{"id":36428,"date":"2025-12-16T20:41:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T17:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36428"},"modified":"2025-12-16T20:41:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T17:41:03","slug":"ubuntu-20-04-uzerinde-ozel-baglantilar-icin-dante-proxy-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-20-04-uzerinde-ozel-baglantilar-icin-dante-proxy-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Dante Proxy Kurulumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Dante Proxy Kurulumu<\/h2>\n

Bu makale, Ubuntu 20.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Dante SOCKS proxy sunucusunun nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle dahili a\u011flar, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 arkas\u0131ndaki kaynaklara eri\u015fim veya belirli uygulamalar i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f gizlilik ve g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6zel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurmak isteyenler i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir rehber sunulmaktad\u0131r. Dante, esnekli\u011fi, performans\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sayesinde bu t\u00fcr senaryolar i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Neden Bir SOCKS Proxy’ye \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z Var?<\/h3>\n

\u0130nternet d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda gezinirken veya a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015firken, do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131lar her zaman ideal olmayabilir. Bazen belirli a\u011f segmentlerine eri\u015fim k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olabilir, g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 belirli portlar\u0131 engelleyebilir veya sadece \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kimli\u011finizi veya konumunuzu belirli uygulamalar i\u00e7in gizlemek isteyebilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada bir proxy sunucusu devreye girer.<\/p>\n

Proxy sunucular\u0131, istemci ile hedef sunucu aras\u0131nda bir arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u0130stemci, iste\u011fini do\u011frudan hedef sunucuya g\u00f6ndermek yerine, proxy sunucusuna g\u00f6nderir. Proxy sunucusu bu iste\u011fi kendi ad\u0131na hedef sunucuya iletir, cevab\u0131 al\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan istemciye geri g\u00f6nderir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, istemcinin ger\u00e7ek IP adresini gizleyebilir, a\u011f trafi\u011fini filtreleyebilir veya co\u011frafi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 a\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

SOCKS (Socket Secure) proxy, \u00f6zellikle uygulama d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve hem TCP hem de UDP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir proxy protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTP proxy’lerinin aksine, SOCKS proxy’leri protokol ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r; yani, web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan e-posta istemcilerine, dosya transferi programlar\u0131ndan oyunlara kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarla kullan\u0131labilirler. SOCKS5, kimlik do\u011frulama ve UDP deste\u011fi gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler sunarak SOCKS4’ten daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n

Dante, bu SOCKS protokol\u00fcn\u00fc uygulayan, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir SOCKS sunucusudur. Geni\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri sayesinde, belirli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, IP adresleri veya a\u011f aray\u00fczleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 20.04 \u00fczerinde Dante’yi kurarak, \u00f6zel ve g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Dante sunucusunu kurmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 20.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Temiz bir kurulum tavsiye edilir. Makaledeki komutlar bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u00e7in test edilmi\u015ftir.
\n* Sudo Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sudo<\/code> yetkisine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Temel Linux Bilgisi:<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 (CLI) kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve temel dosya sistemi navigasyonu hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olman\u0131z faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n* A\u011f Bilgisi:<\/strong> IP adresleri, alt a\u011flar ve temel a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmak, Dante’yi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131za do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde entegre etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Bilgisi:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na a\u015fina olman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

SOCKS Protokol\u00fc ve Dante Sunucusu Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Dante’nin kurulumuna ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, SOCKS protokol\u00fcn\u00fc ve Dante’nin bu protokol\u00fc nas\u0131l uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

SOCKS Protokol\u00fc Detaylar\u0131<\/h4>\n

SOCKS, OSI modelinin 5. katman\u0131 olan oturum katman\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir protokold\u00fcr. \u0130ki ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* SOCKS4:<\/strong> Yaln\u0131zca TCP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 destekler ve kimlik do\u011frulama \u00f6zellikleri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle hedef IP adresinin ve port numaras\u0131n\u0131n iletilmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n* SOCKS5:<\/strong> Hem TCP hem de UDP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 destekler. Bu, DNS sorgular\u0131, VoIP (Voice over IP) veya di\u011fer UDP tabanl\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulama gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 da destekler. Bu makalede SOCKS5’e odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha modern ve g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/p>\n

Bir SOCKS5 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 genellikle \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izler:<\/p>\n

1. Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u0130ste\u011fi:<\/strong> \u0130stemci, SOCKS proxy sunucusuna bir TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurar ve SOCKS5 protokol s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir.
\n2. Kimlik Do\u011frulama Y\u00f6ntemleri:<\/strong> Proxy, destekledi\u011fi kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemlerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kimlik do\u011frulama yok, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre) istemciye bildirir.
\n3. Y\u00f6ntem Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> \u0130stemci, proxy’nin sundu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemlerden birini se\u00e7er ve proxy’ye bildirir.
\n4. Kimlik Do\u011frulama (Gerekliyse):<\/strong> E\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre se\u00e7ildiyse, istemci kimlik bilgilerini g\u00f6nderir. Proxy bu bilgileri do\u011frular.
\n5. Hedef \u0130ste\u011fi:<\/strong> Kimlik do\u011frulama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, istemci proxy’ye ba\u011flanmak istedi\u011fi hedef sunucunun IP adresini\/alan ad\u0131n\u0131 ve port numaras\u0131n\u0131 bildirir.
\n6. Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurulumu:<\/strong> Proxy, istemci ad\u0131na hedef sunucuya ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar.
\n7. Veri Aktar\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulduktan sonra, istemci ve hedef sunucu aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm veri trafi\u011fi proxy \u00fczerinden akar.<\/p>\n

Dante Server: \u00d6zellikleri ve Avantajlar\u0131<\/h4>\n

Dante, SOCKS5 protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerini destekleyen ve \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek performans sunan sa\u011flam bir proxy sunucusudur. Temel avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Esneklik:<\/strong> Geni\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri sayesinde, belirli IP adresleri, a\u011f aray\u00fczleri, portlar ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlanabilir.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 ve IP tabanl\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol listeleri (ACL) ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar.
\n* Performans:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek trafik y\u00fcklerini y\u00f6netebilecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* TCP ve UDP Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> SOCKS5’in temel bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan hem TCP hem de UDP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 destekler. Bu, DNS, VoIP ve di\u011fer UDP tabanl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n proxy \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.
\n* IPv4 ve IPv6 Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> Hem eski hem de yeni nesil IP protokolleriyle uyumludur.<\/p>\n

Dante’yi kullanarak, kurum i\u00e7i a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki belirli sunuculara veya hizmetlere d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00fcvenli eri\u015fim sa\u011flayabilir, belirli uygulamalar\u0131n internet trafi\u011fini merkezi bir noktadan y\u00f6netebilir veya hassas verilerin aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belirli g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131na tabi tutabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Dante Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u015eimdi Dante sunucusunu Ubuntu 20.04 sistemimize kurmaya ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n

1. Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncellemek ve mevcut paketleri y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemelerini alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
2. Dante Sunucusunu Kurma<\/h4>\n
Dante sunucusu Ubuntu’nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda bulunur, bu y\u00fczden kurulumu basittir:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install dante-server -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, dante-server<\/code> paketini ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize y\u00fckleyecektir.<\/p>\n
3. Dante Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 (danted.conf<\/code>) Olu\u015fturma\/D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n
Dante’nin kalbi, \/etc\/danted.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yer alan yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 genellikle \u00e7ok basittir veya yorum sat\u0131rlar\u0131yla doludur. En iyi uygulama, mevcut dosyay\u0131 yedekleyip yeni bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nce mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 yedekleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo mv \/etc\/danted.conf \/etc\/danted.conf.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi yeni bir bo\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/danted.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek yap\u0131land\u0131rma, hem g\u00fcvenlik hem de i\u015flevsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 sunar. Her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
# Dante SOCKS Proxy Sunucusu Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\n\n
Loglama ayarlar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Hatalar ve ba\u011flant\u0131 bilgileri \/var\/log\/syslog dosyas\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h2>\nlogoutput: syslog\n\n
Dahili (Internal) Aray\u00fcz Ayarlar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Proxy sunucusunun hangi IP adresleri ve portlar \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dinleyece\u011fini belirtir.<\/h2>\n
Bu \u00f6rnekte, proxy sunucusu t\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerdeki (0.0.0.0) 1080 numaral\u0131 TCP portunu dinleyecektir.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer belirli bir IP adresine ba\u011flamak isterseniz, 0.0.0.0 yerine sunucunuzun dahili IP adresini yaz\u0131n.<\/h2>\ninternal: 0.0.0.0 port = 1080\n\n
Harici (External) Aray\u00fcz Ayarlar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Proxy sunucusunun d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131 IP adresini belirtir.<\/h2>\n
Genellikle sunucunuzun genel IP adresidir. E\u011fer birden fazla aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz varsa,<\/h2>\n
proxy'nin internete \u00e7\u0131karken hangi aray\u00fcz\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buradan belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer tek bir aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz varsa, 'primary' ana aray\u00fcz\u00fc kullan\u0131r.<\/h2>\nexternal: primary\n\n
Kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemleri:<\/h2>\n
Bu \u00f6rnekte, hem 'username' (kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre) hem de 'none' (kimlik do\u011frulama yok) y\u00f6ntemleri desteklenmektedir.<\/h2>\n
G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in 'username' kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer sadece kimlik do\u011frulama ile eri\u015fime izin vermek isterseniz, 'none' k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n.<\/h2>\nsocksmethod: username none\n\n
Ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ve Ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Dante, g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/h2>\n
'user.privileged' genellikle root'tur.<\/h2>\n
'user.notprivileged' ise proxy i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h2>\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak 'dante' kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulur ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h2>\nuser.privileged: root\nuser.notprivileged: dante\n\n
Eri\u015fim Kontrol Kurallar\u0131 (ACL'ler):<\/h2>\n\n
1. \u0130stemci (Client) Kurallar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Kimlerin proxy sunucusuna ba\u011flanabilece\u011fini kontrol eder.<\/h2>\n\n
\u00d6rnek 1: Belirli bir alt a\u011fdan gelen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin ver.<\/h2>\n
from: 192.168.1.0\/24  # Bu alt a\u011fdan gelen istemciler<\/h2>\n
to: 0.0.0.0\/0        # Herhangi bir hedefe<\/h2>\n
port: 1-65535        # Herhangi bir port \u00fczerinden<\/h2>\n
client pass {<\/h2>\n
from: 192.168.1.0\/24 to: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/h2>\n
}<\/h2>\n\n
\u00d6rnek 2: T\u00fcm IP adreslerinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin ver.<\/h2>\n
D\u0130KKAT: Bu kural, proxy sunucunuzu internete a\u00e7ar.<\/h2>\n
Sadece g\u00fcvenilir istemci IP'lerini belirtmek \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/h2>\nclient pass {\n    from: 0.0.0.0\/0 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n    socksmethod: username\n}\n
Yukar\u0131daki kural, t\u00fcm IP'lerden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verir, ancak sadece 'username' metoduyla kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapanlar i\u00e7in.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer 'none' metodunu da kullanmak istiyorsan\u0131z ve belirli bir IP'den kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 olmadan eri\u015fime izin vermek istiyorsan\u0131z:<\/h2>\n
client pass {<\/h2>\n
from: 192.168.1.100\/32 to: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/h2>\n
socksmethod: none<\/h2>\n
}<\/h2>\n\n\n
2. SOCKS Kurallar\u0131:<\/h2>\n
Proxy \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanan istemcilerin nereye gidebilece\u011fini kontrol eder.<\/h2>\n\n
\u00d6rnek 1: Proxy \u00fczerinden t\u00fcm hedeflere ba\u011flant\u0131ya izin ver.<\/h2>\n
Bu kural, proxy'ye ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanan herhangi bir istemcinin<\/h2>\n
internetteki herhangi bir IP adresine ve porta ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/h2>\nsocks pass {\n    from: 0.0.0.0\/0 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n    socksmethod: username\n}\n
Yukar\u0131daki kural, t\u00fcm IP'lerden gelen ve 'username' ile kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapan t\u00fcm istemcilerin<\/h2>\n
herhangi bir hedefe ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/h2>\n
E\u011fer 'none' metoduyla gelen istemciler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 kurallar tan\u0131mlamak isterseniz:<\/h2>\n
socks pass {<\/h2>\n
from: 192.168.1.100\/32 to: 10.0.0.0\/8<\/h2>\n
socksmethod: none<\/h2>\n
}<\/h2>\n
Bu, 192.168.1.100 IP'sinden kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 olmadan gelenlerin sadece 10.0.0.0\/8 a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/h2>\n\n\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak t\u00fcm reddetme kurallar\u0131<\/h2>\n
Yukar\u0131daki 'pass' kurallar\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fmeyen her \u015fey reddedilecektir.<\/h2>\nclient block {\n    from: 0.0.0.0\/0 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n}\nsocks block {\n    from: 0.0.0.0\/0 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
*   logoutput: syslog<\/code><\/strong>: Dante’nin t\u00fcm loglar\u0131n\u0131 sistemin syslog<\/code> servisine g\u00f6ndermesini sa\u011flar. Bu, loglar\u0131 journalctl<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code> dosyas\u0131 \u00fczerinden kolayca izleyebilece\u011finiz anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n*   internal: 0.0.0.0 port = 1080<\/code><\/strong>: Bu sat\u0131r, Dante sunucusunun hangi IP adresleri ve portlar \u00fczerinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dinleyece\u011fini belirtir.
\n    *   0.0.0.0<\/code>: Sunucunun t\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerindeki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dinlemesi anlam\u0131na gelir. E\u011fer proxy’yi yaln\u0131zca belirli bir dahili IP adresinde dinlemesini istiyorsan\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin 192.168.1.5<\/code>), 0.0.0.0<\/code> yerine o IP adresini yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.
\n    *   port = 1080<\/code>: SOCKS proxy’leri i\u00e7in standart port 1080’dir, ancak istedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka bir portu da kullanabilirsiniz.
\n*   external: primary<\/code><\/strong>: Proxy sunucusunun d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in hangi a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. primary<\/code> ana aray\u00fcz\u00fc ifade eder. E\u011fer belirli bir IP adresini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z, primary<\/code> yerine o IP adresini yazabilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin external: 198.51.100.1<\/code>).
\n*   socksmethod: username none<\/code><\/strong>: Desteklenen kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemlerini tan\u0131mlar.
\n    *   username<\/code>: \u0130stemcilerin kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre ile kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.
\n    *   none<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 gerektirmez. Bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131rken \u00e7ok dikkatli olun ve sadece g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7 a\u011flarda veya belirli, g\u00fcvenilir istemci IP’leri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131n.
\n*   user.privileged: root<\/code><\/strong>: Dante servisinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kullanaca\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*   user.notprivileged: dante<\/code><\/strong>: Dante servisinin proxy isteklerini i\u015flerken kullanaca\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc proxy i\u015flemleri root yetkileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Dante kurulumu bu dante<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak olu\u015fturur.
\n*   client pass<\/code> kurallar\u0131<\/strong>: Bu kurallar, hangi istemcilerin Dante proxy sunucusuna ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin verildi\u011fini belirler.
\n    *   from: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/code>: Herhangi bir IP adresinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in, burada sadece proxy’ye eri\u015fmesi gereken belirli IP adreslerini veya alt a\u011flar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code>) belirtmeniz \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.
\n    *   to: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/code>: \u0130stemcinin proxy sunucusuna (yani internal<\/code> IP’ye) ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.
\n    *   socksmethod: username<\/code>: Bu kural\u0131n sadece kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131\/\u015fifre ile kimlik do\u011frulayan istemciler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu belirtir.
\n*   socks pass<\/code> kurallar\u0131<\/strong>: Bu kurallar, proxy’ye ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanan istemcilerin proxy \u00fczerinden hangi d\u0131\u015f hedeflere ba\u011flanabilece\u011fini belirler.
\n    *   from: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/code>: Proxy’ye ba\u011flanan herhangi bir istemci (bu, client pass<\/code> kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re zaten filtrelenmi\u015ftir).
\n    *   to: 0.0.0.0\/0<\/code>: Herhangi bir d\u0131\u015f hedefe (IP adresi ve port) ba\u011flanmaya izin verir. E\u011fer belirli hedeflere k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmek isterseniz, burada belirli IP adresleri veya alt a\u011flar belirtebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin to: 10.0.0.0\/8<\/code>).
\n*   client block<\/code> ve socks block<\/code><\/strong>: Bu bloklar, yukar\u0131daki pass<\/code> kurallar\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fmeyen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n varsay\u0131lan olarak reddedilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu, “her \u015feyi reddet, izin verilenleri kabul et” g\u00fcvenlik prensibini uygular.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek i\u00e7in CTRL+X<\/code>, ard\u0131ndan Y<\/code> ve Enter<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4. Dante Servisini Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, Dante servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart danted\nsudo systemctl enable danted<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dante servisinin durumunu kontrol ederek do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status danted<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Herhangi bir hata varsa, journalctl -u danted<\/code> komutuyla loglar\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
5. G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 (UFW) Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Dante sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, yaln\u0131zca gerekli portlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), Ubuntu’da g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan basit bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, Dante’nin dinledi\u011fi portu (\u00f6rne\u011fin 1080) a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir. E\u011fer client pass<\/code> kural\u0131n\u0131zda belirli IP adresleri tan\u0131mlad\u0131ysan\u0131z, UFW’de de ayn\u0131 IP’lerden eri\u015fime izin vermelisiniz.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm IP’lerden 1080 portuna eri\u015fime izin ver (D\u0130KKAT! Sadece g\u00fcvenli ortamlarda veya kimlik do\u011frulama ile kullan\u0131n):<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 1080\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sadece belirli bir IP adresinden veya alt a\u011fdan 1080 portuna eri\u015fime izin ver (\u00d6nerilen):<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 1080 proto tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, yaln\u0131zca 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code> alt a\u011f\u0131ndaki cihazlar\u0131n Dante proxy’sinin 1080 portuna TCP \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin verir. Kendi a\u011f yap\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re bu IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
UFW’nin etkin oldu\u011fundan ve kurallar\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable # E\u011fer UFW daha \u00f6nce etkinle\u015ftirilmediyse\nsudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
status<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda, 1080 portuna y\u00f6nelik izin verilen kural\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
6. Kimlik Do\u011frulama \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer danted.conf<\/code> dosyan\u0131zda socksmethod: username<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fini etkinle\u015ftirdiyseniz, proxy’ye ba\u011flanacak istemciler i\u00e7in bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar normal sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 gibi davranmaz, sadece Dante proxy’si i\u00e7in kimlik do\u011frulama amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
sudo adduser --no-create-home --shell \/usr\/sbin\/nologin danteuser<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   --no-create-home<\/code>: Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ev dizini olu\u015fturulmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   --shell \/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>: Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sisteme giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller, sadece proxy kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015fifre belirleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo passwd danteuser<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eifreyi iki kez girerek onaylay\u0131n. Art\u0131k danteuser<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve belirledi\u011finiz \u015fifre ile Dante proxy’sine ba\u011flanabilirsiniz. \u0130sterseniz birden fazla proxy kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Proxy Kullan\u0131m \u00d6rnekleri (\u0130stemci Taraf\u0131)<\/h3>\n
Dante sunucusunu ba\u015far\u0131yla kurup yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli istemci uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 bu proxy’yi kullanacak \u015fekilde ayarlayabilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n \u00f6rnekler:<\/p>\n
1. Web Taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (Firefox, Chrome)<\/h4>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu modern web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, SOCKS proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 destekler.<\/p>\n
Mozilla Firefox:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1.  Ayarlar (Preferences<\/code>) men\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131n.
\n2.  “A\u011f Ayarlar\u0131” (Network Settings<\/code>) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne gidin.
\n3.  “Ayarlar…” (Settings...<\/code>) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n4.  “Manuel Proxy Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131” (Manual proxy configuration<\/code>) se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretleyin.
\n5.  “SOCKS Host” alan\u0131na Dante sunucunuzun IP adresini (veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131) ve “Port” alan\u0131na 1080’i girin.
\n6.  “SOCKS v5” se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretleyin.
\n7.  “Uzak DNS’i SOCKS v5 \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6z” (Proxy DNS when using SOCKS v5<\/code>) se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretlemeniz \u00f6nerilir. Bu, DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n da proxy \u00fczerinden gitmesini sa\u011flar.
\n8.  Ayarlar\u0131 kaydedin. Taray\u0131c\u0131 sizden kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre isteyecektir (e\u011fer kimlik do\u011frulama etkinse).<\/p>\n
Google Chrome (ve Chromium tabanl\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131lar):<\/strong><\/p>\n
Chrome, do\u011frudan taray\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7i SOCKS ayarlar\u0131 sunmaz; bunun yerine sistemin proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Linux’ta bu genellikle komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131r veya sistem \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir proxy ayar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131rken:<\/p>\n
google-chrome --proxy-server=\"socks5:\/\/danteuser:password@YOUR_PROXY_IP:1080\" --host-resolver-rules=\"MAP * 0.0.0.0 , EXCLUDE YOUR_PROXY_IP\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   danteuser:password<\/code>: Proxy i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre.
\n*   YOUR_PROXY_IP<\/code>: Dante sunucunuzun IP adresi.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, Chrome’u belirli bir proxy ile ba\u015flatman\u0131n ge\u00e7ici bir yoludur. Kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in, sisteminizin genel proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
2. Terminal Uygulamalar\u0131 (curl, wget)<\/h4>\n
Bir\u00e7ok komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131, proxy ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenlerini kullanarak proxy \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabilir.<\/p>\n
# SOCKS proxy ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenini ayarlay\u0131n (kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre ile)\nexport SOCKS_SERVER=\"danteuser:password@YOUR_PROXY_IP:1080\"\n\n
veya kimlik do\u011frulama yoksa<\/h2>\n
export SOCKS_SERVER=\"YOUR_PROXY_IP:1080\"<\/h2>\n\n
curl ile proxy \u00fczerinden bir istek yap\u0131n<\/h2>\ncurl --socks5-hostname \"$SOCKS_SERVER\" http:\/\/ipinfo.io\/ip\n\n
wget ile proxy \u00fczerinden bir dosya indirin<\/h2>\nwget --socks-hostname=\"$SOCKS_SERVER\" http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.zip<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fkenleri kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in .bashrc<\/code> veya .profile<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
3. APT Paket Y\u00f6neticisi<\/h4>\n
APT’nin proxy \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/<\/code> dizininde bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/proxy.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin (kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre ile):<\/p>\n
Acquire {\n  SOCKS5Proxy \"socks5:\/\/danteuser:password@YOUR_PROXY_IP:1080\";\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kimlik do\u011frulama yoksa:<\/p>\n
Acquire {\n  SOCKS5Proxy \"socks5:\/\/YOUR_PROXY_IP:1080\";\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, sudo apt update<\/code> ve sudo apt install<\/code> gibi komutlar proxy \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Di\u011fer Uygulamalar (Telegram, Discord, vb.)<\/h4>\n
Bir\u00e7ok masa\u00fcst\u00fc ve mobil uygulama, kendi proxy ayarlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sahiptir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
*   Telegram:<\/strong> Ayarlar -> Veri ve Depolama -> Proxy Ayarlar\u0131 -> SOCKS5 proxy ekle.
\n*   Discord:<\/strong> Genellikle sistem proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r veya do\u011frudan proxy ayar\u0131 sunmaz.<\/p>\n
Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n belgelerini kontrol ederek proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n nerede bulundu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
5. SSH ile Port Y\u00f6nlendirme (Dynamic Port Forwarding)<\/h4>\n
Dante’nin do\u011frudan bir alternatifi olmasa da, SSH’nin dinamik port y\u00f6nlendirme \u00f6zelli\u011fi (SOCKS proxy gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r) de \u00f6zel ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
ssh -D 1080 -N -f user@your_ssh_server_ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, yerel 1080 portunda bir SOCKS proxy ba\u015flat\u0131r ve t\u00fcm trafi\u011fi your_ssh_server_ip<\/code> adresindeki SSH sunucusu \u00fczerinden y\u00f6nlendirir. Ancak, bu tek bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr ve Dante gibi \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131, merkezi bir proxy sunucusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Dante’nin esnekli\u011fi, daha karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmalara olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Birden Fazla Aray\u00fcz\/IP Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda birden fazla a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fc veya IP adresi varsa, internal<\/code> ve external<\/code> kurallar\u0131n\u0131 buna g\u00f6re ayarlayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
# Proxy 192.168.1.100 adresindeki 1080 portunu dinler\ninternal: 192.168.1.100 port = 1080\n
Proxy 10.0.0.50 adresindeki 1080 portunu dinler (ikinci bir giri\u015f noktas\u0131)<\/h2>\ninternal: 10.0.0.50 port = 1080\n\n
Proxy d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7\u0131karken 198.51.100.1 IP adresini kullan\u0131r<\/h2>\nexternal: 198.51.100.1<\/code><\/pre>\n
Eri\u015fim Kontrol\u00fc Detaylar\u0131<\/h4>\n
client pass<\/code>, socks pass<\/code>, client block<\/code> ve socks block<\/code> kurallar\u0131 \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n
# Sadece 192.168.1.0\/24 a\u011f\u0131ndaki istemcilerin proxy'ye ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin ver, kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 zorunlu.\nclient pass {\n    from: 192.168.1.0\/24 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n    socksmethod: username\n}\n\n
Proxy'ye ba\u011flanan istemcilerin sadece 172.16.0.0\/16 a\u011f\u0131na ve 80\/443 portlar\u0131na eri\u015fmesine izin ver.<\/h2>\nsocks pass {\n    from: 0.0.0.0\/0 to: 172.16.0.0\/16 port 80,443\n    socksmethod: username\n}\n\n
Belirli bir IP adresinin (192.168.1.5) proxy'ye ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelle.<\/h2>\nclient block {\n    from: 192.168.1.5\/32 to: 0.0.0.0\/0\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurallar yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru okunur ve ilk e\u015fle\u015fen kural uygulan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, daha spesifik kurallar\u0131 daha genel kurallardan \u00f6nce tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcnl\u00fckleme (Logging)<\/h4>\n
logoutput<\/code> ayar\u0131 ile loglar\u0131n nereye yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   logoutput: syslog<\/code>: Varsay\u0131lan ve \u00f6nerilen. Loglar sistemin genel log dosyalar\u0131na (\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code> veya journalctl<\/code>) gider.
\n*   logoutput: \/var\/log\/dante.log<\/code>: Loglar\u0131 belirtilen bir dosyaya yazar. Bu durumda dosya izinlerini ve boyutunu manuel olarak y\u00f6netmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
Loglar\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -u danted -f\n
veya<\/h2>\nsudo tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n
Performans \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   timeout<\/code> ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> danted.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda timeout.connect<\/code>, timeout.io<\/code>, timeout.session<\/code> gibi ayarlar yaparak ba\u011flant\u0131 zaman a\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilirsiniz. Bu, \u00f6zellikle yava\u015f veya karars\u0131z a\u011flarda performans\u0131 etkileyebilir.
\n*   Donan\u0131m:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek trafik bekliyorsan\u0131z, yeterli CPU, RAM ve a\u011f bant geni\u015fli\u011fine sahip bir sunucu kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   En Az Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k Prensibi:<\/strong> Dante’nin ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (varsay\u0131lan olarak dante<\/code>) zaten iyi bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemidir.
\n*   G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama:<\/strong> Daima username<\/code> kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, tahmin edilemez \u015fifreler belirleyin.
\n*   S\u0131k\u0131 UFW Kurallar\u0131:<\/strong> Yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvenilir IP adreslerinin proxy portuna eri\u015fmesine izin verin. sudo ufw status<\/code> ile kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin.
\n*   S\u0131k\u0131 ACL’ler:<\/strong> client pass<\/code> ve socks pass<\/code> kurallar\u0131n\u0131, proxy’ye kimlerin ve nereye eri\u015febilece\u011fini en az ayr\u0131cal\u0131k ilkesine g\u00f6re k\u0131s\u0131tlayacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n.
\n*   G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri \u0130zleyin:<\/strong> Dante loglar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol ederek anormal aktivite veya yetkisiz eri\u015fim denemelerini tespit edin.
\n*   TLS\/SSL ile SOCKS:<\/strong> E\u011fer SOCKS trafi\u011finizin \u015fifrelenmesini istiyorsan\u0131z, Dante do\u011frudan TLS\/SSL \u015fifrelemesi sa\u011flamaz. Ancak, trafi\u011fi Stunnel gibi bir ara\u00e7la \u015fifreleyip ard\u0131ndan Dante’ye y\u00f6nlendirebilirsiniz. Bu daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmad\u0131r ve ek bir \u015fifreleme katman\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme (Troubleshooting)<\/h3>\n
Dante kurulumunuzda bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek sorunu te\u015fhis edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
1.  Dante Servis Durumu:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status danted<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Servisin active (running)<\/code> olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer de\u011filse, hata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.<\/p>\n
2.  Dante Loglar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -u danted --since \"5 minutes ago\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    veya<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog | grep danted<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Hata mesajlar\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rma sorunlar\u0131 veya ba\u011flant\u0131 denemeleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n
3.  A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve Port Dinleme:<\/strong>
\n    Dante’nin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan portu dinleyip dinlemedi\u011fini kontrol edin (varsay\u0131lan 1080):<\/p>\n
sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 1080<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN \/danted<\/code> benzeri bir sat\u0131r g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E\u011fer g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, Dante servisi do\u011fru ba\u015flat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f veya yanl\u0131\u015f portta yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n
4.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 (danted.conf<\/code>) Hatalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda yaz\u0131m hatalar\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zdizimi veya eksik b\u00f6l\u00fcmler, Dante’nin ba\u015flamamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra servisi yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
5.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Kurallar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dante’nin dinledi\u011fi porta eri\u015fime izin veren bir kural\u0131n oldu\u011fundan emin olun. E\u011fer UFW etkinse ve kural yoksa, ba\u011flant\u0131lar reddedilecektir.<\/p>\n
6.  \u0130stemci Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130stemci taraf\u0131nda (taray\u0131c\u0131, terminal, vb.) proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru girdi\u011finizden emin olun. IP adresi, port, SOCKS5 se\u00e7ene\u011fi ve kimlik bilgileri (varsa) do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7.  Kimlik Do\u011frulama Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    E\u011fer username<\/code> kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, danteuser<\/code> i\u00e7in belirledi\u011finiz \u015fifrenin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun. sudo passwd danteuser<\/code> komutuyla \u015fifreyi yeniden ayarlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlar, \u00e7o\u011fu Dante kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Ubuntu 20.04 \u00fczerinde Dante SOCKS proxy sunucusunu \u00f6zel ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele ald\u0131k. Dante’nin esnekli\u011fi, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri ve TCP\/UDP deste\u011fi sayesinde, a\u011f trafi\u011finizi y\u00f6netmek, belirli kaynaklara g\u00fcvenli eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak veya uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f gizlilik sunmak gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir kurulum i\u00e7in sistem g\u00fcncellemelerinden ba\u015flayarak, Dante sunucusunun kurulumuna, danted.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131na ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya kadar t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m uygulad\u0131k. Ayr\u0131ca, web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve terminal ara\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli istemcilerde proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdik.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki bir proxy sunucusu kurarken g\u00fcvenlik en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemleri kullanmak, eri\u015fim kontrol listelerini (ACL’ler) s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 en az ayr\u0131cal\u0131k ilkesine g\u00f6re uygulamak, proxy sunucunuzu yetkisiz eri\u015fimden koruman\u0131n anahtar\u0131d\u0131r. Dante’nin loglar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak izlemek de olas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ihlallerini erken tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dante ile \u00f6zel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z art\u0131k daha g\u00fcvenli ve kontrol edilebilir bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu rehberin, a\u011f altyap\u0131n\u0131zda Dante’yi etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanman\u0131z i\u00e7in size sa\u011flam bir temel sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Dante Proxy Kurulumu\nBu makale, Ubuntu 20.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Dante SOCKS proxy sunucusun","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36428","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 20.04 \u00dczerinde \u00d6zel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Dante Proxy Kurulumu - 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