{"id":36330,"date":"2025-12-13T19:40:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-13T16:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36330"},"modified":"2025-12-13T19:40:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T16:40:39","slug":"ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu 22.04, modern Linux sistemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve bellek yetersizli\u011fi durumlar\u0131nda sistemi kararl\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in sanal bellek (swap alan\u0131) kullanma yetene\u011fine sahiptir. RAM (Rastgele Eri\u015fim Belle\u011fi) yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fletim sistemi disk \u00fczerindeki \u00f6nceden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alan\u0131 RAM gibi kullanmaya ba\u015flar. Bu alana “swap alan\u0131” denir. Geleneksel olarak swap alan\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak olu\u015fturulurken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde swap dosyalar\u0131 daha yayg\u0131n ve esnek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu rehberde, Ubuntu 22.04 sisteminize nas\u0131l bir swap dosyas\u0131 ekleyece\u011finizi, etkinle\u015ftirece\u011finizi, kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirece\u011finizi ve optimize edece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Swap Alan\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyulur?<\/h3>\n

Sanal bellek veya swap alan\u0131, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n fiziksel RAM’i doldu\u011funda i\u015fletim sisteminin kullanabilece\u011fi bir t\u00fcr “yedek” bellek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. RAM, i\u015flemci taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan eri\u015filen, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici bir depolama birimidir. Ancak RAM’in kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Birden fazla uygulama \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalarla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya sisteminiz yo\u011fun bellek kullanan i\u015flemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finde RAM dolabilir.<\/p>\n

RAM doldu\u011funda, i\u015fletim sistemi daha az kullan\u0131lan veya beklemede olan bellek sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 (veri bloklar\u0131n\u0131) sabit diskinizde \u00f6zel olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alana ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu i\u015fleme “swapping” veya “sayfalama” denir. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funda, bu veriler tekrar RAM’e geri y\u00fcklenir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sistemin kilitlenmesini veya yava\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek daha fazla uygulaman\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r ve genel sistem kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131n Faydalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Sistem Kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> RAM yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesini veya donmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.
\n* \u00c7oklu G\u00f6rev Yetene\u011fi:<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 anda daha fazla uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.
\n* Performans Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle bellek yo\u011fun uygulamalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken sistemin tepki s\u00fcresini korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n* Hibernasyon Deste\u011fi (Baz\u0131 Durumlarda):<\/strong> Baz\u0131 sistemlerde, hibernasyon (uyku modu) i\u00e7in RAM i\u00e7eri\u011finin tamam\u0131n\u0131n diske yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir ve bu genellikle swap alan\u0131 kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak swap dosyalar\u0131 yerine swap b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri bu senaryo i\u00e7in daha yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 22.04 kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda genellikle otomatik olarak bir swap alan\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. Ancak bu, genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu bir swap dosyas\u0131d\u0131r veya baz\u0131 durumlarda hi\u00e7 olu\u015fturulmayabilir. E\u011fer sisteminizde bellek yetersizli\u011fi uyar\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131yorsan\u0131z veya daha iyi bir performans ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z, manuel olarak bir swap alan\u0131 eklemek veya mevcut olan\u0131 geni\u015fletmek iyi bir fikir olabilir.<\/p>\n

Swap Alan\u0131 Eklemeden \u00d6nce Bilmeniz Gerekenler<\/h3>\n

Swap alan\u0131 ekleme i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kontrol yapman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

1. Mevcut Swap Durumunu Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n

Sisteminizde zaten bir swap alan\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bunu swapon<\/code> veya free<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

sudo swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, etkin olan t\u00fcm swap alanlar\u0131n\u0131 listeler. E\u011fer herhangi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, sisteminizde \u015fu anda etkin bir swap alan\u0131 yok demektir.<\/p>\n
Alternatif olarak, genel bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren free<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “Swap” sat\u0131r\u0131na bak\u0131n. “Total” s\u00fctunu toplam swap alan\u0131n\u0131, “Used” kullan\u0131lan alan\u0131 ve “Free” bo\u015f alan\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. E\u011fer “Total” de\u011feri 0B ise, sisteminizde swap alan\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
2. Disk Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n
Yeni bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yeterli bo\u015f disk alan\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011fundan emin olman\u0131z gerekir. Swap dosyas\u0131, sisteminizin k\u00f6k (\/) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya ba\u015fka bir uygun b\u00f6l\u00fcmde olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r. Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in df<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinizin boyutunu, kullan\u0131lan alan\u0131, bo\u015f alan\u0131 ve ba\u011flama noktas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (genellikle \/<\/code>) yeterli bo\u015f alan oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
3. Root Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Swap alan\u0131 ile ilgili t\u00fcm i\u015flemler root ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 gerektirir. Bu nedenle, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu sudo<\/code> \u00f6n ekiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Swap Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in fallocate<\/code> komutunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu komut, belirtilen boyutta bir dosya olu\u015fturur ve an\u0131nda diske yer ay\u0131r\u0131r, bu da dd<\/code> komutuna g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Swap Dosyas\u0131 Boyutunu Belirleme<\/h4>\n
Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n boyutu, sisteminizin RAM miktar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f baz\u0131 y\u00f6nergeler:<\/p>\n
*   RAM < 2 GB:<\/strong> Swap alan\u0131 RAM’in 2 kat\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (\u00d6rn: 1 GB RAM i\u00e7in 2 GB swap)
\n*   RAM > 2 GB ve < 8 GB:<\/strong> Swap alan\u0131 RAM kadar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (\u00d6rn: 4 GB RAM i\u00e7in 4 GB swap)
\n*   RAM > 8 GB:<\/strong> Swap alan\u0131 RAM’in yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar veya sabit 4-8 GB olabilir. (\u00d6rn: 16 GB RAM i\u00e7in 8 GB swap genellikle yeterlidir.)
\n*   Hibernasyon Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> E\u011fer hibernasyon \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z, swap alan\u0131 en az RAM boyutunda veya biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu rehberde, 4 GB boyutunda bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z. Siz kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re boyutu ayarlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo fallocate -l 4G \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   sudo<\/code>: Komutu root ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   fallocate<\/code>: Bir dosya i\u00e7in disk alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden ay\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   -l 4G<\/code>: 4 Gigabayt (G) boyutunda bir dosya olu\u015fturur. (\u0130sterseniz 8G<\/code> veya 2G<\/code> gibi farkl\u0131 boyutlar belirleyebilirsiniz.)
\n*   \/swapfile<\/code>: Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 konum ve ad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Alternatif (dd komutu):<\/strong> E\u011fer fallocate<\/code> komutu sisteminizde yoksa veya sanal bir makinede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve fallocate<\/code> ile sorun ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, dd<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. dd<\/code> komutu daha yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 diske yazar.<\/p>\n
sudo dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/swapfile bs=1G count=4<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   if=\/dev\/zero<\/code>: Giri\u015f dosyas\u0131 olarak s\u0131f\u0131rlarla dolu bir sanal cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131r.
\n*   of=\/swapfile<\/code>: \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \/swapfile<\/code> olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   bs=1G<\/code>: Her bir blok i\u00e7in 1 Gigabayt boyutunda bir blok boyutu belirler.
\n*   count=4<\/code>: Toplamda 4 blok kopyalanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir, bu da 4 GB’l\u0131k bir dosya olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Dosyan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ls -lh \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da dosya boyutunu ve ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz, \u00f6rne\u011fin: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0G Mar 15 10:30 \/swapfile<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Swap Dosyas\u0131na \u0130zinleri Ayarlama<\/h3>\n
Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Sadece root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu dosyay\u0131 okuma ve yazma iznine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bu dosyaya eri\u015fimini engellemek, hassas sistem verilerinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n
\u0130zinleri ayarlamak i\u00e7in chmod<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo chmod 600 \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   chmod<\/code>: Dosya izinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirir.
\n*   600<\/code>: Dosya sahibi i\u00e7in okuma (4) ve yazma (2) izinleri (toplam 6), di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in ise hi\u00e7bir izin (0) anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zinlerin do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ls -lh \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da izinlerin -rw-------<\/code> olarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz, bu da sadece root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n okuma ve yazma iznine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Swap Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Swap Alan\u0131 Olarak Bi\u00e7imlendirme<\/h3>\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz dosyay\u0131 bir swap alan\u0131 olarak kullanabilmek i\u00e7in Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011finin anlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir formata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemiz gerekir. Bu i\u015flemi mkswap<\/code> komutuyla yapar\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo mkswap \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, \/swapfile<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir swap alan\u0131 olarak i\u015faretler ve gerekli meta verileri yazar. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131, swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, boyutunu ve bir UUID (Evrensel Benzersiz Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131) gibi bilgileri i\u00e7erecektir:<\/p>\n
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4294963200 bytes)\nno label, UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h3>\n
Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendirdikten sonra, sistemi bu alan\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirmemiz gerekir. Bunu swapon<\/code> komutuyla yapar\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo swapon \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 hemen etkinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla etkinle\u015ftirildi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in swapon --show<\/code> veya free -h<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo swapon --show<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da \/swapfile<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131, boyutunu ve \u00f6nceli\u011fini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
NAME      TYPE  SIZE USED PRIO\n\/swapfile file  4G   0B   -2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya free -h<\/code> komutuyla:<\/p>\n
free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “Swap” sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki “Total” de\u011ferinin 4 GB (veya belirledi\u011finiz boyut) oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nemli Not:<\/strong> Bu ad\u0131mda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ge\u00e7icidir. Sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, swap alan\u0131 otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fmeyecektir. Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n her ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131 uygulaman\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kal\u0131c\u0131 Hale Getirme (fstab)<\/h3>\n
Sistemin her ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve etkinle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na bir giri\u015f eklememiz gerekir. Bu dosya, sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda hangi dosya sistemlerinin ve swap alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n
1. fstab Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Yedekleme<\/h4>\n
Herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan \u00f6nce \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 yedeklemek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, yanl\u0131\u015f bir giri\u015f yapman\u0131z durumunda sistemi kurtarman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo cp \/etc\/fstab \/etc\/fstab.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. fstab Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyiciyle a\u00e7\u0131n. nano<\/code> veya vi<\/code> gibi bir d\u00fczenleyici kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sat\u0131r\u0131n anlam\u0131:
\n*   \/swapfile<\/code>: Swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n*   none<\/code>: Dosya sistemi ba\u011flama noktas\u0131, swap i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir.
\n*   swap<\/code>: Dosya sistemi t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak swap oldu\u011funu belirtir.
\n*   sw<\/code>: Swap alan\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u011flama se\u00e7enekleri.
\n*   0<\/code>: dump<\/code> komutu taraf\u0131ndan yedeklenip yedeklenmeyece\u011fini belirtir (0 = yedekleme).
\n*   0<\/code>: Sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda fsck<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilip edilmeyece\u011fini belirtir (0 = kontrol etme).<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Nano i\u00e7in Ctrl+O<\/code>, Enter<\/code>, Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n
3. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu test etmek i\u00e7in, sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo mount -a<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan t\u00fcm dosya sistemlerini (ve swap alanlar\u0131n\u0131) yeniden ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 almazsan\u0131z, giri\u015finiz muhtemelen do\u011frudur. Herhangi bir hata al\u0131rsan\u0131z, \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve hatay\u0131 d\u00fczeltin.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n ve swap alan\u0131n\u0131n otomatik olarak etkinle\u015fti\u011fini free -h<\/code> komutuyla kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n
free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n
Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n hala etkin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: Swap Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 Optimize Etme (Swappiness ve VFS Cache Pressure)<\/h3>\n
Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, swap alan\u0131n\u0131n ne zaman ve ne kadar kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden baz\u0131 ayarlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu ayarlar\u0131 optimize ederek sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rabilirsiniz. En \u00f6nemli iki ayar swappiness<\/code> ve vfs_cache_pressure<\/code>‘d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. Swappiness Ayar\u0131<\/h4>\n
swappiness<\/code> de\u011feri, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin RAM’deki verileri ne kadar agresif bir \u015fekilde swap alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. De\u011fer 0 ile 100 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   swappiness = 0<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, RAM tamamen dolana kadar (\u00e7ok acil durumlar hari\u00e7) verileri swap’a yazmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r. Bu, masa\u00fcst\u00fc sistemler i\u00e7in genellikle iyi bir ayard\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc disk G\/\u00c7’sini azaltarak tepki s\u00fcresini art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   swappiness = 100<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, verileri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca s\u0131k swap alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu, sunucular gibi bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ancak tepki s\u00fcresinin daha az kritik oldu\u011fu durumlar i\u00e7in uygun olabilir.
\n*   Varsay\u0131lan (swappiness = 60<\/code>):<\/strong> \u00c7o\u011fu Ubuntu sisteminde varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer 60’t\u0131r. Bu, RAM’in yakla\u015f\u0131k %40’\u0131 bo\u015fken bile \u00e7ekirde\u011fin swap yapmaya ba\u015flayabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut swappiness<\/code> de\u011ferini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
cat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/code><\/pre>\n
Masa\u00fcst\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle 10 veya 20 gibi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir swappiness<\/code> de\u011feri \u00f6nerilir. Bu, sistemin daha uzun s\u00fcre RAM’i kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve disk G\/\u00c7’sini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ici olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik sadece mevcut oturum i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/strong>
\n\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
vm.swappiness=10<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri hemen uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. VFS Cache Pressure Ayar\u0131<\/h4>\n
vfs_cache_pressure<\/code> de\u011feri, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin inode ve dentry \u00f6nbelleklerini (dosya sistemi meta verileri) ne kadar agresif bir \u015fekilde geri kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. De\u011fer 0 ile 100 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   vfs_cache_pressure = 0<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, inode ve dentry \u00f6nbelleklerini neredeyse hi\u00e7 geri kazanmaz, bu da \u00e7ok fazla RAM kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilir.
\n*   vfs_cache_pressure = 100<\/code> (Varsay\u0131lan):<\/strong> \u00c7ekirdek, inode ve dentry \u00f6nbelleklerini h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geri kazan\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6nbelleklerin RAM’de \u00e7ok fazla yer kaplamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ancak dosya sistemi i\u015flemlerinde performans\u0131 biraz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut vfs_cache_pressure<\/code> de\u011ferini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
cat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/vfs_cache_pressure<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu sistemde varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer 100’d\u00fcr. Genellikle bu de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye gerek yoktur, ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda 50 gibi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir de\u011fer, dosya sistemi \u00f6nbelleklerinin RAM’de daha uzun s\u00fcre kalmas\u0131na izin vererek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ici olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo sysctl vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/strong>
\n\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin ve vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin (veya mevcutsa de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri hemen uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Kald\u0131rma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
E\u011fer gelecekte swap alan\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmak isterseniz veya boyutunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ba\u015ftan ba\u015flamak isterseniz, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
1. Swap Alan\u0131n\u0131 Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, etkin olan swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo swapoff \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. fstab Giri\u015fini Silme<\/h4>\n
\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek \/swapfile<\/code> ile ilgili sat\u0131r\u0131 silin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 bulun ve silin:<\/p>\n
\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3. Swap Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Silme<\/h4>\n
Son olarak, swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 diskten silin:<\/p>\n
sudo rm \/swapfile<\/code><\/pre>\n
Swap alan\u0131n\u0131n tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in free -h<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme ve Yayg\u0131n Hatalar<\/h3>\n
Swap alan\u0131 eklerken veya y\u00f6netirken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   “fallocate: \/swapfile: No space left on device” hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Bu hata, swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak istedi\u011finiz disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeterli bo\u015f alan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. df -h<\/code> komutuyla disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin ve gereksiz dosyalar\u0131 silerek yer a\u00e7\u0131n veya daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun.
\n*   “mkswap: \/swapfile: Permission denied” hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Bu genellikle chmod 600 \/swapfile<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya sudo<\/code> kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelir. Dosya izinlerini do\u011fru ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n*   “swapon: \/swapfile: read swap header failed: Invalid argument” hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Bu hata, swap dosyas\u0131n\u0131n mkswap<\/code> komutuyla do\u011fru \u015fekilde bi\u00e7imlendirilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. sudo mkswap \/swapfile<\/code> komutunu tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n*   Sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra swap etkinle\u015fmiyor:<\/strong> \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki giri\u015fin do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Yaz\u0131m hatalar\u0131 veya yanl\u0131\u015f parametreler bu soruna neden olabilir. sudo mount -a<\/code> komutuyla fstab giri\u015fini test edin.
\n*   “dd: failed to open ‘\/swapfile’: Permission denied” hatas\u0131:<\/strong> dd<\/code> komutunu sudo<\/code> ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n*   Swap alan\u0131 beklenen performans\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131yor:<\/strong> swappiness<\/code> ve vfs_cache_pressure<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin. Bazen \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck swappiness<\/code> de\u011feri, sistemin RAM’i a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede doldurmas\u0131na ve anl\u0131k olarak yava\u015flamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Optimizasyon ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi sisteminize ve kullan\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re denemek en iyisidir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 22.04 sisteminize swap alan\u0131 eklemek, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 RAM’e sahipseniz veya bellek yo\u011fun uygulamalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z, sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir. Bu rehberde, bir swap dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktan, izinlerini ayarlamaya, bi\u00e7imlendirmeye, etkinle\u015ftirmeye ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmeye kadar t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Ayr\u0131ca, swappiness<\/code> ve vfs_cache_pressure<\/code> gibi \u00e7ekirdek parametrelerini optimize ederek swap kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ayarlamay\u0131 da \u00f6\u011frendik.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki swap alan\u0131, RAM’in yerini tutmaz; sadece bir yedekleme mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, sisteminize fiziksel RAM eklemek her zaman en iyi performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ancak, fiziksel bellek ekleyemedi\u011finiz durumlarda veya ek bir performans katman\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in swap alan\u0131 m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Her ad\u0131mda sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanmaya ve dosya izinlerine dikkat etmeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterin. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip ederek Ubuntu 22.04 sisteminizin daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi\nUbuntu 22.04, modern Linux sistemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve bellek ye","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36330","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi Ubuntu 22.04, modern Linux sistemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve bellek ye\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-13T16:40:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-13T16:40:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\"},\"wordCount\":2661,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-swap-alani-ekleme-rehberi\/\",\"name\":\"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Swap Alan\u0131 Ekleme Rehberi - 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