{"id":35477,"date":"2025-11-30T05:40:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T02:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=35477"},"modified":"2025-11-30T05:40:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T02:40:38","slug":"ubuntu-16-04-uzerine-vnc-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-16-04-uzerine-vnc-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f: VNC Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma, uzaktan eri\u015fim ve sistem y\u00f6netimi, modern BT altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bile\u015fenleridir. Bu ba\u011flamda, Virtual Network Computing (VNC), kullan\u0131c\u0131lara bir bilgisayar\u0131n grafiksel masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011f \u00fczerinden uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ve kontrol etme imkan\u0131 sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir protokold\u00fcr. VNC, temel olarak bir sunucu (VNC server) ve bir istemci (VNC viewer) olmak \u00fczere iki ana bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur. Sunucu, masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fan bilgisayarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, istemci bu masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek ve etkile\u015fimde bulunmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 16.04, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) sunan ve bir\u00e7ok sunucu ortam\u0131nda hala aktif olarak kullan\u0131lan sa\u011flam bir i\u015fletim sistemidir. Bu makale, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucunuz veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinde VNC sunucusunu nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. VNC, \u00f6zellikle GUI tabanl\u0131 uygulamalara uzaktan eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak, g\u00f6rsel hata ay\u0131klama yapmak veya bir sunucu \u00fczerinde masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen sistem y\u00f6neticileri ve geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VNC’nin temel avantajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda platformlar aras\u0131 uyumluluk (Windows, macOS, Linux, mobil cihazlar), kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel bir aray\u00fczle uzaktan etkile\u015fim kurma yetene\u011fi bulunur. Ancak, VNC’nin varsay\u0131lan olarak \u015fifreleme sunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenlik, kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde kritik bir husustur. Bu makalede, bu g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015felerini gidermek i\u00e7in SSH t\u00fcnelleme gibi y\u00f6ntemlere de de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

VNC kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 16.04 \u0130\u015fletim Sistemi:<\/strong> Kurulum yap\u0131lacak sunucu veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda Ubuntu 16.04 y\u00fckl\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sudo<\/code> yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Gerekli paketleri indirmek i\u00e7in aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gereklidir.
\n* Temel Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Bilgisi:<\/strong> Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya a\u015fina olman\u0131z beklenir.
\n* Masa\u00fcst\u00fc Ortam\u0131 (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong> E\u011fer sunucunuzda hen\u00fcz bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, VNC arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6rsel bir aray\u00fcz elde etmek i\u00e7in hafif bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin XFCE) kurman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Ubuntu 16.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan Unity masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 VNC ile iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, kaynak t\u00fcketimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan XFCE gibi daha hafif se\u00e7enekler uzaktan eri\u015fim i\u00e7in daha verimlidir.<\/p>\n

VNC Sunucusu Se\u00e7imi<\/h3>\n

Piyasada \u00e7e\u015fitli VNC sunucusu uygulamalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her birinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* TightVNC:<\/strong> Genellikle hafifli\u011fi, iyi performans\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi nedeniyle tercih edilir. \u00d6zellikle bant geni\u015fli\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131larda etkilidir. Ubuntu depolar\u0131nda kolayca bulunur.
\n* TigerVNC:<\/strong> Modern ve performans odakl\u0131 bir VNC uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sunar.
\n* x11vnc:<\/strong> Mevcut X sunucunuzu payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, fiziksel olarak ba\u011fl\u0131 bir monit\u00f6rdeki masa\u00fcst\u00fc oturumunu uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek istedi\u011finizde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu makalede, kurulumu ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 basit oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7o\u011fu kullan\u0131m senaryosu i\u00e7in yeterli performans\u0131 sundu\u011fu i\u00e7in TightVNC<\/strong>‘ye odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

TightVNC Kurulumu<\/h3>\n

TightVNC sunucusunu Ubuntu 16.04’e kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin.<\/p>\n

Sistem Paketlerini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sistem paket listenizi g\u00fcncellemek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, en yeni paket s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini alman\u0131z\u0131 ve olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
sudo apt update<\/code> komutu, yerel paket indeksini uzak depolardaki bilgilerle senkronize eder. sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code> komutu ise mevcut t\u00fcm y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir ve -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n
TightVNC Sunucusunu Kurma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi TightVNC sunucu paketini kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install tightvncserver -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, tightvncserver<\/code> paketini ve onun ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize y\u00fckleyecektir.<\/p>\n
Masa\u00fcst\u00fc Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Kurma (Gerekirse)<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda grafiksel bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse veya VNC oturumlar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in daha hafif bir alternatif kullanmak istiyorsan\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin XFCE), \u015fimdi kurabilirsiniz. XFCE, VNC i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir se\u00e7imdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 az t\u00fcketir ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir deneyim sunar.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, XFCE masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ve baz\u0131 ek yard\u0131mc\u0131 programlar\u0131 kurar. E\u011fer Unity veya ba\u015fka bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 kullanmak istiyorsan\u0131z, ilgili paketleri kurabilirsiniz (ubuntu-desktop<\/code> gibi), ancak bunlar daha fazla kaynak t\u00fcketebilir.<\/p>\n
VNC Sunucusunun \u0130lk Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
TightVNC sunucusunu kurduktan sonra, ilk kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak bir VNC parolas\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (xstartup) olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
VNC Parolas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
VNC sunucusunu ilk kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, sizden bir eri\u015fim parolas\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z\u0131 isteyecektir. Bu parola, VNC istemcileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunucuya ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
vncserver<\/code><\/pre>\n
Komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz:<\/p>\n
You will require a password to access your desktops.\n\nPassword:\nVerify:<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola girin ve tekrar onaylay\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan, yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 (read-only) bir parola olu\u015fturmak isteyip istemedi\u011finiz sorulacakt\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda buna gerek yoktur, bu y\u00fczden n<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y\/n)? n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Parola ba\u015far\u0131yla ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, VNC sunucusu yeni bir oturum ba\u015flatacak ve size bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131 (display number) atayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, :1<\/code> veya :2<\/code> gibi. Bu numara, VNC istemcinizle ba\u011flan\u0131rken kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z port numaras\u0131n\u0131 belirler (5901, 5902 vb.).<\/p>\n
New 'X' desktop is yourhostname:1\n\nStarting applications specified in \/home\/youruser\/.vnc\/xstartup\nLog file is \/home\/youruser\/.vnc\/yourhostname:1.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, VNC sunucusunun :1<\/code> numaral\u0131 masa\u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 5901<\/code> portundan eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
VNC Sunucusunu Durdurma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi ilk ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z VNC oturumunu durdurun. Bunu, xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek VNC oturumunun do\u011fru masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
vncserver -kill :1<\/code><\/pre>\n
:1<\/code> yerine, yukar\u0131daki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da size atanan masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Komut ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, oturumun kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir mesaj alacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Killing Xvnc process ID 12345<\/code><\/pre>\n
VNC Sunucusunun Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (xstartup Dosyas\u0131)<\/h3>\n
VNC sunucusunun do\u011fru masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in .vnc\/xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir. Bu dosya, VNC sunucusu ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak komutlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
xstartup Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Yedeklenmesi<\/h4>\n
Herhangi bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeden \u00f6nce, orijinalini yedeklemek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
mv ~\/.vnc\/xstartup ~\/.vnc\/xstartup.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n
xstartup Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi yeni bir xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve d\u00fczenleyelim. Bu \u00f6rnekte, XFCE masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatacak bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
nano ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u00e7\u0131lan edit\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\nxrdb $HOME\/.Xresources\nstartxfce4 &<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   #!\/bin\/bash<\/code>: Bu, beti\u011fin bash kabu\u011fu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   xrdb $HOME\/.Xresources<\/code>: Bu komut, X kaynak ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckler. Genellikle masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n*   startxfce4 &<\/code>: Bu komut, XFCE masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r. Sonundaki &<\/code> i\u015fareti, komutun arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve VNC sunucusunun di\u011fer i\u015flemlere devam etmesine izin verir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer farkl\u0131 bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, startxfce4<\/code> yerine ilgili ba\u015flatma komutunu kullanman\u0131z gerekir:
\n*   GNOME (Ubuntu Unity):<\/strong> gnome-session &<\/code> (Ancak Unity’nin VNC ile performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir.)
\n*   MATE:<\/strong> mate-session &<\/code>
\n*   LXDE:<\/strong> startlxde &<\/code><\/p>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin (Ctrl+O, Enter) ve kapat\u0131n (Ctrl+X).<\/p>\n
xstartup Dosyas\u0131na \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130zni Verme<\/h4>\n
xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
chmod +x ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code><\/pre>\n
VNC Sunucusunu Ba\u015flatma ve Y\u00f6netme<\/h3>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, VNC sunucusunu istedi\u011finiz ayarlarla ba\u015flatabilir ve y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
VNC Sunucusunu Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi VNC sunucusunu belirli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (geometry) ve renk derinli\u011fi (depth) ile ba\u015flatabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1280×800 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve 24 bit renk derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
vncserver -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24 :1<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   -geometry 1280x800<\/code>: VNC oturumunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ayarlar. Kendi tercihlerinize g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.
\n*   -depth 24<\/code>: Renk derinli\u011fini 24 bit olarak ayarlar. Daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler daha iyi renk kalitesi sunar ancak daha fazla bant geni\u015fli\u011fi t\u00fcketir.
\n*   :1<\/code>: VNC oturumunun masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu numara, 5900 + masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131<\/code> form\u00fcl\u00fcyle VNC portunu belirler. Yani :1<\/code> i\u00e7in 5901, :2<\/code> i\u00e7in 5902 vb.<\/p>\n
Komut ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, VNC sunucusunun belirtilen ayarlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir mesaj g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n
VNC Oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 Listeleme<\/h4>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan VNC oturumlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
vncserver -list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, aktif VNC oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaralar\u0131n\u0131 listeler.<\/p>\n
VNC Oturumunu Durdurma<\/h4>\n
Belirli bir VNC oturumunu durdurmak i\u00e7in vncserver -kill<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
vncserver -kill :1<\/code><\/pre>\n
:1<\/code> yerine durdurmak istedi\u011finiz oturumun masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Hususlar\u0131: SSH T\u00fcnelleme<\/h3>\n
VNC protokol\u00fc, varsay\u0131lan olarak \u015fifreleme sa\u011flamaz. Bu, VNC trafi\u011finin a\u011f \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131k metin olarak g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan kolayca ele ge\u00e7irilebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in SSH t\u00fcnelleme<\/strong> kullanmak \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. SSH t\u00fcnelleme, VNC trafi\u011fini g\u00fcvenli bir SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u015fifreleyerek iletir.<\/p>\n
SSH T\u00fcnelleme Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h4>\n
SSH t\u00fcnelleme, yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki bir portu (\u00f6rne\u011fin 5901) uzak sunucudaki bir porta (\u00f6rne\u011fin 5901) ba\u011flar. VNC istemciniz daha sonra localhost:5901<\/code> adresine ba\u011flan\u0131r ve SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bu trafi\u011fi g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde uzak sunucudaki ger\u00e7ek VNC portuna iletir.<\/p>\n
SSH T\u00fcneli Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdan (VNC istemcisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisayar) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanarak bir SSH t\u00fcneli olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -N -f your_username@your_server_ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutu kendi bilgilerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin:
\n*   your_username<\/code>: Ubuntu sunucunuzdaki kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z.
\n*   your_server_ip<\/code>: Ubuntu sunucunuzun IP adresi veya ana bilgisayar ad\u0131.
\n*   -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901<\/code>: Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdaki 5901 portunu (localhost:5901<\/code>) uzak sunucudaki 127.0.0.1:5901<\/code> portuna y\u00f6nlendirir. E\u011fer VNC sunucunuz :2<\/code> (5902) \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, bu k\u0131sm\u0131 5902:127.0.0.1:5902<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekir.
\n*   -N<\/code>: Uzak komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaz. Yaln\u0131zca port y\u00f6nlendirme yapar.
\n*   -f<\/code>: SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 arka plana atar.<\/p>\n
Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra SSH parolan\u0131z istenecektir (e\u011fer SSH anahtar\u0131 kullanm\u0131yorsan\u0131z). Parolay\u0131 girdikten sonra t\u00fcnel kurulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 16.04’te Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) varsay\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer UFW etkinse, SSH ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na izin verdi\u011finizden emin olman\u0131z gerekir. VNC portunu (5901, 5902 vb.) do\u011frudan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7man\u0131z tavsiye edilmez<\/strong> \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir. Yaln\u0131zca SSH portunu a\u00e7mal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
SSH portuna izin verme (varsay\u0131lan 22):<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya belirli bir port kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 22\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer UFW etkin de\u011filse, etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
Mevcut UFW kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6nemli:<\/strong> SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, VNC portlar\u0131n\u0131 (5901, 5902 vb.) do\u011frudan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda a\u00e7man\u0131za gerek yoktur. Bu portlara yaln\u0131zca localhost<\/code> \u00fczerinden eri\u015filecektir.<\/p>\n
VNC \u0130stemcisi ile Ba\u011flanma<\/h3>\n
SSH t\u00fcnelini kurduktan sonra, herhangi bir VNC istemcisini (viewer) kullanarak sunucunuza ba\u011flanabilirsiniz. Pop\u00fcler VNC istemcileri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   RealVNC Viewer:<\/strong> Windows, macOS, Linux, Android ve iOS i\u00e7in mevcuttur.
\n*   TightVNC Viewer:<\/strong> Windows i\u00e7in mevcuttur.
\n*   TigerVNC Viewer:<\/strong> Windows, macOS ve Linux i\u00e7in mevcuttur.
\n*   macOS Yerle\u015fik VNC \u0130stemcisi:<\/strong> Finder’da Command+K<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na basarak veya “Go” men\u00fcs\u00fcnden “Connect to Server” se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanarak vnc:\/\/localhost:5901<\/code> adresine ba\u011flanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 (SSH T\u00fcneli ile)<\/h4>\n
1.  VNC \u0130stemcinizi A\u00e7\u0131n:<\/strong> Tercih etti\u011finiz VNC istemcisini ba\u015flat\u0131n.
\n2.  Adresi Girin:<\/strong> Ba\u011flant\u0131 adresi olarak localhost:5901<\/code> (veya VNC oturumunuzun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 port numaras\u0131) girin.
\n    *   \u00d6rnek:<\/strong> localhost:1<\/code> veya localhost:5901<\/code>
\n3.  Ba\u011flan\u0131n:<\/strong> Ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n4.  Parolay\u0131 Girin:<\/strong> VNC sunucusunu ilk yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131rken belirledi\u011finiz VNC parolas\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucunuzun masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc VNC istemcinizde g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve Y\u00f6netim<\/h3>\n
VNC sunucusunu daha kararl\u0131 ve y\u00f6netilebilir hale getirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar yapabiliriz. \u00d6zellikle VNC oturumunun sunucu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
VNC Oturumunu Systemd Servisi Olarak \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Bazl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 16.04 systemd<\/code> kullan\u0131r. VNC oturumunuzu bir systemd<\/code> servisi olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, oturumun sunucu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 veya kolayca y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu, \u00f6zellikle sunucu taraf\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir VNC oturumu isteniyorsa kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nce, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir systemd<\/code> hizmet dizini olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
mkdir -p ~\/.config\/systemd\/user\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, vncserver@.service<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir hizmet dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun. @<\/code> i\u015fareti, hizmetin bir \u00f6rnek \u015fablonu oldu\u011funu ve farkl\u0131 masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaralar\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131labilece\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n
nano ~\/.config\/systemd\/user\/vncserver@.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. User<\/code> ve Group<\/code> de\u011ferlerini kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizden emin olun. Ayr\u0131ca PIDFILE<\/code> yolundaki your_user<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirin. ExecStart<\/code> ve ExecStop<\/code> komutlar\u0131ndaki -geometry<\/code> ve -depth<\/code> de\u011ferlerini istedi\u011finiz gibi ayarlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
[Unit]\nDescription=TightVNC remote desktop service for %i\nAfter=syslog.target network.target\n\n[Service]\nType=forking\nUser=your_user\nGroup=your_user\nWorkingDirectory=\/home\/your_user\n\nPIDFile=\/home\/your_user\/.vnc\/%H:%i.pid\nExecStartPre=-\/usr\/bin\/vncserver -kill :%i > \/dev\/null 2>&1\nExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x800 :%i\nExecStop=\/usr\/bin\/vncserver -kill :%i\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=default.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   %i<\/code>: Bu, hizmetin \u00f6rnek ad\u0131ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin vncserver@1.service<\/code> i\u00e7indeki 1<\/code>) gelen de\u011feri temsil eder. B\u00f6ylece :1<\/code>, :2<\/code> gibi farkl\u0131 VNC oturumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.
\n*   User=your_user<\/code>, Group=your_user<\/code>: Bu, VNC oturumunun hangi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirmelisiniz.
\n*   PIDFile<\/code>: VNC sunucusunun PID dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu belirtir.
\n*   ExecStartPre<\/code>: Hizmet ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan komut. Mevcut bir oturumu \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n*   ExecStart<\/code>: VNC sunucusunu ba\u015flatan komut.
\n*   ExecStop<\/code>: VNC sunucusunu durduran komut.
\n*   WantedBy=default.target<\/code>: Bu, hizmetin kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lan hedefine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n oturumu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin (Ctrl+O, Enter) ve kapat\u0131n (Ctrl+X).<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi systemd<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckleyin, hizmeti etkinle\u015ftirin ve ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
systemctl --user daemon-reload\nsystemctl --user enable vncserver@1.service\nsystemctl --user start vncserver@1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, :1<\/code> numaral\u0131 VNC oturumunu systemd<\/code> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131r ve kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n her oturum a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Hizmetin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
systemctl --user status vncserver@1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
Not:<\/strong> Bu systemd<\/code> hizmeti, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturumu a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fer sunucu \u00f6ny\u00fcklendi\u011finde, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturumu a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce VNC’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z, daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir sistem genelinde (system-wide) systemd<\/code> hizmeti yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu uzaktan eri\u015fim senaryosu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131 bazl\u0131 hizmet yeterlidir ve daha g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/p>\n
Birden Fazla VNC Oturumu<\/h4>\n
Farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in veya ayn\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fcklerde birden fazla VNC oturumu ba\u015flatabilirsiniz. Her oturum farkl\u0131 bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc numaras\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla farkl\u0131 bir port kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, ikinci bir oturumu ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
vncserver -geometry 1024x768 -depth 16 :2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu oturuma localhost:5902<\/code> (SSH t\u00fcneli arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) veya do\u011frudan your_server_ip:5902<\/code> (g\u00fcvenli de\u011fil) \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir. E\u011fer systemd<\/code> hizmeti kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, vncserver@2.service<\/code> gibi bir \u00f6rnek ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
VNC kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   Bo\u015f veya Gri Ekran:<\/strong> Bu genellikle xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. xstartup<\/code> dosyan\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir oldu\u011fundan emin olun (chmod +x ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code>). Ayr\u0131ca, startxfce4 &<\/code> gibi komutun sonunda &<\/code> i\u015fareti oldu\u011fundan emin olun, aksi takdirde VNC sunucusu yan\u0131t vermeyebilir.
\n*   Ba\u011flant\u0131 Reddedildi:<\/strong>
\n    *   VNC sunucusunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun (vncserver -list<\/code>).
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n (UFW) SSH portuna izin verdi\u011finden emin olun.
\n    *   E\u011fer SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, t\u00fcnelin do\u011fru kuruldu\u011fundan ve aktif oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n    *   E\u011fer do\u011frudan ba\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z (g\u00fcvenli de\u011fil), g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n VNC portuna (5901, 5902 vb.) izin verdi\u011finden emin olun.
\n*   Yanl\u0131\u015f Parola:<\/strong> VNC istemcisinde do\u011fru parolay\u0131 girdi\u011finizden emin olun. Parolay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in vncpasswd<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.
\n*   \u00c7ok Yava\u015f Performans:<\/strong>
\n    *   Daha hafif bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 (XFCE gibi) kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.
\n    *   Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir renk derinli\u011fi (\u00f6rne\u011fin -depth 16<\/code>) kullanmay\u0131 deneyin.
\n    *   VNC istemcinizin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n*   VNC Sunucusu Ba\u015flam\u0131yor (Log Dosyalar\u0131):<\/strong> VNC sunucusu ba\u015flatma sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Log dosyalar\u0131 genellikle ~\/.vnc\/<\/code> dizininde bulunur (\u00f6rne\u011fin ~\/.vnc\/yourhostname:1.log<\/code>). Bu dosyalar, ba\u015flatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan hatalar hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli bilgiler i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131lavuzda, Ubuntu 16.04 sunucunuz veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinde TightVNC sunucusunu nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 paket g\u00fcncellemesinden TightVNC kurulumuna, xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na, SSH t\u00fcnelleme ile g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya ve systemd<\/code> ile otomatik ba\u015flatma ayarlar\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ele ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n
VNC, uzaktan grafiksel eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Ancak, g\u00fcvenlik her zaman \u00f6ncelikli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, VNC trafi\u011fini \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in her zaman SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullanman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu, hassas verilerinizin a\u011f \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde iletilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k Ubuntu 16.04 sisteminize d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinden g\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir \u015fekilde uzaktan eri\u015febilir, masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 y\u00f6netebilir ve g\u00f6rsel tabanl\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinizi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Bu kurulum, sistem y\u00f6netimi, geli\u015ftirme veya uzaktan destek gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolar i\u00e7in size b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\nGiri\u015f: VNC Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\nSanalla\u015ft\u0131rma, uzaktan eri\u015fim ve sistem y\u00f6netimi","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-35477","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-16-04-uzerine-vnc-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerine VNC Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 Giri\u015f: VNC Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? 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