{"id":35861,"date":"2025-12-04T20:40:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T17:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=35861"},"modified":"2025-12-04T20:40:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T17:40:45","slug":"ubuntu-18-04-uzerine-grafana-kurulumu-ve-guvenligi-kapsamli-bir-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-18-04-uzerine-grafana-kurulumu-ve-guvenligi-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Grafana Kurulumu ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Grafana Kurulumu ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber<\/h2>\n

Grafana, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir veri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ve analiz arac\u0131d\u0131r. Zaman serisi verilerini grafikler, panolar ve uyar\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde sunarak sistemlerinizi, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 izlemenize olanak tan\u0131r. Prometheus, InfluxDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Elasticsearch gibi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 veri kayna\u011f\u0131yla entegre olabilmesi sayesinde, operasyonel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck sa\u011flamak isteyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc organizasyon i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu makale, Ubuntu 18.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Grafana’y\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve en iyi g\u00fcvenlik uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak nas\u0131l g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k IT altyap\u0131lar\u0131nda, sistemlerin ve uygulamalar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli izlenmesi, olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 proaktif bir \u015fekilde tespit etmek ve performans\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Grafana, bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, esnek ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir platform sunar. Bu rehberde, Ubuntu 18.04 sunucunuzda Grafana’y\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesinden, Grafana hizmetinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar detayland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca, kurulumdan sonra Grafana kurulumunuzu yetkisiz eri\u015fime ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik tehditlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in uygulaman\u0131z gereken temel g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini de ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu \u00f6nlemler, varsay\u0131lan kimlik bilgilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten, SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesini etkinle\u015ftirmeye ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kapsayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Grafana Nedir?<\/h3>\n

Grafana, verileri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek, analiz etmek ve izlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, web tabanl\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir platformdur. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli veri kaynaklar\u0131ndan gelen metrikleri ve g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri tek bir merkezi aray\u00fczde birle\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

* Zengin Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> Prometheus, InfluxDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Elasticsearch, CloudWatch, Graphite, OpenTSDB gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da veri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekler. Bu sayede farkl\u0131 sistemlerden gelen verileri tek bir yerde toplayabilirsiniz.
\n* Esnek Panolar (Dashboards):<\/strong> S\u00fcr\u00fckle ve b\u0131rak aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir panolar olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu panolar, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme t\u00fcrleri (grafikler, tablolar, g\u00f6stergeler vb.) ile zenginle\u015ftirilebilir.
\n* Uyar\u0131 Sistemi (Alerting):<\/strong> Belirli e\u015fik de\u011ferleri a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya belirli ko\u015fullar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda e-posta, Slack, PagerDuty gibi kanallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla otomatik uyar\u0131lar g\u00f6nderebilir.
\n* Eklenti Mimarisi:<\/strong> Geni\u015f bir eklenti ekosistemine sahiptir, bu da yeni veri kaynaklar\u0131, g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme t\u00fcrleri ve uygulama entegrasyonlar\u0131 eklemeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve Organizasyon Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 rolleri (y\u00f6netici, d\u00fczenleyici, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyici) ve organizasyonlar aras\u0131nda eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Grafana, DevOps ekipleri, sistem y\u00f6neticileri, geli\u015ftiriciler ve i\u015f analistleri taraf\u0131ndan sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 izlemek, uygulama sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek, i\u015f metriklerini g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek ve h\u0131zl\u0131 karar verme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini desteklemek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Grafana kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011finden emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 18.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Temiz bir Ubuntu 18.04 sunucusu veya sanal makine.
\n* Sudo Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong> sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip, root olmayan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131. G\u00fcvenlik nedenleriyle root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak do\u011frudan i\u015flem yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcncel Sistem:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun paket listesini ve y\u00fckl\u00fc paketlerini g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\n    sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131: Alan Ad\u0131 ve DNS Kay\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/strong> Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne bir alan ad\u0131 \u00fczerinden eri\u015fmeyi ve SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesi kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bir alan ad\u0131na ve bu alan ad\u0131n\u0131n sunucunuzun IP adresine i\u015faret eden A\/AAAA DNS kayd\u0131na sahip olman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6n ko\u015fullar tamamland\u0131ktan sonra Grafana kurulumuna ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Grafana Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Grafana’y\u0131 Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerine kurman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6nerilen yolu, Grafana APT deposunu sisteminize eklemek ve ard\u0131ndan paket y\u00f6neticisini kullanarak kurulum yapmakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, Grafana’n\u0131n g\u00fcncellemelerini kolayca alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
APT Deposu \u00dczerinden Kurulum<\/h4>\n
\u0130lk olarak, Grafana APT deposunun GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize eklememiz gerekiyor. Bu, indirdi\u011finiz paketlerin orijinalli\u011fini do\u011frulaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1.  GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u00e7e Aktarma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
wget -q -O - https:\/\/packages.grafana.com\/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, Grafana’n\u0131n genel GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 indirir ve sisteminizin g\u00fcvenilir anahtarlar listesine ekler.<\/p>\n
2.  Grafana APT Deposunu Ekleme:<\/strong>
\n    \u015eimdi Grafana deposunu sisteminizin kaynak listesine ekleyece\u011fiz. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 Grafana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc mevcuttur: “OSS” (A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc) ve “Enterprise” (Kurumsal S\u00fcr\u00fcm). Genellikle, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in OSS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc yeterlidir. Enterprise s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, ek \u00f6zellikler ve ticari destek sunar. Bu rehberde OSS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kuraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
echo \"deb https:\/\/packages.grafana.com\/oss\/deb stable main\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/grafana.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/grafana.list<\/code> adl\u0131 yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturur ve Grafana deposu bilgisini bu dosyaya yazar.<\/p>\n
3.  APT Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni depoyu ekledikten sonra, apt<\/code> paket listesini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir, b\u00f6ylece sisteminiz yeni depodan paketleri tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Paket Y\u00f6neticisi ile Kurulum<\/h4>\n
APT paket listesi g\u00fcncellendikten sonra, Grafana’y\u0131 y\u00fcklemeye haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install grafana -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Grafana OSS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize y\u00fckleyecektir. Kurulum i\u015flemi biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
Sistem Hizmetini Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Grafana y\u00fcklendikten sonra, systemd<\/code> ile y\u00f6netilen bir hizmet olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Hizmeti ba\u015flatmal\u0131 ve sistemin her \u00f6ny\u00fcklemede otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Grafana Hizmetini Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Grafana Hizmetini Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, sunucunuz yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Grafana’n\u0131n otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
3.  Hizmet Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Grafana hizmetinin ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “active (running)” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Grafana Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h3>\n
Grafana varsay\u0131lan olarak 3000 numaral\u0131 HTTP portunda dinler. Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan ve hizmet ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kullanarak Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres \u00e7ubu\u011funa sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 ve 3000 portunu yaz\u0131n:
\nhttp:\/\/YOUR_SERVER_IP_OR_DOMAIN:3000<\/code><\/p>\n
\u0130lk eri\u015fiminizde bir giri\u015f ekran\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Varsay\u0131lan kimlik bilgileri \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n*   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131:<\/strong> admin<\/code>
\n*   Parola:<\/strong> admin<\/code><\/p>\n
Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, Grafana sizden varsay\u0131lan parolay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenizi isteyecektir. Bu, Grafana kurulumunuzu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman\u0131n ilk ve en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola belirledi\u011finizden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Grafana G\u00fcvenli\u011fini Sa\u011flama<\/h3>\n
Grafana’n\u0131n kurulumu kolay olsa da, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in ek ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde, Grafana kurulumunuzu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in uygulayabilece\u011finiz \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Varsay\u0131lan Kimlik Bilgilerini De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Grafana’ya ilk giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, varsay\u0131lan admin<\/code>\/admin<\/code> kimlik bilgilerini hemen de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz istenir. Bu ad\u0131m\u0131 kesinlikle atlamay\u0131n. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, benzersiz bir parola belirleyin ve bunu g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklay\u0131n. Varsay\u0131lan parolalar\u0131 kullanmak, yetkisiz eri\u015fim i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
SSL\/TLS \u015eifrelemesini Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne HTTP \u00fczerinden eri\u015fmek, ileti\u015fiminizin \u015fifrelenmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, hassas verilerin ve kimlik bilgilerinin a\u011f \u00fczerinden potansiyel olarak ele ge\u00e7irilmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu nedenle, HTTPS kullanarak SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesini etkinle\u015ftirmek zorunludur. Bunu yapman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yolu, bir ters proxy (\u00f6rne\u011fin Nginx veya Apache) kullanmak ve bu proxy \u00fczerinde SSL’i yap\u0131land\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Let’s Encrypt ile Sertifika Alma<\/h5>\n
Let’s Encrypt, \u00fccretsiz, otomatik ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir sertifika yetkilisidir (CA). Certbot arac\u0131 ile kolayca SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131 alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Certbot’u Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, Certbot’u ve Nginx eklentisini y\u00fckler.<\/p>\n
2.  Sertifika Alma:<\/strong>
\n    Nginx’i ters proxy olarak kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in, Certbot’un Nginx eklentisini kullanarak sertifika alabiliriz. Ancak Nginx hen\u00fcz yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ilk olarak certonly<\/code> modunu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d your_domain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
    your_domain.com<\/code> yerine kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131n. Certbot sizden bir e-posta adresi isteyecek (yenileme ve g\u00fcvenlik bildirimleri i\u00e7in) ve hizmet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmenizi isteyecektir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/your_domain.com\/<\/code> dizininde saklanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
    Not:<\/strong> Nginx’i kurup temel bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma yapt\u0131ktan sonra sudo certbot --nginx -d your_domain.com<\/code> komutunu kullanarak da sertifika alabilirsiniz. Bu komut, Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00fcnceller.<\/p>\n
Nginx Ters Proxy Kurulumu<\/h5>\n
Nginx’i y\u00fckleyerek ve yap\u0131land\u0131rarak, gelen HTTPS isteklerini Grafana’n\u0131n yerel HTTP portuna (3000) y\u00f6nlendirebiliriz.<\/p>\n
1.  Nginx’i Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt install nginx -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Nginx Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni bir Nginx sunucu blo\u011fu dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/grafana<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. your_domain.com<\/code> ve sertifika yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyin.<\/p>\n
server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name your_domain.com;\n        return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen 443 ssl http2;\n        server_name your_domain.com;\n\n        ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/your_domain.com\/fullchain.pem;\n        ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/your_domain.com\/privkey.pem;\n\n        ssl_session_timeout 1d;\n        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\n        ssl_session_tickets off;\n\n        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n        ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';\n        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\n\n        # HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)\n        add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload\";\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/localhost:3000\/;\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;\n        }\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma, HTTP isteklerini HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirir, SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131r ve gelen istekleri Grafana’n\u0131n yerel 3000 portuna iletir.<\/p>\n
3.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme ve Test Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Yeni yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Nginx’in sites-enabled<\/code> dizinine ba\u011flay\u0131n ve varsay\u0131lan Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo ln -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/grafana \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/\n    sudo unlink \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zdizimini kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo nginx -t<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Herhangi bir hata yoksa, Nginx hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n
Grafana Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (Nginx i\u00e7in)<\/h5>\n
Grafana’n\u0131n, bir ters proxy arkas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ayarlar\u0131 yapman\u0131z gerekir. Grafana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini<\/code> adresindedir.<\/p>\n
1.  Grafana Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
    [server]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulun veya ekleyin\/de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
[server]\n    # Nginx 3000 portuna proxy yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Grafana'n\u0131n kendi portu de\u011fi\u015fmez.\n    # http_port = 3000\n    domain = your_domain.com\n    root_url = https:\/\/your_domain.com\/\n    # Nginx'in ters proxy olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.\n    # E\u011fer Grafana'ya bir alt dizin \u00fczerinden eri\u015fiyorsan\u0131z (\u00f6rn. your_domain.com\/grafana),\n    # serve_from_sub_path = true yapmal\u0131 ve root_url'yi buna g\u00f6re ayarlamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.\n    # Bu \u00f6rnekte root_url do\u011frudan alan ad\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in false kalabilir.\n    serve_from_sub_path = false<\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin ve dosyay\u0131 kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  Grafana Hizmetini Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    Yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Grafana hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u015eimdi https:\/\/your_domain.com<\/code> adresinden Grafana’ya g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde eri\u015febilmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Eri\u015fim Kontrol\u00fc ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
Grafana, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve organizasyonlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc sunar.<\/p>\n
*   Anonim Eri\u015fimi Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Grafana anonim eri\u015fime izin verebilir. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda bu genellikle istenmez. \/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda [auth.anonymous]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde enabled = false<\/code> olarak ayarlayarak anonim eri\u015fimi kapat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
[auth.anonymous]\n    enabled = false<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ard\u0131ndan Grafana hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.
\n*   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Rolleri:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131lara yaln\u0131zca ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 izinleri verin. Grafana’da Admin<\/code>, Editor<\/code> ve Viewer<\/code> gibi roller bulunur. Yaln\u0131zca Grafana’y\u0131 y\u00f6netmesi gereken ki\u015filere Admin<\/code> rol\u00fc atay\u0131n.
\n*   D\u0131\u015f Kimlik Do\u011frulama:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck organizasyonlar i\u00e7in LDAP, OAuth veya SAML gibi d\u0131\u015f kimlik do\u011frulama sistemleriyle entegrasyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimini merkezile\u015ftirir ve parola politikalar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
API Anahtarlar\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
Grafana API anahtarlar\u0131, programatik eri\u015fim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve t\u0131pk\u0131 parolalar gibi hassas bilgilerdir.<\/p>\n
*   Minimum Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k Prensibi:<\/strong> API anahtarlar\u0131na yaln\u0131zca yapmalar\u0131 gereken minimum izinleri verin.
\n*   D\u00fczenli De\u011fi\u015fim (Rotation):<\/strong> API anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin.
\n*   G\u00fcvenli Depolama:<\/strong> Anahtarlar\u0131 asla a\u00e7\u0131k metin olarak depolamay\u0131n veya kaynak koduna g\u00f6mmeyin. Ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenleri veya g\u00fcvenli bir s\u0131r y\u00f6neticisi kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
Grafana, kendi dahili veritaban\u0131n\u0131 (SQLite) kullanabilir veya PostgreSQL\/MySQL gibi harici veritabanlar\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir. E\u011fer harici bir veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z:<\/p>\n
*   G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kimlik Bilgileri:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, benzersiz kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131 ve parolalar kullan\u0131n.
\n*   Minimum Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k:<\/strong> Grafana’n\u0131n veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na yaln\u0131zca ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu tablolar \u00fczerinde okuma\/yazma izinleri verin.
\n*   \u015eifreli Ba\u011flant\u0131lar:<\/strong> M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 SSL\/TLS kullanarak \u015fifreleyin.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik G\u00fcncellemeleri<\/h4>\n
Grafana ve Ubuntu i\u015fletim sistemi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemelerini d\u00fczenli olarak takip edin ve uygulay\u0131n. Bu, bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
*   Grafana G\u00fcncellemesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt update\n    sudo apt upgrade grafana -y\n    sudo systemctl restart grafana-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt update\n    sudo apt upgrade -y\n    sudo apt dist-upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u00c7ekirdek g\u00fcncellemeleri sonras\u0131 sunucuyu yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin UFW – Uncomplicated Firewall) kullanarak sunucunuza gelen trafi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131n. Yaln\u0131zca gerekli portlara izin verin.<\/p>\n
1.  UFW’yi Y\u00fckleme (y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse):<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo apt install ufw -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Gerekli Portlara \u0130zin Verme:<\/strong>
\n    *   SSH (22):<\/strong> Sunucuya uzaktan eri\u015fim i\u00e7in.
\n    *   HTTP (80):<\/strong> Nginx’in HTTP isteklerini HTTPS’ye y\u00f6nlendirmesi i\u00e7in.
\n    *   HTTPS (443):<\/strong> Nginx’in g\u00fcvenli Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fc sunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in.
\n    *   Grafana (3000):<\/strong> E\u011fer Nginx kullanm\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve do\u011frudan Grafana’ya eri\u015fiyorsan\u0131z bu portu a\u00e7mal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Nginx kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in 3000 portunu d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7maya gerek yoktur, sadece localhost’tan eri\u015filebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH\n    sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP' # veya sudo ufw allow 80\n    sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS' # veya sudo ufw allow 443\n    # E\u011fer do\u011frudan Grafana'ya eri\u015fiyorsan\u0131z (Nginx olmadan), a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:\n    # sudo ufw allow 3000\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bir uyar\u0131 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z, y<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak devam edin.<\/p>\n
4.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0130zin verdi\u011finiz kurallar\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Veri Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
Grafana’n\u0131n temel i\u015flevi, veri kaynaklar\u0131ndan veri \u00e7ekmek ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmektir. Kurulum ve g\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne giri\u015f yaparak veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
1.  Giri\u015f Yap\u0131n:<\/strong> Grafana aray\u00fcz\u00fcne https:\/\/your_domain.com<\/code> adresinden y\u00f6netici kimlik bilgilerinizle giri\u015f yap\u0131n.
\n2.  Veri Kaynaklar\u0131 Men\u00fcs\u00fcne Gitme:<\/strong> Sol men\u00fcde di\u015fli \u00e7ark simgesine (Configuration) t\u0131klay\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan “Data Sources” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n3.  Yeni Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 Ekleme:<\/strong> “Add data source” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n4.  Veri Kayna\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Se\u00e7me:<\/strong> Kullanmak istedi\u011finiz veri kayna\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Prometheus, MySQL, PostgreSQL, InfluxDB vb.).
\n5.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Detaylar\u0131n\u0131 Girme:<\/strong> Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz veri kayna\u011f\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131 detaylar\u0131n\u0131 (URL, kimlik bilgileri, veritaban\u0131 ad\u0131 vb.) girin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Prometheus i\u00e7in Prometheus sunucunuzun URL’sini girmeniz yeterli olacakt\u0131r.
\n6.  Kaydet ve Test Et:<\/strong> Bilgileri girdikten sonra “Save & Test” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klayarak ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 test edin. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 onay\u0131 almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Panolar Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, verilerinizi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in panolar olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Yeni Pano Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Sol men\u00fcde art\u0131 (+) simgesine t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Dashboard” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in. Ard\u0131ndan “Add new panel” d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2.  Sorgu Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Panelinizi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131rken, “Query” sekmesinde veri kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011finiz verileri \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bir sorgu yaz\u0131n. Sorgu dili, se\u00e7ti\u011finiz veri kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fecektir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Prometheus i\u00e7in PromQL, SQL veritabanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in SQL).
\n3.  G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme T\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Se\u00e7me:<\/strong> “Visualization” sekmesinde, verilerinizi en iyi \u015fekilde sunacak g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc (Graph, Stat, Gauge, Table vb.) se\u00e7in.
\n4.  Ayarlar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong> G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 (eksen etiketleri, renkler, e\u015fikler vb.) \u00f6zelle\u015ftirin.
\n5.  Paneli Kaydetme:<\/strong> Paneli yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 bitirdi\u011finizde, sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fedeki kaydet d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n, panoya bir ad verin ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir klas\u00f6re kaydedin.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 18.04 sunucunuza Grafana’y\u0131 nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik olan g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini nas\u0131l uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Grafana’y\u0131 kurarken GPG anahtar\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131ndan, APT deposu eklemeye ve sistem hizmeti y\u00f6netimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye kadar t\u00fcm temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131k.<\/p>\n
En \u00f6nemlisi, varsay\u0131lan kimlik bilgilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, Let’s Encrypt ile SSL\/TLS sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Nginx \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli HTTPS eri\u015fimi sa\u011flamak, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmak ve d\u00fczenli g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemelerini takip etmek gibi hayati g\u00fcvenlik uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. Bu ad\u0131mlar, Grafana kurulumunuzu yetkisiz eri\u015fime ve veri ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k Grafana kurulumunuz g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 entegre edebilir, anlaml\u0131 panolar olu\u015fturabilir ve sistemlerinizin performans\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde edebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, g\u00fcvenlik dinamik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir ve s\u00fcrekli izleme, d\u00fczenli g\u00fcncellemeler ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, Grafana kurulumunuzun uzun vadede g\u00fcvende kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Grafana Kurulumu ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber\nGrafana, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir veri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ve anali","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-35861","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Grafana Kurulumu ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber - 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