy.java\npublic class CreditCardPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {\n    private String cardNumber;\n    private String cardHolderName;\n    private String cvv;\n    private String expiryDate;\n\n    public CreditCardPaymentStrategy(String cardNumber, String cardHolderName, String cvv, String expiryDate) {\n        this.cardNumber = cardNumber;\n        this.cardHolderName = cardHolderName;\n        this.cvv = cvv;\n        this.expiryDate = expiryDate;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void pay(int amount) {\n        System.out.println(amount + \" TL kredi kart\u0131 ile \u00f6dendi. Kart No: \" + cardNumber);\n        \/\/ Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada burada kredi kart\u0131 API'si ile etkile\u015fim kurulur.\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\/\/ PayPalPaymentStrategy.java\npublic class PayPalPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {\n    private String email;\n    private String password;\n\n    public PayPalPaymentStrategy(String email, String password) {\n        this.email = email;\n        this.password = password;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void pay(int amount) {\n        System.out.println(amount + \" TL PayPal ile \u00f6dendi. E-posta: \" + email);\n        \/\/ Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada burada PayPal API'si ile etkile\u015fim kurulur.\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\/\/ BitcoinPaymentStrategy.java\npublic class BitcoinPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {\n    private String bitcoinAddress;\n\n    public BitcoinPaymentStrategy(String bitcoinAddress) {\n        this.bitcoinAddress = bitcoinAddress;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void pay(int amount) {\n        System.out.println(amount + \" TL Bitcoin ile \u00f6dendi. Adres: \" + bitcoinAddress);\n        \/\/ Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada burada Bitcoin a\u011f\u0131 ile etkile\u015fim kurulur.\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Her bir somut strateji s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendi \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemine \u00f6zg\u00fc verileri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kart numaras\u0131, e-posta) tutabilir ve kendi pay<\/code> metodunu uygulayarak belirli \u00f6deme algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Ba\u011flam S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, PaymentStrategy<\/code> aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak \u00f6deme i\u015flemini y\u00f6netecek olan ba\u011flam s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 (PaymentContext<\/code>) olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f, hangi \u00f6deme stratejisinin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyecek, sadece kendisine verilen stratejiyi y\u00fcr\u00fctecektir.<\/p>\n
\/\/ PaymentContext.java\npublic class PaymentContext {\n    private PaymentStrategy paymentStrategy;\n\n    \/\/ Stratejiyi constructor arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla enjekte edebiliriz.\n    public PaymentContext(PaymentStrategy paymentStrategy) {\n        this.paymentStrategy = paymentStrategy;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Veya setter metodu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirebiliriz.\n    public void setPaymentStrategy(PaymentStrategy paymentStrategy) {\n        this.paymentStrategy = paymentStrategy;\n    }\n\n    public void executePayment(int amount) {\n        \/\/ \u0130\u015fi do\u011frudan kendisi yapmak yerine, stratejiye devreder.\n        paymentStrategy.pay(amount);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
PaymentContext<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, bir PaymentStrategy<\/code> referans\u0131 tutar. executePayment<\/code> metodu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fi bu referansa devrederek pay<\/code> metodunu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu sayede, PaymentContext<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, hangi somut \u00f6deme stratejisinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek zorunda kalmaz. Bu, s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Uygulamay\u0131 Test Etme (Client Kodu)<\/h4>\n
Son olarak, Main<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131m\u0131zda bu yap\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6sterelim. \u0130stemci kodu, hangi stratejinin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na karar verir ve bunu ba\u011flama iletir.<\/p>\n
\/\/ Main.java\npublic class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        \/\/ Kredi kart\u0131 ile \u00f6deme\n        PaymentContext context = new PaymentContext(new CreditCardPaymentStrategy(\"1234-5678-9012-3456\", \"John Doe\", \"123\", \"12\/25\"));\n        context.executePayment(250);\n\n        System.out.println(\"--------------------\");\n\n        \/\/ PayPal ile \u00f6deme (stratejiyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirme)\n        context.setPaymentStrategy(new PayPalPaymentStrategy(\"john.doe@example.com\", \"mysecurepassword\"));\n        context.executePayment(150);\n\n        System.out.println(\"--------------------\");\n\n        \/\/ Yeni bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemi ekleyelim: Bitcoin\n        \/\/ PaymentContext s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye gerek kalmadan yeni bir strateji ekledik.\n        context.setPaymentStrategy(new BitcoinPaymentStrategy(\"1BvBMSEYstWetqTFn5Au4m4GFg7xJaNVN2\"));\n        context.executePayment(500);\n\n        System.out.println(\"--------------------\");\n\n        \/\/ Ba\u015fka bir kredi kart\u0131 ile \u00f6deme\n        context.setPaymentStrategy(new CreditCardPaymentStrategy(\"9876-5432-1098-7654\", \"Jane Smith\", \"456\", \"01\/24\"));\n        context.executePayment(75);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu Main<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, Strategy deseninin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. \u0130stemci, \u00f6deme ba\u011flam\u0131na hangi stratejiyi kullanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini dinamik olarak s\u00f6yleyebilir. Yeni bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemi (\u00f6rne\u011fin Bitcoin) eklendi\u011finde, sadece yeni bir PaymentStrategy<\/code> uygulay\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturmak yeterli olur; PaymentContext<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kodunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye gerek kalmaz. Bu, sistemin geni\u015fletilebilirli\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Strategy Deseni’nin Avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Strategy deseni, yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m\u0131nda bir dizi \u00f6nemli avantaj sunar:<\/p>\n
*   Esneklik ve Geni\u015fletilebilirlik<\/strong>: Yeni algoritmalar veya davran\u0131\u015flar eklemek \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Sadece Strategy<\/code> aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayan yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015fturmak yeterlidir. Mevcut kodda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmaya gerek kalmaz.
\n*   A\u00e7\u0131k\/Kapal\u0131 Prensibi (Open\/Closed Principle)<\/strong>: Bu prensip, bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (s\u0131n\u0131f, mod\u00fcl, fonksiyon vb.) geli\u015ftirmeye a\u00e7\u0131k, ancak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Strategy deseni, yeni algoritmalar eklemek i\u00e7in mevcut kodu de\u011fi\u015ftirmemize gerek kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu prensibi destekler.
\n*   Kod Tekrar\u0131n\u0131 Azaltma<\/strong>: Ortak aray\u00fcz sayesinde, farkl\u0131 algoritmalar benzer bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nabilir, bu da kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.
\n*   Test Edilebilirlik<\/strong>: Her strateji kendi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda kaps\u00fcllendi\u011fi i\u00e7in, her bir algoritma ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak kolayca test edilebilir. Bu, birim testlerinin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini basitle\u015ftirir.
\n*   Bak\u0131m Kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Her algoritma kendi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda izole edildi\u011finden, bir algoritmadaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler di\u011ferlerini etkileme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu, kodun bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   Ko\u015fullu \u0130fadelerin Azalmas\u0131<\/strong>: if-else<\/code> veya switch-case<\/code> bloklar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, kodun daha temiz ve okunabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Zaman\u0131nda Davran\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong>: Bir nesnenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda dinamik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7ti\u011finde, ilgili strateji an\u0131nda uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n
Strategy Deseni’nin Dezavantajlar\u0131 ve Ne Zaman Kullan\u0131lmal\u0131\/Kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131<\/h3>\n
Her tasar\u0131m deseni gibi, Strategy deseninin de baz\u0131 dezavantajlar\u0131 ve belirli kullan\u0131m senaryolar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Dezavantajlar:<\/h4>\n
*   Artan S\u0131n\u0131f Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>: \u00c7ok say\u0131da stratejiniz varsa, bu durum sistemdeki s\u0131n\u0131f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Basit durumlar i\u00e7in bu, gereksiz bir karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k olarak alg\u0131lanabilir.
\n*   \u0130stemcinin Stratejileri Bilmesi Gereklili\u011fi<\/strong>: Genellikle istemci, hangi stratejiyi kullanaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermek ve bu stratejiyi ba\u011flama sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r. Bu, istemcinin stratejiler hakk\u0131nda belirli bir bilgiye sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Ancak, bu sorumluluk bazen bir Fabrika (Factory) deseni kullan\u0131larak istemciden al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
Ne Zaman Kullan\u0131lmal\u0131:<\/h4>\n
*   Bir nesnenin farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flara sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde ve bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi istendi\u011finde.
\n*   Bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ko\u015fullu ifade (if-else<\/code> veya switch-case<\/code>) bulundu\u011funda ve bu ifadelerin farkl\u0131 algoritmalar\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda.
\n*   Algoritmalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 varyantlar\u0131n\u0131 izole etmek ve her birini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak y\u00f6netmek istedi\u011finizde.
\n*   Bir algoritman\u0131n uygulamas\u0131n\u0131, onu kullanan istemciden ay\u0131rmak istedi\u011finizde.
\n*   Farkl\u0131 algoritmalar\u0131n ortak bir aray\u00fcze sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde.<\/p>\n
Ne Zaman Kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131:<\/h4>\n
*   Sadece bir veya iki algoritma varyant\u0131 varsa ve gelecekte yeni varyantlar eklenmesi beklenmiyorsa, basit if-else<\/code> veya switch-case<\/code> yap\u0131lar\u0131 yeterli olabilir. Strategy deseni, bu t\u00fcr basit durumlar i\u00e7in gereksiz bir karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k getirebilir.
\n*   Ekstra s\u0131n\u0131f ve aray\u00fcz olu\u015fturman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi maliyetin, sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydalardan daha a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Tasar\u0131m Desenleri ile \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/h3>\n
Strategy deseni, di\u011fer baz\u0131 tasar\u0131m desenleriyle birlikte kullan\u0131larak daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler olu\u015fturulabilir:<\/p>\n
*   Factory Method \/ Abstract Factory<\/strong>: Strateji nesnelerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, genellikle bir Fabrika (Factory) deseni kullan\u0131larak soyutlanabilir. Bu, istemcinin somut strateji s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini bilme zorunlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve strateji se\u00e7imini daha esnek hale getirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, PaymentStrategyFactory<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131f, paymentType<\/code> parametresine g\u00f6re uygun PaymentStrategy<\/code> nesnesini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilir.
\n*   Template Method<\/strong>: Template Method deseni, bir algoritman\u0131n iskeletini bir metotta tan\u0131mlar ve baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131 alt s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u0131rak\u0131r. Strategy deseni ise t\u00fcm algoritmay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirken, Template Method deseni algoritman\u0131n belirli ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \u0130ki desen bazen birlikte kullan\u0131labilir: bir Template Method, genel bir algoritma yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken, bu algoritman\u0131n baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131 Strategy deseni taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan farkl\u0131 algoritmalar olabilir.
\n   State Pattern<\/strong>: State deseni, yap\u0131sal olarak Strategy desenine \u00e7ok benzer. Her ikisi de bir nesnenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in aray\u00fczleri ve somut s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Temel fark, State deseninin bir nesnenin <\/em>durumuna g\u00f6re davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesidir. Yani, bir nesnenin i\u00e7 durumu de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fir. Strategy deseni ise, bir nesnenin <\/em>nas\u0131l* davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, genellikle istemci taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a se\u00e7ilen bir algoritmay\u0131 uygular. State nesneleri, genellikle birbirleri aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015fleri tan\u0131mlar, oysa Strategy nesneleri bunu yapmaz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Strategy tasar\u0131m deseni, Java’da ve di\u011fer nesne y\u00f6nelimli dillerde esnek, geni\u015fletilebilir ve bak\u0131m\u0131 kolay yaz\u0131l\u0131m sistemleri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Algoritma ailesini tan\u0131mlama, her birini kaps\u00fclleme ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir hale getirme yetene\u011fi sayesinde, kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r, ko\u015fullu ifadelerin karma\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 giderir ve A\u00e7\u0131k\/Kapal\u0131 Prensibi’ni destekler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6deme sistemi gibi senaryolarda, farkl\u0131 algoritmalar\u0131n (\u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemlerinin) oldu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n gelecekte de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi veya yenilerinin eklenebilece\u011fi durumlarda Strategy deseni vazge\u00e7ilmez bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar. Her ne kadar ekstra s\u0131n\u0131f say\u0131s\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lansa da, sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esneklik, mod\u00fclerlik ve bak\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck maliyeti fazlas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lar. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftiricilerin ara\u00e7 kutusunda mutlaka bulunmas\u0131 gereken temel davran\u0131\u015fsal desenlerden biridir. Bu deseni do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anlamak ve uygulamak, daha sa\u011flam ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yaz\u0131l\u0131m mimarileri tasarlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Java’da Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni – Kapsaml\u0131 Bir \u00d6rnek ve Uygulama Rehberi\nJava programlama d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n esnekli\u011fini, geni\u015fletilebil","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1408],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36436","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-java","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nJava'da Strategy Tasar\u0131m Deseni - Kapsaml\u0131 Bir \u00d6rnek ve Uygulama Rehberi - 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