{"id":36069,"date":"2025-12-07T17:40:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T14:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36069"},"modified":"2025-12-07T17:40:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T14:40:58","slug":"digitaloceanda-lamp-1-click-kurulumu-nasil-kullanilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/digitaloceanda-lamp-1-click-kurulumu-nasil-kullanilir\/","title":{"rendered":"DigitalOcean’da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

DigitalOcean’da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde web uygulamalar\u0131 ve dinamik web siteleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler ve sa\u011flam altyap\u0131lardan biri LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu bile\u015fenlerden olu\u015fan bu yap\u0131, geli\u015ftiricilere esneklik, maliyet etkinli\u011fi ve geni\u015f bir topluluk deste\u011fi sunar. Web sitelerini veya uygulamalar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tmak isteyenler i\u00e7in DigitalOcean gibi bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, bu s\u00fcreci \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde basitle\u015ftiren “1-Click Install” \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri sunar. Bu makalede, DigitalOcean platformunda LAMP 1-Click kurulumunu kullanarak bir web sunucusunu ba\u015ftan sona nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli hale getirece\u011finizi detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: LAMP Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve DigitalOcean’\u0131n Rol\u00fc<\/h3>\n

LAMP, d\u00f6rt temel bile\u015fenin ba\u015f harflerinden olu\u015fan bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r:
\n* L (Linux):<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletim sistemi olarak Ubuntu, CentOS gibi Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. DigitalOcean’daki 1-Click kurulumu genellikle Ubuntu tabanl\u0131d\u0131r. Linux, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve performans\u0131yla sunucu ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal bir se\u00e7imdir.
\n* A (Apache):<\/strong> D\u00fcnya genelinde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan web sunucular\u0131ndan biridir. Apache HTTP Sunucusu, istemcilerden gelen web isteklere yan\u0131t verir ve web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 sunar.
\n* M (MySQL\/MariaDB):<\/strong> \u0130li\u015fkisel bir veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir. Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n verilerini depolamak ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. DigitalOcean’\u0131n LAMP stack’i genellikle MySQL veya onun a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir \u00e7atal\u0131 olan MariaDB ile birlikte gelir.
\n* P (PHP):<\/strong> Sunucu taraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, web geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f pop\u00fcler bir betik dilidir. Dinamik web i\u00e7eri\u011fi olu\u015fturmak, veritabanlar\u0131yla etkile\u015fim kurmak ve form verilerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DigitalOcean, geli\u015ftiricilerin ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin bulut altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kolayca kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan pop\u00fcler bir bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. “Droplet” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi sanal \u00f6zel sunucular (VPS) sunar. DigitalOcean’\u0131n “1-Click Install” \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u00f6nceden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uygulama y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 veya i\u015fletim sistemi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini tek bir t\u0131klamayla da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Bu, manuel kurulumun getirdi\u011fi zaman kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve potansiyel hatalar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak geli\u015ftiricilerin as\u0131l i\u015flerine, yani kod yazmaya odaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k sunucu kurulum s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini basitle\u015ftirmenin en etkili yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

Bu makalenin amac\u0131, DigitalOcean’da LAMP 1-Click kurulumunu kullanarak h\u0131zl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve i\u015flevsel bir web sunucusu olu\u015fturman\u0131z i\u00e7in size ad\u0131m ad\u0131m rehberlik etmektir. S\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca, her ad\u0131m\u0131n nedenini ve \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak sadece “nas\u0131l” de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda “neden” sorular\u0131na da yan\u0131t verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelere sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:
\n* DigitalOcean Hesab\u0131:<\/strong> Aktif bir DigitalOcean hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. E\u011fer yoksa, kolayca bir hesap olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.
\n* Temel Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Bilgisi:<\/strong> SSH arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunucunuza ba\u011flanacak ve baz\u0131 temel Linux komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Temel d\u00fczeyde komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi i\u015finizi kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.
\n* SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 (\u00d6nerilir):<\/strong> Sunucunuza daha g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in SSH anahtarlar\u0131 kullanman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. E\u011fer SSH anahtar\u0131n\u0131z yoksa, DigitalOcean panelinden olu\u015fturabilir veya kendi bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda bir tane olu\u015fturup DigitalOcean’a ekleyebilirsiniz.
\n* Alan Ad\u0131 (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek bir web sitesi da\u011f\u0131tmak istiyorsan\u0131z, bir alan ad\u0131na (domain name) sahip olmak ve bu alan ad\u0131n\u0131 Droplet’inize y\u00f6nlendirmek isteyeceksiniz. Test ama\u00e7l\u0131 kurulumlar i\u00e7in bu gerekli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m LAMP Kurulumu<\/h3>\n

\u015eimdi DigitalOcean’da LAMP Droplet’imizi olu\u015fturma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: DigitalOcean Hesab\u0131na Giri\u015f Yapma ve Droplet Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n

\u0130lk olarak DigitalOcean hesab\u0131n\u0131za giri\u015f yap\u0131n. Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, kontrol panelinin sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fesinde bulunan ye\u015fil renkli “Create” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r men\u00fcden “Droplets” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 2: LAMP 1-Click Image’ini Se\u00e7me<\/h4>\n

Droplet olu\u015fturma sayfas\u0131nda, ilk ad\u0131m “Choose an image” olacakt\u0131r. Burada iki sekme g\u00f6receksiniz: “Distributions” ve “Marketplace”. LAMP 1-Click kurulumunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in “Marketplace” sekmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Marketplace i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nceden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uygulama g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Arama \u00e7ubu\u011funa “LAMP” yazarak veya listeden kayd\u0131rarak “LAMP on Ubuntu” se\u00e7ene\u011fini bulun ve \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu, se\u00e7ti\u011finiz Droplet’in Ubuntu i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Apache, MySQL\/MariaDB ve PHP ile \u00f6nceden y\u00fckl\u00fc ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak gelece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 3: Droplet Plan\u0131n\u0131 ve B\u00f6lgesini Se\u00e7me<\/h4>\n

Plan Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong>
\n“Choose a plan” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Droplet’inizin CPU, RAM ve depolama gibi donan\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini belirleyeceksiniz. DigitalOcean, farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli planlar sunar: Basic, General Purpose, CPU-Optimized, Memory-Optimized ve Storage-Optimized.
\n* Basic Planlar:<\/strong> \u00c7o\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck web sitesi, geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131 veya test sunucusu i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar ve bu rehber i\u00e7in uygun maliyetli bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* General Purpose\/CPU-Optimized\/Memory-Optimized:<\/strong> Daha yo\u011fun trafikli web siteleri, veritaban\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 uygulamalar veya \u00f6zel performans gereksinimleri olan projeler i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Basic planlardan birini se\u00e7ebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 1 GB RAM, 1 CPU). Daha sonra projenizin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a Droplet’inizi kolayca y\u00fckseltebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Datacenter B\u00f6lgesi Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong>
\n“Choose a datacenter region” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Droplet’inizin fiziksel olarak hangi co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz. Bu se\u00e7im, web sitenizin ziyaret\u00e7ilerine olan gecikme s\u00fcresini (latency) do\u011frudan etkiler. Web sitenizin hedef kitlesine en yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi se\u00e7meniz \u00f6nerilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrkiye’den eri\u015fim sa\u011flayacak bir site i\u00e7in Almanya (Frankfurt) veya Hollanda (Amsterdam) gibi Avrupa lokasyonlar\u0131 genellikle iyi performans sunar.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 4: Kimlik Do\u011frulama Y\u00f6ntemini Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n

“Authentication” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Droplet’inize nas\u0131l eri\u015fece\u011finizi belirlersiniz. \u0130ki ana se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r:
\n* SSH keys (\u00d6nerilen):<\/strong> SSH anahtarlar\u0131, sunucunuza parola kullanmadan daha g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bir kez kurulumu yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, parola hat\u0131rlama veya girme zorunlulu\u011fu olmadan tek bir komutla sunucunuza eri\u015febilirsiniz. E\u011fer daha \u00f6nce bir SSH anahtar\u0131 olu\u015fturduysan\u0131z, burada se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. E\u011fer yoksa, “New SSH Key” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klayarak DigitalOcean’\u0131n talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip ederek yeni bir anahtar olu\u015fturabilir veya yerel makinenizde ssh-keygen<\/code> komutuyla olu\u015fturup genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 DigitalOcean’a ekleyebilirsiniz. Bu y\u00f6ntem, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n* Password:<\/strong> Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi se\u00e7erseniz, Droplet olu\u015fturulduktan sonra size e-posta ile bir root parolas\u0131 g\u00f6nderilir. \u0130lk ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131zda bu parolay\u0131 kullanarak giri\u015f yapars\u0131n\u0131z ve genellikle parola de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz istenir. Daha az g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in pek \u00f6nerilmez.<\/p>\n

SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye ederiz.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 5: Ek Ayarlar ve Droplet Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n

* Hostname:<\/strong> Droplet’iniz i\u00e7in anlaml\u0131 bir isim belirleyin (\u00f6rn. lamp-webserver-01<\/code> veya yourdomain-com-server<\/code>).
\n* Tags (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong> Birden fazla Droplet’iniz varsa, bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in etiketler ekleyebilirsiniz.
\n* VPC Network (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong> \u00d6zel a\u011f ileti\u015fimi gerektiren karma\u015f\u0131k mimariler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kurulumu i\u00e7in gerekli de\u011fildir.
\n* Backups (\u00d6nerilen):<\/strong> Otomatik haftal\u0131k yedeklemeler i\u00e7in bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi etkinle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. \u00dccretli bir hizmettir ancak veri kayb\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvence sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm ayarlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, sayfan\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki “Create Droplet” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n. DigitalOcean, Droplet’inizi olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayacak ve bu i\u015flem genellikle bir dakika veya daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrer. Droplet haz\u0131r oldu\u011funda, kontrol panelinizde listelenecek ve IP adresi g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Sunucu Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n

Droplet’imiz olu\u015fturulduktan sonra, SSH arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131p ilk g\u00fcvenlik ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 6: Droplet’e SSH ile Ba\u011flanma<\/h4>\n

Droplet’inizin IP adresini DigitalOcean kontrol panelinden kopyalay\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan, yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki terminali (macOS\/Linux) veya PuTTY gibi bir SSH istemcisini (Windows) a\u00e7\u0131n. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanarak sunucunuza ba\u011flan\u0131n (IP adresini kendi Droplet’inizin IP adresiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n

ssh root@YOUR_DROPLET_IP_ADDRESS<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer ilk kez ba\u011flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, sunucunun kimli\u011fini do\u011frulaman\u0131z\u0131 isteyen bir mesaj g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. “yes” yazarak devam edin. SSH anahtar\u0131 kulland\u0131ysan\u0131z, otomatik olarak giri\u015f yapars\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer parola kulland\u0131ysan\u0131z, DigitalOcean taraf\u0131ndan e-posta ile g\u00f6nderilen root parolas\u0131n\u0131 girmeniz istenecektir. \u0130lk ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131zda genellikle yeni bir parola belirlemeniz istenir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 7: G\u00fcvenlik G\u00fcncellemeleri ve Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Sunucuya giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra yapman\u0131z gereken ilk \u015fey, i\u015fletim sistemini ve y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri g\u00fcncellemektir. Bu, bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r ve sisteminizi kararl\u0131 tutar.<\/p>\n
sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, paket listelerini g\u00fcnceller ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fckl\u00fc paketlerin en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 vermenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) Kurulumu:<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, sunucunuzda bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. UFW, Ubuntu’da g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in basit bir aray\u00fcz sa\u011flar.
\nLAMP 1-Click kurulumunda Apache ve OpenSSH zaten y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in UFW, bu hizmetler i\u00e7in profilleri otomatik olarak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Mevcut Uygulama Profillerini Listeleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw app list<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, UFW’nin tan\u0131yabildi\u011fi uygulama profillerini g\u00f6sterecektir. Genellikle “OpenSSH”, “Apache”, “Apache Full” ve “Apache Secure” gibi se\u00e7enekler g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.
\n    *   OpenSSH<\/code>: Yaln\u0131zca SSH ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na izin verir.
\n    *   Apache<\/code>: Yaln\u0131zca HTTP (port 80) trafi\u011fine izin verir.
\n    *   Apache Full<\/code>: Hem HTTP (port 80) hem de HTTPS (port 443) trafi\u011fine izin verir.
\n    *   Apache Secure<\/code>: Yaln\u0131zca HTTPS (port 443) trafi\u011fine izin verir.<\/p>\n
2.  Gerekli Kurallar\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Sunucunuza SSH ile eri\u015fmeye devam edebilmek i\u00e7in OpenSSH<\/code>‘e izin vermelisiniz. Web sunucunuz i\u00e7in hem HTTP hem de HTTPS trafi\u011fine izin vermek en iyisidir (ileride SSL kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 varsayarak).<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH\n    sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\n    Kurallar\u0131 belirledikten sonra g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirin. Bu i\u015flem sizi SSH ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131zdan ay\u0131rabilir, ancak SSH kural\u0131n\u0131 zaten ekledi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in sorun ya\u015fanmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bir onay mesaj\u0131 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z; y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, etkin kurallar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n durumunu g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlarla sunucunuzun temel g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f oldunuz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 8: Yeni Bir Sudo Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma (\u00d6nerilir)<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenlik en iyi uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri, g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7in root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yerine ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 (sudo) bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetkiye sahiptir ve yanl\u0131\u015f bir komutla sisteme ciddi zararlar verebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Yeni Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo adduser your_username<\/code><\/pre>\n
    your_username<\/code> yerine istedi\u011finiz kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n. Parola ve di\u011fer bilgileri girmeniz istenecektir.<\/p>\n
2.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya Sudo Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 Verme:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanma yetkisi verin:<\/p>\n
sudo usermod -aG sudo your_username<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Yeni Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya Ge\u00e7i\u015f Yapma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
su - your_username<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutla yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131n. Art\u0131k sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanarak ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4.  Root Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla SSH Giri\u015fini Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong>
\n    Bu, daha ileri bir g\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan SSH ile giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek yaln\u0131zca yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz sudo kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f yapmas\u0131na izin verirsiniz.
\n    *   SSH yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   Dosya i\u00e7inde PermitRootLogin yes<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 bulun ve PermitRootLogin no<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin. E\u011fer sat\u0131r\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda #<\/code> varsa, yorum sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n.
\n    *   Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter).
\n    *   SSH hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ad\u0131mdan sonra, root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011frudan SSH yapamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz kullan\u0131c\u0131yla giri\u015f yap\u0131p gerekti\u011finde sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (MySQL\/MariaDB)<\/h3>\n
LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n M bile\u015feni olan MySQL veya MariaDB, web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n verilerini depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. G\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 9: MySQL\/MariaDB G\u00fcvenlik Beti\u011fini \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
LAMP 1-Click kurulumu genellikle MySQL veya MariaDB’yi temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmayla y\u00fckler. \u0130lk kurulumdan sonra, veritaban\u0131 sunucunuzu g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir betik \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu betik size bir dizi soru soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1.  Validate Password Component (Parola Do\u011frulama Bile\u015feni):<\/strong>
\n    *   Bu bile\u015fen, belirledi\u011finiz parolalar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol eder. Etkinle\u015ftirmek isteyip istemedi\u011finiz sorulur. Y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa basarak etkinle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.
\n    *   Ard\u0131ndan bir parola g\u00fcvenlik seviyesi se\u00e7meniz istenir (LOW, MEDIUM, STRONG). Genellikle MEDIUM<\/code> yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
2.  Change the root password? (root parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilsin mi?):<\/strong>
\n    *   \u00c7OK \u00d6NEML\u0130!<\/strong> MySQL root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola belirleyin. Bu, SSH root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir parolad\u0131r. Bu parola, veritaban\u0131na tam eri\u015fim sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
3.  Remove anonymous users? (Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar kald\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n m\u0131?):<\/strong>
\n    *   Y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n. Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
4.  Disallow root login remotely? (root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131 engellensin mi?):<\/strong>
\n    *   Y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n. Bu, MySQL root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sunucunun kendisinden (localhost) veritaban\u0131na eri\u015febilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir, uzaktan eri\u015fim engellenir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5.  Remove test database and access to it? (Test veritaban\u0131 ve eri\u015fimi kald\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n m\u0131?):<\/strong>
\n    *   Y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n. Test veritaban\u0131 genellikle gereksizdir ve g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n
6.  Reload privilege tables now? (Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tablolar\u0131 \u015fimdi yeniden y\u00fcklensin mi?):<\/strong>
\n    *   Y<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n. Bu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hemen etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra MySQL\/MariaDB veritaban\u0131 sunucunuz \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha g\u00fcvenli hale gelmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 10: Yeni Bir Veritaban\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in genellikle ayr\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131 ve bu veritaban\u0131na \u00f6zel bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yerine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yetkilere sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131yla veritaban\u0131na eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1.  MySQL\/MariaDB Kabu\u011funa Giri\u015f Yapma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
    mysql_secure_installation<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirledi\u011finiz MySQL root<\/code> parolas\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n
2.  Yeni Bir Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE my_app_db CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    my_app_db<\/code> yerine uygulaman\u0131z i\u00e7in uygun bir veritaban\u0131 ad\u0131 se\u00e7in. CHARACTER SET<\/code> ve COLLATE<\/code> ayarlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 dillerdeki karakterleri do\u011fru \u015fekilde depolamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
3.  Yeni Bir Veritaban\u0131 Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
CREATE USER 'my_app_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YOUR_STRONG_PASSWORD';<\/code><\/pre>\n
    my_app_user<\/code> yerine uygulaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve YOUR_STRONG_PASSWORD<\/code> yerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola belirleyin. 'localhost'<\/code> ifadesi, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sunucunun kendisinden (Droplet’in i\u00e7inden) veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Uzaktan eri\u015fime izin vermek isterseniz '%'<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz, ancak bu g\u00fcvenlik riski ta\u015f\u0131r ve yaln\u0131zca belirli IP adresleriyle k\u0131s\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya Veritaban\u0131 Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 Verme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON my_app_db.* TO 'my_app_user'@'localhost';<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, my_app_user<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na my_app_db<\/code> veritaban\u0131 \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n
5.  Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k Tablolar\u0131n\u0131 Yenileme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ayr\u0131cal\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin hemen etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
6.  MySQL\/MariaDB Kabu\u011fundan \u00c7\u0131kma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
EXIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k web uygulaman\u0131z, my_app_user<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve my_app_db<\/code> veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n
Web Sunucusu ve PHP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Apache ve PHP)<\/h3>\n
Web sitenizi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Apache web sunucusunu yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z ve PHP’nin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 11: Apache Sanal Host (Virtual Host) Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Apache \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizinindeki dosyalar\u0131 sunar. Ancak birden fazla web sitesi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak veya daha d\u00fczenli bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmak istiyorsan\u0131z, “sanal host” (virtual host) kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Sanal hostlar, Apache’ye belirli bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi dizinden i\u00e7erik sunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi ayarlar\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6rnekte your_domain.com<\/code> alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
1.  Web Sitesi Dizinini Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Web siteniz i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir dizin olu\u015fturun. Bu dizin, web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecektir.<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n
    -p<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, gerekli t\u00fcm \u00fcst dizinleri otomatik olarak olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
2.  Dizin \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n    Web sunucusunun dosyalar\u0131n\u0131za eri\u015febilmesi ve sizin de onlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilmeniz i\u00e7in do\u011fru izinleri ayarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html\n    sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/your_domain<\/code><\/pre>\n
    chown<\/code> komutu, dizinin sahipli\u011fini mevcut kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za verir. chmod<\/code> komutu ise dizin ve dosyalar i\u00e7in okuma, yazma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma izinlerini ayarlar.<\/p>\n
3.  \u00d6rnek Bir HTML Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    Sanal host’unuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in basit bir index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n
    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki HTML i\u00e7eri\u011fini yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n    \n    \n        \n        \n        Ho\u015f Geldiniz!<\/title>\n    <\/head>\n    <body>\n        \n        <p>Bu, your_domain.com i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sanal host'unuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir test sayfas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n    <\/body>\n    <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    Kaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter).<\/p>\n<p>4.  <strong>Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Apache, sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizininde saklar. Yeni bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/your_domain.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. <code>your_domain.com<\/code> ve <code>www.your_domain.com<\/code> k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-apache\"><VirtualHost *:80>\n        ServerAdmin webmaster@your_domain.com\n        ServerName your_domain.com\n        ServerAlias www.your_domain.com\n        DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html\n\n        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/your_domain_error.log\n        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/your_domain_access.log combined\n\n        <Directory \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html>\n            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n            AllowOverride All\n            Require all granted\n        <\/Directory>\n    <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    *   <code>ServerAdmin<\/code>: Y\u00f6neticinin e-posta adresi.<br \/>\n    *   <code>ServerName<\/code>: Bu sanal host’un yan\u0131t verece\u011fi ana alan ad\u0131.<br \/>\n    *   <code>ServerAlias<\/code>: Alan ad\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer varyantlar\u0131 (\u00f6rn. <code>www<\/code>).<br \/>\n    *   <code>DocumentRoot<\/code>: Web sitesi dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu dizin.<br \/>\n    *   <code>ErrorLog<\/code> ve <code>CustomLog<\/code>: Hata ve eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin kaydedilece\u011fi yerler.<br \/>\n    *   <code><Directory><\/code> blo\u011fu, belirli bir dizin i\u00e7in Apache ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. <code>AllowOverride All<\/code>, <code>.htaccess<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n<p>5.  <strong>Sanal Host’u Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Apache’nin yeni sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in onu etkinle\u015ftirmemiz gerekir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2ensite your_domain.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>6.  <strong>Varsay\u0131lan Sanal Host’u Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong><br \/>\n    Genellikle, kendi sanal host’unuzu etkinle\u015ftirdikten sonra varsay\u0131lan Apache sayfas\u0131n\u0131 sunan <code>000-default.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>7.  <strong>Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulamadan \u00f6nce Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda herhangi bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek iyi bir fikirdir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    E\u011fer <code>Syntax OK<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, her \u015fey yolundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>8.  <strong>Apache’yi Yeniden Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache hizmetini yeniden y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Art\u0131k Droplet’inizin IP adresini taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda ziyaret etti\u011finizde veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra <code>your_domain.com<\/code> adresine gitti\u011finizde, olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz <code>index.html<\/code> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Ad\u0131m 12: PHP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Testi<\/h4>\n<p>LAMP 1-Click kurulumu PHP’yi zaten y\u00fcklemi\u015f olsa da, do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve istedi\u011finiz gibi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>PHP Bilgi Sayfas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong><br \/>\n    PHP’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in basit bir <code>info.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m. <strong>Bu dosya hassas bilgiler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in testten sonra silinmelidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-php\"><?php\n    phpinfo();\n    ?><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    Kaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>2.  <strong>PHP Bilgi Sayfas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda <code>http:\/\/YOUR_DROPLET_IP_ADDRESS\/info.php<\/code> adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ysan\u0131z <code>http:\/\/your_domain.com\/info.php<\/code> adresini ziyaret edin. PHP’nin t\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini i\u00e7eren uzun bir sayfa g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu, PHP’nin Apache ile birlikte d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>3.  <strong><code>info.php<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Silme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    <strong>\u00c7ok \u00d6nemli:<\/strong> <code>info.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131 sunucunuz hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla bilgi i\u00e7erir ve potansiyel bir g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturur. Testi tamamlad\u0131ktan hemen sonra bu dosyay\u0131 silin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo rm \/var\/www\/your_domain\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.  <strong>PHP Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Ayarlama (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/strong><br \/>\n    PHP’nin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olan <code>php.ini<\/code>‘yi d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fckleyebilece\u011finiz dosya boyutunu art\u0131rmak veya bellek limitini y\u00fckseltmek isteyebilirsiniz. PHP’nin s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Droplet’e g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir (\u00f6rn. <code>php8.1<\/code>).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/php\/8.1\/apache2\/php.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    Dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra, <code>memory_limit<\/code>, <code>upload_max_filesize<\/code>, <code>post_max_size<\/code> gibi ayarlar\u0131 arayarak de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. De\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Domain Ad\u0131 ve DNS Ayarlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Web sitenizi bir alan ad\u0131 \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Droplet’inizin IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n<h4>Ad\u0131m 13: Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 Droplet’e Y\u00f6nlendirme<\/h4>\n<p>Bu ad\u0131m, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nereden sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir (\u00f6rn. GoDaddy, Namecheap, DigitalOcean DNS). E\u011fer alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 DigitalOcean \u00fczerinden y\u00f6netiyorsan\u0131z veya DigitalOcean’\u0131n DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z:<\/p>\n<p>1.  DigitalOcean kontrol panelinizde sol men\u00fcden “Networking” se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<br \/>\n2.  “Domains” sekmesine gidin ve “Add Domain” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<br \/>\n3.  Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rn. <code>your_domain.com<\/code>) girin ve Droplet’inizi se\u00e7in.<br \/>\n4.  DigitalOcean otomatik olarak gerekli DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>A kayd\u0131:<\/strong> <code>your_domain.com<\/code> i\u00e7in Droplet’inizin IP adresine i\u015faret eder.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>CNAME kayd\u0131:<\/strong> <code>www.your_domain.com<\/code> i\u00e7in <code>your_domain.com<\/code>‘a i\u015faret eder.<br \/>\n5.  E\u011fer alan ad\u0131n\u0131z ba\u015fka bir DNS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda (\u00f6rn. GoDaddy) ise, o sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kontrol paneline giri\u015f yap\u0131n ve bir A kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturarak <code>your_domain.com<\/code>‘u Droplet’inizin IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirin. <code>www<\/code> i\u00e7in de bir CNAME kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n<p>DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin internet genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 (DNS propagation) biraz zaman alabilir (birka\u00e7 dakika ile 48 saate kadar). Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda web siteniz hemen eri\u015filebilir olmayabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Ek G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130yile\u015ftirmeler<\/h3>\n<p>Temel kurulumu tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ek ad\u0131mlar atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Ad\u0131m 14: SSL\/TLS Sertifikas\u0131 Kurulumu (Let’s Encrypt ile HTTPS)<\/h4>\n<p>Web sitenizi HTTPS \u00fczerinden sunmak, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini \u015fifreleyerek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r, SEO s\u0131ralamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir ve taray\u0131c\u0131larda “G\u00fcvenli” etiketi g\u00f6sterir. Let’s Encrypt, \u00fccretsiz SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131 sa\u011flayan pop\u00fcler bir hizmettir. Certbot arac\u0131, bu s\u00fcreci otomatikle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>Certbot’u Kurma:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Certbot’u ve Apache eklentisini kurun:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.  <strong>SSL Sertifikas\u0131 Alma:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Certbot’u Apache ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. <code>your_domain.com<\/code> ve <code>www.your_domain.com<\/code> yerine kendi alan adlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo certbot --apache -d your_domain.com -d www.your_domain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    Certbot size e-posta adresi, hizmet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etme ve HTTPS’ye otomatik y\u00f6nlendirme gibi konularda sorular soracakt\u0131r. Genellikle t\u00fcm trafi\u011fi HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirmeyi (<code>Redirect<\/code>) se\u00e7mek en iyisidir.<\/p>\n<p>3.  <strong>Otomatik Yenilemeyi Test Etme:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131 90 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7erlidir, ancak Certbot otomatik yenilemeyi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131r. Yenileme s\u00fcrecinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in test edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo certbot renew --dry-run<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    E\u011fer herhangi bir hata g\u00f6rmezseniz, otomatik yenileme d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor demektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi web sitenizi <code>https:\/\/your_domain.com<\/code> adresinden ziyaret edebilirsiniz. Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda bir kilit simgesi g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Ad\u0131m 15: Di\u011fer G\u00fcvenlik ve Performans \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>*   <strong>D\u00fczenli G\u00fcncellemeler:<\/strong> Sunucunuzu ve yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak <code>sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla g\u00fcncel tutun.<br \/>\n*   <strong>G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Parolalar:<\/strong> T\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131z ve veritaban\u0131 parolalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, karma\u015f\u0131k parolalar kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n*   <strong>SSH Ba\u011flant\u0131 Noktas\u0131n\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirme:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan SSH ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131 (22) de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, otomatik bot sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <code>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda <code>Port 22<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirip SSH hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n ve UFW’de yeni ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131na izin vermeyi unutmay\u0131n.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Fail2Ban Kurulumu:<\/strong> Fail2Ban, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015f denemelerini izleyerek k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli IP adreslerini otomatik olarak engelleyen bir intrusion prevention sistemidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install fail2ban\n    sudo systemctl enable fail2ban\n    sudo systemctl start fail2ban<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <strong>Yedeklemeler:<\/strong> DigitalOcean’\u0131n otomatik yedeklemelerini kullan\u0131n veya kendi yedekleme stratejinizi uygulay\u0131n. Veri kayb\u0131 durumunda kurtarma plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n olmas\u0131 hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Log \u0130zleme:<\/strong> Sunucu g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini (<code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code>, <code>\/var\/log\/mysql\/<\/code>, <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> vb.) d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin. Anormal aktiviteler veya hatalar i\u00e7in g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri incelemek, sorunlar\u0131 erken tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n*   <strong>PHP Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> PHP performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in OPCache gibi mod\u00fclleri kullanabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Veritaban\u0131 Optimizasyonu:<\/strong> MySQL\/MariaDB performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in <code>mysqltuner<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanabilir veya <code>my.cnf<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 optimize edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, DigitalOcean’\u0131n LAMP 1-Click kurulumunu kullanarak bir web sunucusunu ba\u015ftan sona nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli hale getirece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Linux i\u015fletim sisteminin g\u00fcncellenmesinden, Apache sanal host’lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, MySQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ve PHP’nin test edilmesine kadar her ad\u0131m\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Ayr\u0131ca, web sitenizi HTTPS \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt SSL sertifikas\u0131 kurulumunu ve sunucu g\u00fcvenli\u011finizi art\u0131racak ek ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da inceledik.<\/p>\n<p>DigitalOcean’\u0131n 1-Click kurulumu, karma\u015f\u0131k sunucu kurulum s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini basitle\u015ftirerek geli\u015ftiricilerin ve i\u015fletmelerin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Art\u0131k kendi LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131za sahip bir DigitalOcean Droplet’iniz var ve bu, dinamik web siteleri, bloglar, e-ticaret platformlar\u0131 veya \u00f6zel web uygulamalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kurulum, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir temel olsa da, web sunucusu y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcrekli bir \u00f6\u011frenme ve optimizasyon s\u00fcrecidir. Sunucunuzu d\u00fczenli olarak izlemek, g\u00fcncel tutmak ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek, web sitenizin veya uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n sorunsuz ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. \u015eimdi kendi web projelerinizi bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc altyap\u0131 \u00fczerinde hayata ge\u00e7irme zaman\u0131!<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"DigitalOcean’da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde web uygulamalar\u0131 ve dinamik web siteleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler ve s","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1401],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36069","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-git","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DigitalOcean'da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/digitaloceanda-lamp-1-click-kurulumu-nasil-kullanilir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DigitalOcean'da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DigitalOcean'da LAMP 1-Click Kurulumu Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? 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