{"id":36249,"date":"2025-12-11T13:40:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T10:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36249"},"modified":"2025-12-11T13:40:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T10:40:47","slug":"apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/","title":{"rendered":"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h2>\n

Bir web sunucusunun kalbi, web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu web k\u00f6k dizinidir. Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Apache web sunucusu Ubuntu sistemlerinde \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizinini web k\u00f6k dizini olarak kullan\u0131r. Ancak, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bu varsay\u0131lan konumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bu nedenler aras\u0131nda disk alan\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015feleri, daha iyi organizasyon veya web i\u00e7eri\u011finiz i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir depolama birimi kullanma ihtiyac\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Bu teknik makalede, Ubuntu 16.04 i\u015fletim sisteminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Apache web sunucusunun web k\u00f6k dizinini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yeni bir konuma nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, dikkatli planlama ve uygulama gerektiren kritik bir i\u015flemdir. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma, web sitenizin eri\u015filemez hale gelmesine veya g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu nedenle, ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip etmek ve herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan \u00f6nce her zaman yedek almak hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Neden Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h3>\n

Web k\u00f6k dizinini ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n birden fazla pratik nedeni vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Disk Alan\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun ana diski (genellikle \/<\/code>) dolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla alana sahip ayr\u0131 bir diske veya b\u00f6l\u00fcme ta\u015f\u0131mak gerekebilir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck medya dosyalar\u0131 veya \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen i\u00e7erik bar\u0131nd\u0131ran siteler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Web dosyalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fletim sistemi dosyalar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131mak, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik ihlallerinin etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, web dizininin k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 bir dosya sisteminde izole edilmesi, sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyini azaltabilir.
\n* Organizasyon ve Bak\u0131m:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 y\u00f6neticiler, t\u00fcm web sitelerini belirli bir yap\u0131 alt\u0131nda (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/srv\/www<\/code> veya \/data\/web<\/code>) toplamak isteyebilirler. Bu, birden fazla web sitesi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rken y\u00f6netimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.
\n* Y\u00fcksek Performansl\u0131 Depolama:<\/strong> Web sitenizin statik i\u00e7eri\u011fini veya veritaban\u0131 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir depolama birimine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir SSD) ta\u015f\u0131mak, site performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelere sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 16.04 i\u015fletim sistemi y\u00fckl\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir sunucu.
\n* Apache2 web sunucusu y\u00fckl\u00fc ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.
\n* sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131.
\n* Temel Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi.
\n* Ta\u015f\u0131mak istedi\u011finiz web i\u00e7eri\u011finin mevcut konumu hakk\u0131nda bilgi. (Varsay\u0131lan olarak \/var\/www\/html<\/code>.)<\/p>\n

Mevcut Apache Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Anlama<\/h3>\n

Apache, web k\u00f6k dizinini birden fazla yerde tan\u0131mlayabilir. Genellikle, bu tan\u0131m sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n

* Varsay\u0131lan Web K\u00f6k Dizini:<\/strong> Ubuntu’da Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan web k\u00f6k dizini \/var\/www\/html<\/code>‘dir.
\n* Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n * apache2.conf<\/code>: Ana Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. DocumentRoot<\/code> ve <\/code> y\u00f6nergeleri burada genel olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir, ancak genellikle sanal host dosyalar\u0131nda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilir.
\n * sites-available\/<\/code>: Bu dizin, sunucunuzdaki her bir sanal host i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, varsay\u0131lan sanal host i\u00e7in 000-default.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131 bulunur. Etkin sanal hostlar, sites-enabled\/<\/code> dizinine sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131r.
\n* apachectl -S<\/code> Komutu:<\/strong> Bu komut, Apache’nin t\u00fcm sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve DocumentRoot<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 listelemenizi sa\u011flar. Bu, hangi sanal hostun hangi dizini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca anlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, mevcut DocumentRoot<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n

sudo apachectl -S<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda, DocumentRoot<\/code> sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 aray\u0131n. Varsay\u0131lan olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
VirtualHost configuration:\n*:80                   is a NameVirtualHost\n         default server your_server_ip (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/000-default.conf:1)\n         port 80 namevhost your_server_ip (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/000-default.conf:1)\n                 DocumentRoot: \"\/var\/www\/html\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, 000-default.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizinini DocumentRoot<\/code> olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma Planlamas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun:<\/p>\n
1.  Yeni Konum Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> Web i\u00e7eri\u011finiz i\u00e7in yeni bir dizin se\u00e7in. Bu dizin genellikle \/srv\/www<\/code>, \/opt\/web<\/code> veya hatta kullan\u0131c\u0131 ev dizininin alt\u0131nda bir yer olabilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/home\/kullanici_adi\/public_html<\/code>). Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz konumun yeterli disk alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Bu rehberde \u00f6rnek olarak \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code> konumunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.
\n2.  Yedekleme Stratejisi:<\/strong> Herhangi bir kritik i\u015flemi yapmadan \u00f6nce, mevcut web i\u00e7eri\u011finizin ve Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n tam bir yede\u011fini al\u0131n. Bu, herhangi bir sorun durumunda geri d\u00f6nebilmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi, Apache web k\u00f6k dizinini yeni bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131ma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak inceleyelim.<\/p>\n
1. Yedekleme<\/h4>\n
Yedekleme, bu s\u00fcrecin en kritik ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Hem web i\u00e7eri\u011finizi hem de Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yedeklemelisiniz.<\/p>\n
*   Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fini Yedekleme:<\/strong>
\n    Mevcut web i\u00e7eri\u011finizin bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n. Varsay\u0131lan olarak \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizinindedir.<\/p>\n
sudo cp -R \/var\/www\/html \/var\/www\/html_yedek<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Veya bir tar ar\u015fivi olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo tar -czvf \/root\/web_icerigi_yedek_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Yedekleme:<\/strong>
\n    Apache’nin t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma dizinini yedekleyin.<\/p>\n
sudo cp -R \/etc\/apache2 \/etc\/apache2_yedek<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Veya bir tar ar\u015fivi olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo tar -czvf \/root\/apache_yapilandirma_yedek_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \/etc\/apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu yedekler, herhangi bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131z durumunda sunucunuzu \u00f6nceki durumuna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmenizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Apache’yi Durdurma<\/h4>\n
Dosyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131madan ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce Apache hizmetini durdurmak \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, dosya kilitlenmelerini \u00f6nler ve tutarl\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache’nin durdu\u011funu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Active: inactive (dead)<\/code> g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
3. Yeni Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Olu\u015fturma ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, web i\u00e7eri\u011finiz i\u00e7in yeni dizini olu\u015fturun ve mevcut i\u00e7eri\u011fi bu yeni konuma ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n.<\/p>\n
*   Yeni Dizini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    \u00d6rnek olarak \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code> dizinini olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fini Ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/strong>
\n    Mevcut web i\u00e7eri\u011finizi (\/var\/www\/html<\/code>) yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz dizine ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo mv \/var\/www\/html\/* \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, \/var\/www\/html<\/code> i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri yeni konuma ta\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizininin kendisini ta\u015f\u0131mak isterseniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, yeni konumda html<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dizin olarak), komut \u015f\u00f6yle olurdu:<\/p>\n
sudo mv \/var\/www\/html \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu durumda DocumentRoot<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131z \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/html<\/code> olacakt\u0131r. Biz ilk senaryoyu tercih ederek \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code> i\u00e7ine do\u011frudan dosyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131k.<\/p>\n
4. Yeni Dizin \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zinleri Ayarlama<\/h4>\n
Apache’nin yeni web k\u00f6k dizinine eri\u015febilmesi ve dosyalar\u0131 okuyabilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru dosya sahipli\u011fi ve izinleri ayarlaman\u0131z gerekir. Apache genellikle www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*   Sahipli\u011fi Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n    Web i\u00e7eri\u011finizin yeni dizininin sahipli\u011fini www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ve grubuna atay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   \u0130zinleri Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n    Dizinler i\u00e7in genellikle 755<\/code> (okuma, yazma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sahibi i\u00e7in; okuma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma grup ve di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in) ve dosyalar i\u00e7in 644<\/code> (okuma ve yazma sahibi i\u00e7in; okuma grup ve di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in) izinleri \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
sudo find \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \\;\n    sudo find \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \\;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutlar, yeni web k\u00f6k dizinindeki t\u00fcm dizinlere 755<\/code> ve t\u00fcm dosyalara 644<\/code> izinlerini uygular. Bu, Apache’nin i\u00e7eri\u011fi sunabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli izinleri sa\u011flar ancak gereksiz yazma izinlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, Apache’ye web i\u00e7eri\u011finin yeni konumunu bildirmelisiniz. Bu genellikle sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*   Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong>
\n    Varsay\u0131lan sanal host dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (genellikle 000-default.conf<\/code>) d\u00fczenleyece\u011fiz. E\u011fer \u00f6zel bir sanal host kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, o dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelisiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu dosya i\u00e7inde, DocumentRoot<\/code> y\u00f6nergesini ve <\/code> blo\u011funu yeni web k\u00f6k dizininize i\u015faret edecek \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
    \u00d6rnek olarak, varsay\u0131lan dosya \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir:<\/p>\n
\n        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n        DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/html\n\n        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n\n        \n            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n            AllowOverride All\n            Require all granted\n        <\/Directory>\n    <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yeni konuma g\u00f6re g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
\n        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n        DocumentRoot \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\n\n        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n\n        \n            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n            AllowOverride All\n            Require all granted\n        <\/Directory>\n    <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Nano’da Ctrl+O<\/code>, Enter<\/code>, Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n
*   apache2.conf<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong>
\n    Baz\u0131 durumlarda, ana apache2.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda da genel bir <\/code> blo\u011fu bulunabilir. E\u011fer \u00f6zel bir durumunuz yoksa, genellikle bu dosyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenize gerek kalmaz. Ancak, kontrol etmekte fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu dosya i\u00e7inde, \/var\/www\/<\/code> veya \/var\/www\/html<\/code> ile ilgili bir <\/code> y\u00f6nergesi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve gerekirse yeni konumunuza g\u00fcncelleyin. Genellikle varsay\u0131lan olarak \u015fu \u015fekilde bir blok bulunur:<\/p>\n
\n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n        AllowOverride None\n        Require all granted\n    <\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer yeni dizininiz \/var\/www\/<\/code> alt\u0131nda de\u011filse (ki bizim \u00f6rne\u011fimizde \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code>), bu blo\u011fun yeni dizininizi kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bu durumda, ya yeni dizininizi kapsayacak genel bir <\/code> blo\u011fu eklemeli ya da sanal host dosyas\u0131ndaki <\/code> blo\u011funun yeterli oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7o\u011fu senaryoda, sanal host dosyas\u0131ndaki <\/code> blo\u011funu g\u00fcncellemek yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
6. Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h4>\n
Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zdizimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 olarak Syntax OK<\/code> g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131zdaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri dikkatlice kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
7. Apache’yi Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma testi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduktan sonra, Apache hizmetini ba\u015flatabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Active: active (running)<\/code> g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
8. Web Sitesini Test Etme<\/h4>\n
Son olarak, web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanarak web sitenizin IP adresine veya alan ad\u0131na eri\u015ferek ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Web sitenizin i\u00e7eri\u011finin yeni konumdan do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sunuldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer herhangi bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, Apache hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131, “Forbidden”, “Not Found” gibi hatalar\u0131n nedenini anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
AppArmor ile \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 16.04, sistem kaynaklar\u0131na programlar\u0131n eri\u015fimini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in AppArmor kullan\u0131r. Apache’nin yeni web k\u00f6k dizininize eri\u015fimini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in AppArmor profilini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir. E\u011fer Apache yeni dizine eri\u015femedi\u011fi i\u00e7in “Forbidden” hatalar\u0131 al\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu ad\u0131m genellikle gereklidir.<\/p>\n
*   AppArmor Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo aa-status<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, y\u00fckl\u00fc ve etkin AppArmor profillerini g\u00f6sterir. usr.sbin.apache2<\/code> profilini listede g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
*   AppArmor Profilini G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Apache’nin AppArmor profili \/etc\/apparmor.d\/usr.sbin.apache2<\/code> konumunda bulunur. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek yeni web k\u00f6k dizininize eri\u015fim izni vermelisiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apparmor.d\/usr.sbin.apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde, DocumentRoot<\/code>‘unuzla ilgili mevcut girdileri aray\u0131n. Genellikle \u015f\u00f6yle bir sat\u0131r bulunur:<\/p>\n
\/var\/www\/html\/ r,\n    \/var\/www\/html\/<\/em> rwk,<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131na, yeni web k\u00f6k dizininiz i\u00e7in benzer sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
# Yeni web k\u00f6k dizini i\u00e7in eri\u015fim izinleri\n    \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/ r,\n    \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/<\/em> rwk,<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   r<\/code>: okuma izni
\n    *   w<\/code>: yazma izni (e\u011fer web uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n dosya y\u00fcklemesi gibi i\u015flemleri varsa gerekli olabilir)
\n    *   k<\/code>: kilit izni (genellikle veritaban\u0131 veya di\u011fer uygulamalar i\u00e7in)
\n       <\/em>*<\/code>: dizin ve alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm dosyalar ve dizinler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli.<\/p>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve dosyadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
*   AppArmor Profilini Yeniden Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong>
\n    De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in AppArmor profilini yeniden y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload apparmor<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ard\u0131ndan Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n ve web sitenizi tekrar test edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ek Hususlar ve \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Sembolik Ba\u011flant\u0131lar (Symbolic Links)<\/h4>\n
Web k\u00f6k dizinini ta\u015f\u0131mak yerine, eski \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizininden yeni konuma bir sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturmak da bir alternatiftir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar ancak sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi bazen karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir.<\/p>\n
1.  Mevcut html<\/code> dizinini ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo mv \/var\/www\/html \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu durumda yeni web k\u00f6k dizininiz \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/html<\/code> olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2.  Sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ln -s \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/html \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntemde, Apache hala \/var\/www\/html<\/code>‘ye bak\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak asl\u0131nda i\u00e7erik yeni konumdan sunulur. Ancak, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131ndaki <\/code> y\u00f6nergelerinin yine de ger\u00e7ek yolu (yani \/srv\/www\/yeni_sitem\/html<\/code>) i\u015faret etmesi gerekebilir veya FollowSymLinks<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011finin etkin olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Birden Fazla Web Sitesi<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda birden fazla web sitesi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z, her bir sanal host i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site1.conf<\/code>, \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site2.conf<\/code> vb.) olacakt\u0131r. Her bir web sitesinin web k\u00f6k dizinini ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in, ilgili sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz ve DocumentRoot<\/code> ile <\/code> y\u00f6nergelerini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   En Az Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k Prensibi:<\/strong> Apache’nin web i\u00e7eri\u011fine eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in her zaman en az ayr\u0131cal\u0131k prensibini uygulay\u0131n. www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca okuma iznine ihtiyac\u0131 olan yerlerde yazma izni vermeyin.
\n*   .htaccess<\/code> Dosyalar\u0131:<\/strong> AllowOverride<\/code> y\u00f6nergesi, .htaccess<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flenece\u011fini kontrol eder. AllowOverride None<\/code> g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in en iyisidir, ancak WordPress gibi baz\u0131 uygulamalar AllowOverride All<\/code> gerektirebilir.
\n*   Dizin Listeleme:<\/strong> Options -Indexes<\/code> y\u00f6nergesini kullanarak dizin listelemeyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n. Bu, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin bir dizinde index.html<\/code> veya benzeri bir dosya olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6rmesini engeller.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcnl\u00fck Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Apache varsay\u0131lan olarak g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 (error.log<\/code>, access.log<\/code>) \/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code> dizinine yazar. Web k\u00f6k dizinini ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131z, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n konumunu etkilemez. Ancak, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015fka bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131mak isterseniz, sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131ndaki ErrorLog<\/code> ve CustomLog<\/code> y\u00f6nergelerini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme (Troubleshooting)<\/h3>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   “Forbidden” veya “403” Hatas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Neden:<\/strong> Apache’nin yeni web k\u00f6k dizinine eri\u015fim izni yok.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> chown<\/code> ve chmod<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla dosya sahipli\u011fini ve izinlerini kontrol edin (www-data:www-data<\/code> ve 755\/644). AppArmor profilini kontrol edin ve g\u00fcncelleyin. Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki <\/code> blo\u011funun yeni yolu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirtti\u011finden ve Require all granted<\/code> y\u00f6nergesinin oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   “Not Found” veya “404” Hatas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Neden:<\/strong> DocumentRoot<\/code> y\u00f6nergesi yanl\u0131\u015f bir yolu i\u015faret ediyor veya web i\u00e7eri\u011fi do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki DocumentRoot<\/code> y\u00f6nergesinin yeni ve do\u011fru yolu i\u015faret etti\u011finden emin olun. Web i\u00e7eri\u011finizin ger\u00e7ekten yeni dizinde oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Apache Ba\u015flam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   Neden:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 var.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltin. Apache’nin hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini (\/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code>) kontrol edin.
\n*   Bo\u015f Sayfa veya Yanl\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7erik:<\/strong>
\n    *   Neden:<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, yanl\u0131\u015f sanal hostun sunulmas\u0131 veya DNS sorunlar\u0131.
\n    *   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fini temizleyin veya farkl\u0131 bir taray\u0131c\u0131\/gizli pencere kullan\u0131n. E\u011fer birden fazla sanal hostunuz varsa, do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledi\u011finizden ve do\u011fru alan ad\u0131yla eri\u015fti\u011finizden emin olun. DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru IP adresini i\u015faret etti\u011fini kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Apache web k\u00f6k dizinini Ubuntu 16.04’te yeni bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131mak, dikkatli bir planlama ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m uygulama gerektiren bir i\u015flemdir. Bu rehberde a\u00e7\u0131klanan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek, web sitenizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00fcvenli ve etkili bir \u015fekilde yeni bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131yabilirsiniz. Her zaman yedekleme yapmay\u0131, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellemeyi ve AppArmor gibi g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Herhangi bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 ve apache2ctl configtest<\/code> komutu, sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmada en iyi dostlar\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sunucunuzun performans\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve y\u00f6netilebilirli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\nBir web sunucusunun kalbi, web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu web k\u00f6k dizinid","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36249","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nApache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma Bir web sunucusunun kalbi, web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu web k\u00f6k dizinid\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-11T10:40:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T10:40:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\"},\"wordCount\":2489,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/apache-web-kok-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\",\"name\":\"Apache Web K\u00f6k Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma - 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