{"id":36081,"date":"2025-12-07T20:40:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T17:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36081"},"modified":"2025-12-07T20:40:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T17:40:55","slug":"ubuntu-16-04-uzerine-postfix-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-16-04-uzerine-postfix-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine Postfix Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine Postfix Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde e-posta ileti\u015fimi, hem ki\u015fisel hem de kurumsal d\u00fcnyada vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bir e-posta sunucusu kurmak, bir alan ad\u0131na sahip olmak ve bu alan ad\u0131 \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderip almak isteyenler i\u00e7in temel bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Postfix, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu, g\u00fcvenilir, esnek ve performans\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) olarak bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sendmail’e alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirilen Postfix, daha basit bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve daha iyi bir g\u00fcvenlik mimarisi sunar.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucusu \u00fczerine Postfix’in nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve temel d\u00fczeyde nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, kendi e-posta sunucunuzu kurarak e-posta g\u00f6nderme ve alma yetene\u011fine sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ubuntu 16.04, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu makalenin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte destek s\u00fcresi sona ermi\u015ftir. Ancak, belirli senaryolar veya eski sistemlerle uyumluluk gereksinimleri nedeniyle hala bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmak zorunda olanlar i\u00e7in bu rehber g\u00fcncel ve faydal\u0131 bilgiler sunacakt\u0131r. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda her zaman g\u00fcncel ve desteklenen i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n

Postfix Nedir?<\/h3>\n

Postfix, e-postalar\u0131 bir sunucudan di\u011ferine iletmekten sorumlu bir MTA’d\u0131r. Bir e-posta istemcisinden (\u00f6rne\u011fin Outlook, Thunderbird) g\u00f6nderilen e-postalar\u0131 al\u0131r, do\u011fru hedefe y\u00f6nlendirir ve gelen e-postalar\u0131 yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lara veya di\u011fer e-posta sunucular\u0131na teslim eder. Postfix’in temel amac\u0131, e-posta sistemlerini g\u00fcvenli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay y\u00f6netilebilir k\u0131lmakt\u0131r. Mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, g\u00fcvenlik katmanlar\u0131, spam filtreleri ve vir\u00fcs taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 gibi ek bile\u015fenlerle kolayca entegre edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Neden Postfix Kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h3>\n

* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Postfix, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda olduk\u00e7a dikkatli geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve Sendmail gibi eski MTA’lara k\u0131yasla daha g\u00fcvenli bir mimariye sahiptir.
\n* Performans:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek hacimli e-posta trafi\u011fini verimli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netebilir.
\n* Kolay Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 nispeten basittir ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.
\n* Esneklik:<\/strong> \u00c7e\u015fitli ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir ve di\u011fer e-posta bile\u015fenleriyle (IMAP\/POP3 sunucular\u0131, spam filtreleri) entegre edilebilir.
\n* A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak:<\/strong> Geni\u015f bir topluluk deste\u011fine sahiptir ve \u00fccretsizdir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerin haz\u0131r oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:
\n* Ubuntu 16.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Temiz bir Ubuntu 16.04 LTS kurulumuna sahip bir sanal veya fiziksel sunucu.
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkisine Sahip Kullan\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcm kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6netici ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacak.
\n* Temel A\u011f Bilgisi:<\/strong> IP adresleri, portlar ve DNS kavramlar\u0131na a\u015fina olmak faydal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Bir Alan Ad\u0131 (Domain Name):<\/strong> E-posta sunucunuzun \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderece\u011fi ve alaca\u011f\u0131 bir alan ad\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ornekalanadi.com<\/code>).
\n* DNS Kay\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/strong> Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in gerekli DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 (MX, A\/AAAA, PTR) yap\u0131land\u0131rabilme yetene\u011fi.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Bilgisi:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgisi.
\n* SSH Eri\u015fimi:<\/strong> Sunucuya uzaktan ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in SSH eri\u015fimi.<\/p>\n

Sistem Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Postfix kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sunucunuzun g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan ve do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h4>\n

\u0130lk ad\u0131m olarak, paket listelerini g\u00fcncelleyelim ve mevcut paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltelim:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, sisteminizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Hostname ve FQDN Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
E-posta sunucunuzun kendisini a\u011fda do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131tmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hostname (ana bilgisayar ad\u0131) ve FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name – Tam Nitelikli Alan Ad\u0131) ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. FQDN, sunucunuzun tam alan ad\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder (\u00f6rn. mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n
Mevcut hostname’inizi kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
hostname\nhostname -f<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer hostname -f<\/code> komutu FQDN’nizi g\u00f6stermiyorsa veya yanl\u0131\u015fsa, bu ayarlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir.
\n\/etc\/hostname<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek sunucunuzun k\u0131sa ad\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, mail<\/code>):<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/hostname<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi sadece mail<\/code> olmal\u0131. Kaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (CTRL+X, Y, Enter).<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek IP adresinizi FQDN’nizle e\u015fle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir sat\u0131r ekleyin veya mevcut sat\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
127.0.0.1       localhost\n127.0.1.1       mail.ornekalanadi.com   mail\n
Di\u011fer IP adresleriniz varsa buraya ekleyebilirsiniz<\/h2>\nSunucu_IP_Adresi mail.ornekalanadi.com mail<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sunucu_IP_Adresi<\/code> yerine sunucunuzun ger\u00e7ek genel IP adresini, mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code> yerine kendi FQDN’nizi ve mail<\/code> yerine k\u0131sa hostname’inizi yaz\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra, sistemin yeni hostname’i tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n
sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sunucu yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra hostname<\/code> ve hostname -f<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak ayarlar\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu teyit edin.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, sunucunuzu d\u0131\u015f tehditlerden korumak i\u00e7in kritik bir bile\u015fendir. Ubuntu’da UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) varsay\u0131lan olarak gelir ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. E-posta hizmetlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7mam\u0131z gerekecek.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle UFW durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer UFW etkin de\u011filse, SSH ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kesilmemesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle SSH portunu (varsay\u0131lan 22) a\u00e7\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan UFW’yi etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow ssh\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
Onaylamak i\u00e7in y<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi e-posta hizmetleri i\u00e7in gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7al\u0131m:
\n*   25\/tcp (SMTP):<\/strong> E-posta sunucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda e-posta transferi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan standart port.
\n*   465\/tcp (SMTPS):<\/strong> G\u00fcvenli (SSL\/TLS \u00fczerinden) e-posta g\u00f6nderimi i\u00e7in eski bir port, baz\u0131 eski istemciler hala kullanabilir.
\n*   587\/tcp (Submission):<\/strong> E-posta istemcileri taraf\u0131ndan kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e-posta g\u00f6nderimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen port.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 25\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 465\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 587\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z portlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Postfix Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Sistemimiz haz\u0131r oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Postfix’i kurmaya ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Paket Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Postfix paketini apt<\/code> kullanarak kolayca kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install postfix -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir dizi yap\u0131land\u0131rma ekran\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu ekranlar, Postfix’in temel ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1.  General type of mail configuration:<\/strong> Bu ekranda, e-posta sunucunuzun genel amac\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7meniz istenir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, “Internet Site” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7melisiniz. Bu, Postfix’in e-postalar\u0131 do\u011frudan di\u011fer sunuculara g\u00f6nderece\u011fi ve alaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Se\u00e7iminizi yapmak i\u00e7in Tab<\/code> tu\u015funu kullanarak “OK” \u00fczerine gelin ve Enter<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  System mail name:<\/strong> Bu, e-posta sunucunuzun kendisini tan\u0131taca\u011f\u0131 alan ad\u0131d\u0131r (\u00f6rn. ornekalanadi.com<\/code>). Genellikle FQDN’nizin alan ad\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fru alan ad\u0131n\u0131 girin ve “OK” tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlardan sonra Postfix kurulumu tamamlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Postfix’in t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 \/etc\/postfix\/<\/code> dizini alt\u0131nda bulunur. En \u00f6nemli iki dosya \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n*   \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code>: Postfix’in ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. Genel ayarlar, g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131 ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok parametre burada tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.
\n*   \/etc\/postfix\/master.cf<\/code>: Postfix’in bile\u015fen hizmetlerini (SMTP, SMTPS vb.) ve onlar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Genellikle bu dosyaya \u00e7ok s\u0131k dokunmay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Postfix Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek Postfix’i alan ad\u0131m\u0131za ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametreleri bulup d\u00fczenleyin veya ekleyin. Yorum sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 (#<\/code>) kald\u0131rarak veya yeni sat\u0131rlar ekleyerek yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
*   myhostname<\/code><\/strong>: Bu, sunucunuzun FQDN’sidir. hostname -f<\/code> komutunun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
myhostname = mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mydomain<\/code><\/strong>: Alan ad\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
mydomain = ornekalanadi.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   myorigin<\/code><\/strong>: Bu parametre, yerel olarak g\u00f6nderilen e-postalar\u0131n hangi alan ad\u0131ndan geliyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fini belirler. Genellikle mydomain<\/code> ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
myorigin = $mydomain<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mydestination<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in hangi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e-posta kabul edece\u011fini belirler. Sunucunuzun kendisi i\u00e7in e-posta almas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z, buraya alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve localhost’u eklemelisiniz.<\/p>\n
mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mynetworks<\/code><\/strong>: G\u00fcvenilir a\u011flar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Bu a\u011flardan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in Postfix, kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 istemeden e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye izin verir. Dikkatli olun, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa a\u00e7\u0131k bir r\u00f6le (open relay) olu\u015fturabilir ve spam g\u00f6nderimine yol a\u00e7abilir. Genellikle 127.0.0.0\/8<\/code> (localhost) ve sunucunuzun yerel a\u011f IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0\/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]\/104 [::1]\/128<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer sunucunuzun belirli bir \u00f6zel a\u011f IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin 192.168.1.0\/24), onu da ekleyebilirsiniz, ancak genel IP adreslerini buraya eklemek genellikle iyi bir fikir de\u011fildir.
\n*   inet_interfaces<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in hangi a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 kabul edece\u011fini belirler. Genellikle all<\/code> olarak ayarlan\u0131r, bu da t\u00fcm mevcut aray\u00fczlerden ba\u011flant\u0131 kabul etmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. E\u011fer sadece belirli bir IP adresinden (\u00f6rne\u011fin sunucunuzun genel IP’si) dinlemesini isterseniz, o IP adresini buraya yazabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
inet_interfaces = all<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   inet_protocols<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in hangi IP protokollerini kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler (IPv4, IPv6 veya her ikisi).<\/p>\n
inet_protocols = all<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   home_mailbox<\/code><\/strong>: Gelen e-postalar\u0131n yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n posta kutular\u0131na nas\u0131l teslim edilece\u011fini belirler. Maildir<\/code> format\u0131 modern ve daha esnektir. E\u011fer Maildir<\/code> kullanacaksan\u0131z, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ana dizinlerinde .maildir<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dizin olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
home_mailbox = Maildir\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizininde mkdir -p ~\/Maildir<\/code> komutu ile .maildir<\/code> dizinini olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir.
\n*   mailbox_size_limit<\/code><\/strong>: Posta kutular\u0131n\u0131n maksimum boyutunu belirler (byte cinsinden). 0<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
mailbox_size_limit = 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   recipient_delimiter<\/code><\/strong>: E-posta adreslerinde uzant\u0131lar\u0131 ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan karakterdir (\u00f6rn. kullanici+etiket@alanadi.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n
recipient_delimiter = +<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   alias_maps<\/code> ve alias_database<\/code><\/strong>: E-posta takma adlar\u0131n\u0131 (alias) y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na gelen e-postalar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya y\u00f6nlendirmek gibi.<\/p>\n
alias_maps = hash:\/etc\/aliases\n    alias_database = hash:\/etc\/aliases<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n (CTRL+X, Y, Enter).<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 Test Etme ve Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo postfix check<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 almazsan\u0131z, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z s\u00f6zdizimsel olarak do\u011frudur. \u015eimdi Postfix hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya eski Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde:<\/p>\n
sudo service postfix restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
Hizmetin durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya:<\/p>\n
sudo service postfix status<\/code><\/pre>\n
“active (running)” mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
E-posta G\u00f6nderme ve Alma Testleri<\/h3>\n
Postfix’in do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 test yapal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Yerel E-posta G\u00f6nderme<\/h4>\n
\u0130lk olarak, sunucunuzdaki yerel bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya e-posta g\u00f6nderelim. E\u011fer mail<\/code> komutu y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install mailutils -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi bir test e-postas\u0131 g\u00f6nderin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, sunucunuzdaki youruser<\/code> adl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131ya):<\/p>\n
echo \"Bu Postfix sunucumdan gelen bir test e-postas\u0131d\u0131r.\" | mail -s \"Yerel Postfix Testi\" youruser<\/code><\/pre>\n
youruser<\/code> yerine sunucunuzdaki ge\u00e7erli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n. E-postay\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in youruser<\/code> olarak giri\u015f yap\u0131n ve mail<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Harici E-posta G\u00f6nderme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi sunucunuzdan harici bir e-posta adresine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Gmail adresinize) e-posta g\u00f6ndermeyi deneyelim:<\/p>\n
echo \"Bu Postfix sunucumdan harici bir test e-postas\u0131d\u0131r.\" | mail -s \"Postfix Harici Test\" your_email@example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
your_email@example.com<\/code> yerine kendi ger\u00e7ek e-posta adresinizi yaz\u0131n. E-postan\u0131z\u0131n gelip gelmedi\u011fini kontrol edin. Gecikmeler veya ula\u015fmama durumunda, Postfix loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Loglarda, g\u00f6nderim i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, status=sent<\/code>) veya hatalar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, status=bounced<\/code>) yer alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Harici E-posta Alma<\/h4>\n
Harici e-postalar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zellikle bir MX kayd\u0131na<\/strong> (Mail Exchanger) ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r. MX kayd\u0131, di\u011fer e-posta sunucular\u0131na, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in e-postalar\u0131 nereye g\u00f6ndermeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek MX kayd\u0131:<\/p>\n
@   IN   MX   10   mail.ornekalanadi.com.<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code> sizin Postfix sunucunuzun FQDN’sidir ve 10<\/code> \u00f6ncelik de\u011feridir (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck say\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6ncelik anlam\u0131na gelir).
\nAyr\u0131ca, mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code> i\u00e7in bir A kayd\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> (veya IPv6 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z AAAA kayd\u0131n\u0131n) sunucunuzun genel IP adresine i\u015faret etti\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
mail   IN   A   Sunucu_IP_Adresi<\/code><\/pre>\n
Son olarak, bir PTR kayd\u0131<\/strong> (Pointer Record) yap\u0131land\u0131rmak da \u00f6nemlidir. PTR kayd\u0131, IP adresini alan ad\u0131na \u00e7evirir (ters DNS aramas\u0131). Bu, \u00f6zellikle spam filtreleri taraf\u0131ndan e-posta sunucunuzun me\u015fruiyetini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. PTR kayd\u0131 genellikle IP adresinizi sa\u011flayan hosting veya VPS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Onlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7erek sunucunuzun IP adresi i\u00e7in FQDN’nizi (\u00f6rne\u011fin mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code>) g\u00f6steren bir PTR kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 isteyin.<\/p>\n
DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin internet genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 biraz zaman alabilir (birka\u00e7 saatten 48 saate kadar). DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, harici bir e-posta adresinden youruser@ornekalanadi.com<\/code> adresine bir test e-postas\u0131 g\u00f6nderin ve sunucunuzda youruser<\/code> olarak oturum a\u00e7\u0131p mail<\/code> komutuyla gelen kutunuzu kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik ve Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar<\/h3>\n
Temel kurulum tamamland\u0131, ancak e-posta sunucunuzu g\u00fcvenli ve i\u015flevsel hale getirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ek ad\u0131mlar atmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
SMTP Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131 (SASL)<\/h4>\n
Postfix varsay\u0131lan olarak kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmadan e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye izin vermez (a\u00e7\u0131k r\u00f6le olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in). Ancak, a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki e-posta istemcilerinin (\u00f6rne\u011fin diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki Outlook) sunucunuz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla e-posta g\u00f6ndermesi i\u00e7in kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 gerekir. Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. saslauthd<\/code> servisi, sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1.  saslauthd<\/code> Kurulumu:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt install sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  saslauthd<\/code> Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    \/etc\/default\/saslauthd<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/default\/saslauthd<\/code><\/pre>\n
    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulun ve de\u011ferlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
START=yes\n    MECHANISMS=\"pam\"\n    OPTIONS=\"-c -m \/var\/spool\/postfix\/sasl\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   START=yes<\/code>: Servisin otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n    *   MECHANISMS=\"pam\"<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, bu da sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131 ve \u015fifrelerini kullanabilece\u011finiz anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n    *   OPTIONS=\"-c -m \/var\/spool\/postfix\/sasl\"<\/code>: saslauthd<\/code>‘nin chroot ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Postfix’in eri\u015febilece\u011fi bir Unix soketi olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
    Postfix’in saslauthd<\/code>‘nin soketine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in uygun izinleri ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo adduser postfix sasl\n    sudo chown -R postfix:sasl \/var\/spool\/postfix\/sasl\n    sudo chmod 755 \/var\/spool\/postfix\/sasl<\/code><\/pre>\n
    saslauthd<\/code> servisini ba\u015flat\u0131n ve etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart saslauthd\n    sudo systemctl enable saslauthd\n    sudo systemctl status saslauthd<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Postfix main.cf<\/code> \u0130\u00e7ine SASL Ayarlar\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
# SASL (SMTP Authentication)\n    smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes\n    smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot # Alternatif olarak \"cyrus\" da kullan\u0131labilir, ama dovecot daha yayg\u0131n.\n    smtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth # Bu ayar Dovecot kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa gereklidir.\n    smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous\n    smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname\n    broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes\n    smtpd_recipient_restrictions =\n        permit_mynetworks,\n        permit_sasl_authenticated,\n        reject_unauth_destination<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes<\/code>: SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir.
\n    *   smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in Dovecot SASL kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. E\u011fer sadece saslauthd<\/code> kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z bu sat\u0131r\u0131 atlayabilirsiniz veya cyrus<\/code> olarak ayarlayabilirsiniz. Ancak Dovecot ile entegrasyon daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n    *   smtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth<\/code>: Dovecot SASL soketinin yolunu belirtir.
\n    *   smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous<\/code>: Anonim kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r.
\n    *   smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulama alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirler.
\n    *   broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes<\/code>: Baz\u0131 eski e-posta istemcileriyle uyumluluk sa\u011flar.
\n    *   smtpd_recipient_restrictions<\/code>: Bu, Postfix’in gelen e-postalar\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fine dair kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.
\n        *   permit_mynetworks<\/code>: mynetworks<\/code> i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanan a\u011flardan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verir.
\n        *   permit_sasl_authenticated<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan gelen e-postalara izin verir (bu, istemcilerinizin sunucunuz \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6ndermesi i\u00e7in gereklidir).
\n        *   reject_unauth_destination<\/code>: Postfix’in kendi sorumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e-posta aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 reddeder (a\u00e7\u0131k r\u00f6leyi \u00f6nler).<\/p>\n
    Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4.  Postfix’i Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  SASL Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme:<\/strong>
\n    testsaslauthd<\/code> komutu ile bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 test edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
testsaslauthd -u youruser -p yourpassword<\/code><\/pre>\n
    youruser<\/code> ve yourpassword<\/code> yerine sunucunuzdaki bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerini yaz\u0131n. E\u011fer \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 0: OK \"Success.\"<\/code> ise, kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TLS\/SSL \u015eifrelemesi<\/h4>\n
E-posta trafi\u011finin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in TLS (Transport Layer Security) veya SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) \u015fifrelemesi kullanmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, e-postalar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi ve al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada i\u00e7eri\u011fin \u015fifrelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1.  Kendi Kendine \u0130mzal\u0131 (Self-Signed) Sertifika Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt gibi bir hizmetten al\u0131nan ge\u00e7erli bir sertifika kullanmak \u00f6nerilir. Ancak test veya dahili kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in kendi kendine imzal\u0131 bir sertifika olu\u015fturabiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout \/etc\/ssl\/private\/postfix.key -out \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/postfix.crt<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, sertifika bilgileri i\u00e7in size baz\u0131 sorular sorulacakt\u0131r. Kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131za uygun bilgileri girin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Common Name i\u00e7in mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code>).<\/p>\n
2.  Postfix main.cf<\/code> \u0130\u00e7ine TLS Ayarlar\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
# TLS\/SSL Configuration\n    smtpd_tls_cert_file = \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/postfix.crt\n    smtpd_tls_key_file = \/etc\/ssl\/private\/postfix.key\n    smtpd_tls_security_level = may\n    smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3\n    smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\n    smtpd_use_tls = yes\n    smtp_tls_security_level = may\n    smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   smtpd_tls_cert_file<\/code> ve smtpd_tls_key_file<\/code>: Sertifika ve \u00f6zel anahtar dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n    *   smtpd_tls_security_level = may<\/code>: Sunucu taraf\u0131nda TLS’yi etkinle\u015ftirir ancak zorunlu k\u0131lmaz. encrypt<\/code> veya dane<\/code> gibi daha s\u0131k\u0131 se\u00e7enekler de mevcuttur.
\n    *   smtpd_tls_protocols<\/code>: Kullan\u0131lacak TLS protokollerini belirler, eski ve g\u00fcvensiz olanlar\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131z.
\n    *   smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1<\/code>: TLS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda log kayd\u0131 seviyesini belirler.
\n    *   smtpd_use_tls = yes<\/code>: Gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in TLS kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir (eski bir ayar, smtpd_tls_security_level<\/code> daha modern bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r).
\n    *   smtp_tls_security_level = may<\/code> ve smtp_tls_protocols<\/code>: Giden ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in TLS ayarlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
    Kaydedin ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  Postfix’i Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Art\u0131k e-posta istemcinizi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131rken SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesini kullanabilirsiniz (genellikle port 587 i\u00e7in STARTTLS veya port 465 i\u00e7in SSL\/TLS).<\/p>\n
Spam ve Vir\u00fcs Korumas\u0131<\/h4>\n
E-posta sunucular\u0131 spam ve vir\u00fcs sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi olabilir. Postfix, bu t\u00fcr tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6nlemlerle entegre edilebilir:
\n*   DNS Kara Listeleri (DNSBL):<\/strong> Bilinen spam g\u00f6nderen IP adreslerini listeleyen servislerdir. smtpd_recipient_restrictions<\/code> i\u00e7ine ekleyerek kara listedeki sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131 reddedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =\n        permit_mynetworks,\n        permit_sasl_authenticated,\n        reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, # \u00d6rnek bir DNSBL\n        reject_unauth_destination<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Birden fazla DNSBL kullanabilirsiniz.
\n*   SpamAssassin:<\/strong> Gelen e-postalar\u0131 spam olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in analiz eden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir spam filtreleme sistemidir. Postfix ile entegre edilebilir.
\n*   ClamAV:<\/strong> E-postalardaki vir\u00fcsleri taramak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir antivir\u00fcs yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Postfix ile entegre edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Bu entegrasyonlar bu makalenin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r, ancak e-posta sunucunuzu \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z ve uygulaman\u0131z gereken ad\u0131mlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Alias ve Sanal Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar<\/h4>\n
*   Alias (Takma Adlar):<\/strong> \/etc\/aliases<\/code> dosyas\u0131, bir e-posta adresine gelen e-postalar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir adrese veya yerel bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na gelen e-postalar\u0131 kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za y\u00f6nlendirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/aliases<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyaya ekleyin:<\/p>\n
root: youruser<\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra newaliases<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo newaliases<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Sanal Etki Alanlar\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar:<\/strong> Birden fazla alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in e-posta hizmeti sunmak veya Postfix’in sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 yerine sanal kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak istiyorsan\u0131z, virtual_alias_maps<\/code> veya virtual_mailbox_maps<\/code> gibi ayarlar\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, genellikle bir IMAP\/POP3 sunucusu (\u00f6rne\u011fin Dovecot) ile birlikte daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma gerektirir.<\/p>\n
\u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
E-posta sunucusu kurulumu bazen karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir. \u0130\u015fte size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve sorun giderme y\u00f6ntemleri:<\/p>\n
Log Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Postfix’in t\u00fcm etkinlikleri \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> (veya syslog<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fka bir yerde) dosyas\u0131nda tutulur. Sorunlar\u0131 te\u015fhis etmek i\u00e7in bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, log dosyas\u0131n\u0131n sonuna eklenen yeni sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Postmap Komutu<\/h4>\n
alias_maps<\/code> veya virtual_alias_maps<\/code> gibi haritalar\u0131 (map) d\u00fczenledikten sonra, Postfix’in bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in postmap<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
sudo postmap \/etc\/aliases<\/code><\/pre>\n
Postconf Komutu<\/h4>\n
postconf<\/code> komutu, Postfix yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r:
\n*   Mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6zetini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in (varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferler hari\u00e7):<\/p>\n
postconf -n<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   T\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma parametrelerini varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferleriyle birlikte g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
postconf -d<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Belirli bir parametrenin de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
postconf myhostname<\/code><\/pre>\n
Telnet ile SMTP Testi<\/h4>\n
SMTP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak test etmek i\u00e7in telnet<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
telnet localhost 25<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi komutlar girebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
EHLO yourdomain.com\nMAIL FROM: \nRCPT TO: \nDATA\nSubject: Test Email\nThis is a test message.\n.\nQUIT<\/code><\/pre>\n
Her komuttan sonra sunucudan bir yan\u0131t bekleyin. . <\/code> (nokta) ve ard\u0131ndan Enter<\/code> tu\u015funa basmak, e-posta i\u00e7eri\u011finin sonunu belirtir.<\/p>\n
DNS Kontrol\u00fc<\/h4>\n
E-posta teslimat sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.
\n*   MX kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/strong><\/p>\n
dig MX ornekalanadi.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   A kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/strong><\/p>\n
dig A mail.ornekalanadi.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   PTR kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (ters DNS) kontrol edin:<\/strong><\/p>\n
dig -x Sunucu_IP_Adresi<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutlar, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu rehberde, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucusu \u00fczerine Postfix e-posta sunucusunun nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve temel d\u00fczeyde nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele ald\u0131k. Sistem haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, Postfix kurulumu, temel yap\u0131land\u0131rma, e-posta g\u00f6nderme\/alma testleri ve g\u00fcvenlik iyile\u015ftirmeleri (SASL ve TLS) gibi \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderebilen ve alabilen temel bir e-posta sunucusuna sahipsiniz. Ancak, bir e-posta sunucusunun bak\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcrekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Spam ve vir\u00fcs korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in ek bile\u015fenlerin entegrasyonu, bir IMAP\/POP3 sunucusu (\u00f6rne\u011fin Dovecot) ile birle\u015ftirilerek kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n e-postalar\u0131na eri\u015fimini sa\u011flamak ve d\u00fczenli g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri yapmak, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli ve verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken sonraki ad\u0131mlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n, Ubuntu 16.04’\u00fcn destek s\u00fcresi sona ermi\u015ftir. Yeni projeler i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcncel ve desteklenen i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kullanman\u0131z, uzun vadede g\u00fcvenlik ve uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecektir. Bu rehber, belirli bir ihtiyaca y\u00f6nelik olarak Ubuntu 16.04 \u00fczerinde Postfix kurulumunu anlamak i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir kaynak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine Postfix Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber\nGiri\u015f\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde e-posta ileti\u015fimi, hem ki\u015fisel hem de","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36081","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine Postfix Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber - 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