{"id":36016,"date":"2025-12-06T20:41:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T17:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=36016"},"modified":"2025-12-06T20:41:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T17:41:33","slug":"nfs-nedir-ve-neden-kullanilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nfs-nedir-ve-neden-kullanilir\/","title":{"rendered":"NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>NFS (Network File System), Unix tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri aras\u0131nda (ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde di\u011fer i\u015fletim sistemleriyle de uyumlu) dosya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k bir dosya sistemi protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rocky Linux 8 gibi RHEL tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde NFS, a\u011f \u00fczerinden dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri merkezi bir konumdan payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Neden NFS Kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Merkezi Depolama:<\/strong> Birden fazla sunucu veya istemcinin ayn\u0131 verilere eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar, bu da veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kaynak Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Disk alan\u0131, uygulamalar ve di\u011fer kaynaklar a\u011f \u00fczerindeki istemcilerle payla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yedekleme Kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcm \u00f6nemli veriler merkezi bir NFS sunucusunda depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yedekleme i\u015flemleri basitle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Basitlik:<\/strong> Kurulumu ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 nispeten kolayd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu rehberde, Rocky Linux 8 \u00fczerinde bir NFS sunucusu kurma, payla\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fturma ve ard\u0131ndan bir NFS istemcisinden bu payla\u015f\u0131ma nas\u0131l eri\u015filece\u011fini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>NFS Sunucu Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>NFS sunucusu, dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri a\u011fdaki di\u011fer sistemlerle payla\u015facak olan makinedir. \u0130\u015fte kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Gerekli Paketleri Kurma<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130lk olarak, NFS sunucusunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan <code>nfs-utils<\/code> paketini kurman\u0131z gerekir. Sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo dnf update -y\nsudo dnf install nfs-utils -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. NFS Servislerini Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h3>\n<p><code>nfs-utils<\/code> paketi kurulduktan sonra, NFS sunucusu ve <code>rpcbind<\/code> servislerini ba\u015flatmal\u0131 ve sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirmelisiniz. <code>rpcbind<\/code>, NFS gibi RPC tabanl\u0131 servislerin port numaralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl enable --now nfs-server rpcbind\nsudo systemctl status nfs-server rpcbind<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Her iki servisin de &#8220;active (running)&#8221; durumda oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Payla\u015f\u0131lacak Dizin Olu\u015fturma ve \u0130zinleri Ayarlama<\/h3>\n<p>NFS ile payla\u015fmak istedi\u011finiz bir dizin olu\u015fturun. Bu dizin, istemcilerin eri\u015fece\u011fi veri deposu olacakt\u0131r. \u0130zinleri ve sahipli\u011fi do\u011fru ayarlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler\nsudo chown nfsnobody:nfsnobody \/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler\nsudo chmod 0777 \/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler<\/code>: \u00d6rnek bir payla\u015f\u0131m dizini. Kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>nfsnobody:nfsnobody<\/code>: NFS istemcileri genellikle payla\u015f\u0131lan dizine <code>nfsnobody<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak eri\u015fir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r, ancak <code>no_root_squash<\/code> gibi se\u00e7eneklerle k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131 e\u015flemesini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakabilirsiniz (ancak dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li>\n<li><code>0777<\/code>: Bu izinler, herkesin okuma, yazma ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. G\u00fcvenlik gereksinimlerinize g\u00f6re daha k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 izinler de kullanabilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, belirli bir grup i\u00e7in <code>0770<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. NFS D\u0131\u015fa Aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (<code>\/etc\/exports<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p>Hangi dizinlerin hangi istemcilerle hangi se\u00e7eneklerle payla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> dosyas\u0131 belirler. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131mlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo vi \/etc\/exports<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir sat\u0131r ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler   192.168.1.0\/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler<\/code>: Payla\u015f\u0131lacak dizinin yolu.<\/li>\n<li><code>192.168.1.0\/24<\/code>: Bu, NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na eri\u015fim izni verilen istemci IP adres aral\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli bir IP adresi (\u00f6rn. <code>192.168.1.100<\/code>), bir ana bilgisayar ad\u0131 (\u00f6rn. <code>istemci.example.com<\/code>) veya t\u00fcm istemciler i\u00e7in <code>*<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz (g\u00fcvenlik riski ta\u015f\u0131r).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Se\u00e7enekler:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code>rw<\/code>: Okuma ve yazma eri\u015fimi. Sadece okuma i\u00e7in <code>ro<\/code> kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><code>sync<\/code>: Yazma isteklerinin diske fiziksel olarak yaz\u0131lana kadar istemciye yan\u0131t vermemesini sa\u011flar. Veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir, ancak performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ancak daha az g\u00fcvenli yazmalar i\u00e7in <code>async<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>no_subtree_check<\/code>: Dizin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki alt dizinlerin her eri\u015fimde kontrol edilmesini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r. Performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r, ancak baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlarda g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturabilir (genellikle \u00f6nerilir).<\/li>\n<li><code>no_root_squash<\/code>: Uzak k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (root) yerel k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak davranmas\u0131na izin verir. Bu, istemcideki root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde tam yetkiye sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, g\u00fcvenlik riski ta\u015f\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli bir ortamda genellikle <code>root_squash<\/code> (varsay\u0131lan) veya <code>all_squash<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>root_squash<\/code> (varsay\u0131lan): Uzak root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n UID\/GID&#8217;sini <code>nfsnobody<\/code> olarak e\u015fler. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir.<\/li>\n<li><code>all_squash<\/code>: T\u00fcm uzak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n UID\/GID&#8217;sini <code>nfsnobody<\/code> olarak e\u015fler.<\/li>\n<li><code>anonuid=xxx, anongid=yyy<\/code>: Belirli bir anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup ID&#8217;si atamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra, NFS d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo exportfs -arv<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, <code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki yeni veya g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Firewall Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Rocky Linux&#8217;ta varsay\u0131lan olarak <code>firewalld<\/code> etkin gelir. NFS servislerinin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in firewall&#8217;da gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs\nsudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind\nsudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komutlar, NFS&#8217;in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel servisleri (nfs, rpc-bind, mountd) g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ekler ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri etkinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<h2>NFS \u0130stemci Kurulumu ve Ba\u011flama<\/h2>\n<p>NFS istemcisi, NFS sunucusundaki payla\u015f\u0131mlara eri\u015fecek olan makinedir.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Gerekli Paketleri Kurma<\/h3>\n<p>NFS istemcisini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yine <code>nfs-utils<\/code> paketine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo dnf update -y\nsudo dnf install nfs-utils -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. <code>rpcbind<\/code> Servisini Ba\u015flatma (\u0130stemci Taraf\u0131nda)<\/h3>\n<p>NFS istemcisi de sunucu ile ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in <code>rpcbind<\/code> servisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl enable --now rpcbind\nsudo systemctl status rpcbind<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. Ba\u011flama Noktas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n<p>NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak istedi\u011finiz bir yerel dizin olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4. NFS Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/h3>\n<p>NFS sunucusunun hangi dizinleri payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in <code>showmount<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code>showmount -e <NFS_SUNUCU_IP_ADRESI><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n<pre><code>showmount -e 192.168.1.10<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, sunucunun payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizinleri ve eri\u015fim izni olan istemcileri listelemelidir.<\/p>\n<h3>5. NFS Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Manuel Ba\u011flama<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eimdi NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz yerel dizine ba\u011flayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mount -t nfs <NFS_SUNUCU_IP_ADRESI>:\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.10:\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in <code>df -h<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code>df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da, ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>6. NFS Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Kald\u0131rma<\/h3>\n<p>Bir NFS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmak isterseniz, <code>umount<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo umount \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kald\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce, ba\u011flama noktas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir i\u015flemin (dosya a\u00e7ma, uygulama \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma vb.) olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n<h2>NFS Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Otomatikle\u015ftirme (<code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>)<\/h2>\n<p>Sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n otomatik olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h3>1. <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h3>\n<pre><code>sudo vi \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code><NFS_SUNUCU_IP_ADRESI>:\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler   \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler   nfs   defaults,_netdev   0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n<pre><code>192.168.1.10:\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler   \/mnt\/nfs\/veriler   nfs   defaults,_netdev   0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Se\u00e7eneklerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>defaults<\/code>: <code>rw<\/code>, <code>suid<\/code>, <code>dev<\/code>, <code>exec<\/code>, <code>auto<\/code>, <code>nouser<\/code>, <code>async<\/code> se\u00e7eneklerinin birle\u015fimidir.<\/li>\n<li><code>_netdev<\/code>: Bu se\u00e7enek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Sisteme, bu dosya sisteminin bir a\u011f cihaz\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve a\u011f servisleri ba\u015flat\u0131lmadan ba\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirir. Bu, \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/li>\n<li><code>0 0<\/code>: \u0130lk <code>0<\/code>, dosya sistemi i\u00e7in dump komutunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir. \u0130kinci <code>0<\/code> ise, fsck kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir (NFS i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. <code>fstab<\/code> Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Test Etme<\/h3>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra, herhangi bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve yeni yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm <code>fstab<\/code> girdilerini ba\u011flamay\u0131 deneyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mount -a<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>E\u011fer herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 almazsan\u0131z, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z do\u011fru demektir. Sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda NFS payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 otomatik olarak ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Hata al\u0131rsan\u0131z, <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zdizimini veya sunucu\/istemci taraf\u0131ndaki yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n<h2>G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130zinler<\/h2>\n<p>NFS kurulumunda g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki noktalara dikkat etmelisiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Firewall Kurallar\u0131:<\/strong> NFS sunucusunda firewall&#8217;u sadece belirli IP adreslerinden veya a\u011flardan eri\u015fime izin verecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n. Genel eri\u015fime izin vermek (<code>*<\/code> kullanmak) \u00e7ok risklidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>no_root_squash<\/code> Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi yaln\u0131zca kesinlikle gerekli oldu\u011funda ve g\u00fcvenli bir yerel a\u011f i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131n. Aksi takdirde, istemcideki root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 sunucu \u00fczerindeki dosya sisteminde tam yetkiye sahip olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UID\/GID E\u015fle\u015fmesi:<\/strong> NFS, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve gruplar\u0131 UID (User ID) ve GID (Group ID) numaralar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tan\u0131r. Sunucu ve istemci \u00fczerinde ayn\u0131 UID\/GID numaralar\u0131na sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturmak, izin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Aksi takdirde, <code>nfsnobody<\/code> olarak e\u015flenebilirler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SELinux:<\/strong> Rocky Linux&#8217;ta SELinux varsay\u0131lan olarak etkindir. NFS payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru SELinux ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. Genellikle <code>nfs_t<\/code> ba\u011flam\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer SELinux nedeniyle eri\u015fim sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:\n<pre><code>sudo semanage fcontext -a -t nfs_t \"\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler(\/.*)?\"\nsudo restorecon -Rv \/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Bu komutlar, payla\u015f\u0131lan dizine NFS ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 atar ve uygular. Sorun giderme a\u015famas\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici olarak SELinux&#8217;u permissive moda al\u0131p (<code>sudo setenforce 0<\/code>) sorunun devam edip etmedi\u011fini kontrol edebilirsiniz, ancak kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilmez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minimum \u0130zinler:<\/strong> Payla\u015f\u0131lan dizine ve i\u00e7indeki dosyalara m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck izinleri verin. \u0130stemcilerin sadece ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 verilere eri\u015febildi\u011finden emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n<p>Bu rehberde, Rocky Linux 8 \u00fczerinde bir NFS sunucusu kurmay\u0131, bir dizini payla\u015fmay\u0131, bir NFS istemcisini yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 ve bu payla\u015f\u0131ma eri\u015fmeyi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 otomatikle\u015ftirme ve g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131na da de\u011findik. NFS, a\u011f tabanl\u0131 dosya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>S: NFSv3 m\u00fc yoksa NFSv4 m\u00fc kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><br \/>\nC: Rocky Linux 8, varsay\u0131lan olarak NFSv4&#8217;\u00fc destekler ve kullan\u0131r. NFSv4, tek bir port \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (firewall yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r), geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri (Kerberos entegrasyonu) ve durum bilgisi olan protokol\u00fc sayesinde NFSv3&#8217;e g\u00f6re genellikle daha modern ve tercih edilen bir se\u00e7enektir. Ancak, eski istemcilerle uyumluluk gerekiyorsa NFSv3 de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S: NFS ba\u011flant\u0131m neden kesiliyor veya eri\u015femiyorum?<\/strong><br \/>\nC: Birka\u00e7 olas\u0131 neden olabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucu ve istemci aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Firewall:<\/strong> Hem sunucuda hem de istemcide firewall kurallar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. Gerekli NFS portlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NFS Servisleri:<\/strong> Hem sunucuda (<code>nfs-server<\/code>, <code>rpcbind<\/code>) hem de istemcide (<code>rpcbind<\/code>) gerekli servislerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucudaki <code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131m hatalar\u0131n\u0131 veya yanl\u0131\u015f IP adreslerini kontrol edin. De\u011fi\u015fikliklerden sonra <code>exportfs -arv<\/code> \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SELinux:<\/strong> SELinux&#8217;un eri\u015fimi engellemedi\u011finden emin olun (yukar\u0131daki &#8220;G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130zinler&#8221; b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S: <code>Permission denied<\/code> hatas\u0131 al\u0131yorum, ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><br \/>\nC: Bu genellikle izin veya e\u015fleme sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> Se\u00e7enekleri:<\/strong> Sunucudaki <code>rw<\/code> (okuma\/yazma) se\u00e7ene\u011finin do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dizin \u0130zinleri:<\/strong> Sunucudaki payla\u015f\u0131lan dizinin (\u00f6rn. <code>\/srv\/nfs\/paylasimlar\/veriler<\/code>) dosya sistemi izinlerini (<code>chmod<\/code>, <code>chown<\/code>) kontrol edin. NFS istemcileri genellikle <code>nfsnobody<\/code> olarak eri\u015fir, bu nedenle bu kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yazma izni oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UID\/GID E\u015fle\u015fmesi:<\/strong> \u0130stemcideki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n UID\/GID&#8217;leri sunucudakilerle e\u015fle\u015fmiyorsa, <code>nfsnobody<\/code> olarak e\u015flenirler ve bu da izin sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. <code>no_root_squash<\/code> veya <code>anonuid\/anongid<\/code> se\u00e7eneklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz (g\u00fcvenlik risklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak).<\/li>\n<li><strong>SELinux:<\/strong> SELinux&#8217;un do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda eri\u015fimi engelleyebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S: <code>showmount -e<\/code> komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor veya bo\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 veriyor?<\/strong><br \/>\nC: Bu durum genellikle NFS sunucusunda <code>rpcbind<\/code> servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya firewall&#8217;un <code>rpc-bind<\/code> servisini engelledi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Sunucuda <code>sudo systemctl status rpcbind<\/code> komutunu kontrol edin ve firewall kurallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S: NFS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, nas\u0131l h\u0131zland\u0131rabilirim?<\/strong><br \/>\nC: Performans\u0131 etkileyen birka\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A\u011f H\u0131z\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucu ve istemci aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>sync<\/code> vs <code>async<\/code>:<\/strong> Sunucudaki <code>\/etc\/exports<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda <code>async<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanmak yazma performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir, ancak veri kayb\u0131 riski ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>rsize<\/code> ve <code>wsize<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0130stemci taraf\u0131nda <code>mount<\/code> se\u00e7eneklerinde <code>rsize<\/code> (okuma boyutu) ve <code>wsize<\/code> (yazma boyutu) de\u011ferlerini ayarlayabilirsiniz (\u00f6rn. <code>rsize=8192,wsize=8192<\/code>). Genellikle 8192 veya 32768 gibi de\u011ferler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu modern NFS kurulumunda varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferler yeterince optimize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>noatime<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0130stemci taraf\u0131nda <code>noatime<\/code> mount se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanarak dosya eri\u015fim zaman\u0131 g\u00fcncellemelerini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak I\/O y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\nNFS (Network File System), Unix tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri aras\u0131nda (ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde di\u011fer i\u015fletim sistemleriy","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36016","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nfs-nedir-ve-neden-kullanilir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NFS Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? 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