{"id":35282,"date":"2025-11-27T21:41:02","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T18:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=35282"},"modified":"2025-11-27T21:41:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T18:41:02","slug":"nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Nmap (Network Mapper), a\u011f ke\u015ffi ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu ve son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Sistem y\u00f6neticilerinden siber g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131na, penetrasyon test uzmanlar\u0131ndan a\u011f m\u00fchendislerine kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede profesyoneller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Nmap, bir a\u011f \u00fczerindeki ana bilgisayarlar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servisleri, i\u015fletim sistemi versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etme yetene\u011fine sahiptir. Bu makale, Nmap’in temel ve geli\u015fmi\u015f anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131, farkl\u0131 tarama t\u00fcrlerini ve Nmap Betik Motoru (NSE) gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyerek, okuyuculara Nmap’i etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanma konusunda kapsaml\u0131 bir rehber sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nmap’e Giri\u015f ve Temel Kavramlar<\/h3>\n

Nmap, a\u011f trafi\u011fini analiz ederek ve \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f paketler g\u00f6ndererek hedefler hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplar. TCP\/IP protokol y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu ara\u00e7, hedeflenen sistemlere \u00e7e\u015fitli paketler g\u00f6nderir ve bu paketlere gelen yan\u0131tlar\u0131 analiz ederek a\u011f\u0131n haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nmap Nedir?<\/h4>\n

Nmap, a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131nda en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nan ve kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lardan biridir. Fyodor taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen Nmap, 1997’den bu yana s\u00fcrekli geli\u015ftirilmekte ve g\u00fcncellenmektedir. Esneklik, h\u0131z ve kapsaml\u0131 \u00f6zellik setleri sayesinde, karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda bile detayl\u0131 bilgi toplama yetene\u011fi sunar. Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Zenmap ad\u0131nda grafiksel bir aray\u00fcze de sahiptir, bu da onu hem teknik kullan\u0131c\u0131lara hem de g\u00f6rsel aray\u00fcz tercih edenlere uygun k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Nmap Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h4>\n

Nmap’in kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

* A\u011f Envanteri ve Haritalama:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki t\u00fcm aktif cihazlar\u0131, IP adreslerini, MAC adreslerini ve a\u011f topolojisini belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik Denetimleri:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki a\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servisleri ve bu servislerin versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederek potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n* Zafiyet Tespiti:<\/strong> Nmap Betik Motoru (NSE) sayesinde, bilinen zafiyetleri tarayabilir ve zay\u0131f yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir.
\n* Penetrasyon Testleri:<\/strong> Bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla a\u011fdaki zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in birincil ke\u015fif arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Kural Analizi:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi portlar\u0131 filtreledi\u011fini veya a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 tarama t\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131labilir.
\n* Sistem Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki cihazlar\u0131n durumunu izlemek, yeni cihazlar\u0131 tespit etmek ve servislerin eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in sistem y\u00f6neticileri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Temel Nmap Anahtarlar\u0131 ve Hedef Belirleme<\/h3>\n

Nmap’in g\u00fcc\u00fc, geni\u015f anahtar yelpazesinden gelir. Bu anahtarlar, taraman\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi bilgilerin toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l formatlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n

Hedef Belirleme (Target Specification)<\/h4>\n

Nmap’in ilk ad\u0131m\u0131, tarama yap\u0131lacak hedefleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirlemektir.<\/p>\n

* Tek IP Adresi:<\/strong> nmap 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* Birden Fazla IP Adresi:<\/strong> nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2<\/code>
\n* IP Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> nmap 192.168.1.1-100<\/code> (1’den 100’e kadar olan IP’leri tarar)
\n* CIDR Notasyonu:<\/strong> nmap 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code> (192.168.1.x a\u011f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm hostlar\u0131 tarar)
\n* Host Listesi Dosyadan:<\/strong> -iL <\/code> anahtar\u0131 ile bir metin dosyas\u0131ndaki hedefleri tarayabilirsiniz. Her hedef yeni bir sat\u0131rda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n nmap -iL targets.txt<\/code>
\n* Hedef D\u0131\u015flama:<\/strong> --exclude <\/code> anahtar\u0131 ile belirli hedefleri taramadan hari\u00e7 tutabilirsiniz.
\n nmap 192.168.1.0\/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5<\/code>
\n* D\u0131\u015flama Listesi Dosyadan:<\/strong> --excludefile <\/code> ile bir dosyadan d\u0131\u015flanacak hedefleri belirleyebilirsiniz.
\n nmap 192.168.1.0\/24 --excludefile exclude.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Genel Anahtarlar (General Options)<\/h4>\n

Tarama \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan genel anahtarlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* -v<\/code> (Verbose):<\/strong> Detayl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 sa\u011flar. Tarama ilerlemesini ve bulunan bilgileri daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. -vv<\/code> ile daha da detayl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 al\u0131nabilir.
\n nmap -v 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -d<\/code> (Debugging):<\/strong> Hata ay\u0131klama \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flar. -d9<\/code> en y\u00fcksek hata ay\u0131klama seviyesidir.
\n* -oN <\/code> (Normal Output):<\/strong> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir normal metin format\u0131nda bir dosyaya kaydeder.
\n nmap -oN output.txt 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -oX <\/code> (XML Output):<\/strong> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 XML format\u0131nda bir dosyaya kaydeder. Bu format, di\u011fer programlar taraf\u0131ndan kolayca ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n nmap -oX output.xml 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -oG <\/code> (Grepable Output):<\/strong> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 grep<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7larla kolayca i\u015flenebilecek bir formatta kaydeder.
\n nmap -oG output.grep 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -oA <\/code> (All Output):<\/strong> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 normal, XML ve Grepable formatlar\u0131nda ayn\u0131 anda kaydeder.
\n nmap -oA output 192.168.1.1<\/code> (Bu, output.nmap<\/code>, output.xml<\/code>, output.gnmap<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.)
\n* --append-output<\/code>:<\/strong> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 mevcut bir dosyaya ekler, \u00fczerine yazmaz.
\n* --open<\/code>:<\/strong> Sadece a\u00e7\u0131k (open) portlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n* -Pn<\/code> (No Ping):<\/strong> Nmap normalde bir ana bilgisayar\u0131 taramadan \u00f6nce ping atarak canl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Bu anahtar, ping kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc atlar ve hedef ana bilgisayar\u0131n canl\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayar. G\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 ping isteklerini engelledi\u011finde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n nmap -Pn 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -F<\/code> (Fast Scan):<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan olarak Nmap, en pop\u00fcler 1000 portu tarar. Bu anahtar, en pop\u00fcler 100 portu tarayarak tarama s\u00fcresini k\u0131salt\u0131r.
\n nmap -F 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -p <\/code> (Port Specification):<\/strong> Belirli portlar\u0131 veya port aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 taramak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n nmap -p 80,443,21-23 192.168.1.1<\/code> (80, 443, 21, 22, 23 portlar\u0131n\u0131 tarar)
\n nmap -p- 192.168.1.1<\/code> (T\u00fcm portlar\u0131 tarar: 1’den 65535’e kadar)
\n nmap -p U:53,161,T:21-25 192.168.1.1<\/code> (UDP 53, 161 ve TCP 21-25 portlar\u0131n\u0131 tarar)<\/p>\n

Host Ke\u015ffi (Host Discovery) Anahtarlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nmap, bir a\u011fdaki canl\u0131 ana bilgisayarlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemler, tarama hedeflerini belirlemede ve zaman kazanmada kritiktir.<\/p>\n

Ping Taramas\u0131 (Ping Scan)<\/h4>\n

* -sn<\/code> veya -sP<\/code> (List Scan):<\/strong> Bu anahtar, sadece canl\u0131 ana bilgisayarlar\u0131 listeler, herhangi bir port taramas\u0131 yapmaz. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bir a\u011fdaki aktif cihazlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in idealdir.
\n nmap -sn 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code><\/p>\n

Ping Metotlar\u0131<\/h4>\n

Nmap, ana bilgisayarlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli paket t\u00fcrleri g\u00f6nderir:<\/p>\n

* -PE<\/code> (ICMP Echo Ping):<\/strong> Geleneksel ping<\/code> komutu gibi ICMP echo istekleri g\u00f6nderir.
\n* -PP<\/code> (ICMP Timestamp Ping):<\/strong> ICMP zaman damgas\u0131 istekleri g\u00f6nderir. Baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 echo isteklerini engellerken zaman damgas\u0131 isteklerine izin verebilir.
\n* -PM<\/code> (ICMP Netmask Ping):<\/strong> ICMP a\u011f maskesi istekleri g\u00f6nderir.
\n* -PS <\/code> (TCP SYN Ping):<\/strong> Belirli bir porta SYN paketi g\u00f6nderir. Port kapal\u0131ysa RST, a\u00e7\u0131ksa SYN\/ACK al\u0131r. Bu, hedefin canl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n nmap -PS22,80 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -PA <\/code> (TCP ACK Ping):<\/strong> Belirli bir porta ACK paketi g\u00f6nderir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n durumunu anlamak i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir. Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n nmap -PA80 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -PU <\/code> (UDP Ping):<\/strong> Belirli bir porta UDP paketi g\u00f6nderir. Genellikle kapal\u0131 bir UDP portundan ICMP “Port Unreachable” mesaj\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n nmap -PU53 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -PR<\/code> (ARP Ping):<\/strong> Yerel a\u011flarda (Ethernet) ARP istekleri g\u00f6ndererek host ke\u015ffi yapar. \u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirdir. Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n nmap -PR 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code>
\n* -n<\/code> (No DNS Resolution):<\/strong> DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi yapmaz, bu da tarama s\u00fcresini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* -R<\/code> (Reverse DNS Resolution):<\/strong> Ters DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi yapar (IP adreslerinden host adlar\u0131n\u0131 bulur).<\/p>\n

Port Tarama T\u00fcrleri (Port Scan Types)<\/h3>\n

Nmap’in en temel i\u015flevi, hedef sistemdeki portlar\u0131n durumunu (a\u00e7\u0131k, kapal\u0131, filtrelenmi\u015f) belirlemektir. Farkl\u0131 tarama t\u00fcrleri, farkl\u0131 senaryolara ve gizlilik seviyelerine uygun olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

SYN Tarama (Stealth Scan \/ Half-Open Scan) -sS<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> Nmap, hedefe bir SYN paketi g\u00f6nderir. E\u011fer hedef port a\u00e7\u0131ksa, SYN\/ACK paketiyle yan\u0131t verir. Nmap, bu noktada ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 RST paketi g\u00f6ndererek sonland\u0131r\u0131r ve tam bir TCP \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamaz. E\u011fer port kapal\u0131ysa, hedef RST paketi g\u00f6nderir.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * En pop\u00fcler ve h\u0131zl\u0131 tarama t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n * Tam ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hedef sistemin loglar\u0131nda daha az iz b\u0131rak\u0131r ve “gizli” olarak kabul edilir.
\n * Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sS 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

TCP Connect Tarama -sT<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> Nmap, connect()<\/code> sistem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak tam bir TCP \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (SYN, SYN\/ACK, ACK) yapar.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * SYN taramas\u0131na g\u00f6re daha yava\u015ft\u0131r ve hedef sistemin loglar\u0131nda daha fazla iz b\u0131rak\u0131r.
\n * Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirmez.
\n * SYN taramas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Nmap’in root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda) bir alternatiftir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sT 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

UDP Tarama -sU<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> Nmap, hedef UDP portlar\u0131na bo\u015f veya rastgele veri i\u00e7eren UDP paketleri g\u00f6nderir.
\n * Port a\u00e7\u0131ksa ve bir servis dinliyorsa, genellikle servisten bir yan\u0131t (\u00f6rne\u011fin, DNS i\u00e7in bir DNS sorgusu yan\u0131t\u0131) al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n * Port kapal\u0131ysa, hedef sistemden bir ICMP “Port Unreachable” (Type 3, Code 3) mesaj\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n * Yan\u0131t al\u0131nmazsa, portun a\u00e7\u0131k veya filtrelenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131r (g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 nedeniyle).
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * UDP durum tespiti, TCP’ye g\u00f6re daha zordur ve daha uzun s\u00fcrebilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapal\u0131 portlardan her zaman yan\u0131t al\u0131nmaz.
\n * DNS (53), SNMP (161), DHCP (67\/68) gibi \u00f6nemli servisler UDP kullan\u0131r.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sU 192.168.1.1<\/code> veya nmap -sU -p 53,161 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

ACK Tarama -sA<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> Nmap, hedef portlara sadece ACK bayra\u011f\u0131 set edilmi\u015f TCP paketleri g\u00f6nderir.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * Bu tarama, portun a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131 kapal\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemez.
\n * Ana amac\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 haritalamakt\u0131r.
\n * E\u011fer bir RST paketi al\u0131n\u0131rsa, port filtrelenmemi\u015f demektir.
\n * E\u011fer yan\u0131t al\u0131nmazsa veya bir ICMP “Destination Unreachable” mesaj\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rsa, portun filtrelenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir (g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 paketi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sA 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

Window Tarama -sW<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> ACK taramas\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde ACK paketleri g\u00f6nderir, ancak TCP pencere boyutunu analiz eder.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * Baz\u0131 sistemlerde (\u00f6zellikle eski Windows versiyonlar\u0131nda), pencere boyutu a\u00e7\u0131k ve kapal\u0131 portlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.
\n * Bu, ACK taramas\u0131n\u0131n filtrelenmi\u015f\/filtrelenmemi\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131na ek olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\/kapal\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sW 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

FIN Tarama -sF<\/code>, Xmas Tarama -sX<\/code>, Null Tarama -sN<\/code><\/h4>\n

Bu taramalar, TCP RFC 793’teki bir zay\u0131fl\u0131ktan yararlanarak gizlilik sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong>
\n * FIN Tarama (-sF<\/code>):<\/strong> Sadece FIN bayra\u011f\u0131 set edilmi\u015f bir paket g\u00f6nderir.
\n * Xmas Tarama (-sX<\/code>):<\/strong> FIN, PSH ve URG bayraklar\u0131 set edilmi\u015f bir paket g\u00f6nderir (paketin \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm “\u0131\u015f\u0131klar” yanar, bir Noel a\u011fac\u0131 gibi).
\n * Null Tarama (-sN<\/code>):<\/strong> Hi\u00e7bir TCP bayra\u011f\u0131 set edilmemi\u015f bir paket g\u00f6nderir.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * RFC 793’e g\u00f6re, kapal\u0131 bir port bu paketlere RST paketiyle yan\u0131t vermelidir. A\u00e7\u0131k bir port ise hi\u00e7bir yan\u0131t vermemelidir.
\n * Bu taramalar, g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve IDS\/IPS sistemlerini atlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n * Ancak, \u00f6zellikle Windows gibi baz\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri RFC’ye tam olarak uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu taramalar her zaman g\u00fcvenilir sonu\u00e7lar vermeyebilir.
\n * Root ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sF 192.168.1.1<\/code>, nmap -sX 192.168.1.1<\/code>, nmap -sN 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

IP Protokol Taramas\u0131 -sO<\/code><\/h4>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> Nmap, her IP protokol\u00fc i\u00e7in bir paket g\u00f6nderir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ICMP, IGMP, TCP, UDP).
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * Hedef sistemin hangi IP protokollerini destekledi\u011fini ke\u015ffeder (\u00f6rn. IP protokol 1 (ICMP), 6 (TCP), 17 (UDP) vb.).
\n * Bu, bir ana bilgisayar\u0131n hangi servisleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair daha geni\u015f bir resim elde etmek i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olabilir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sO 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

Servis ve Versiyon Tespiti (Service and Version Detection) -sV<\/code><\/h3>\n

Portun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu bilmek yeterli de\u011fildir; o portta hangi servisin (\u00f6rn. Apache HTTPD, Nginx, OpenSSH) ve hangi versiyonunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, potansiyel zafiyetleri belirlemek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> -sV<\/code> anahtar\u0131 ile Nmap, a\u00e7\u0131k portlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servislere \u00e7e\u015fitli prob paketleri g\u00f6nderir ve gelen yan\u0131tlar\u0131 kendi servis parmak izi veritaban\u0131yla (nmap-service-probes) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * Servis ad\u0131n\u0131, versiyon numaras\u0131n\u0131, hatta bazen i\u015fletim sistemi detaylar\u0131n\u0131 ve cihaz tipini (\u00f6rn. router) belirleyebilir.
\n * Bu bilgi, bilinen zafiyetleri (CVE’ler) aramak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -sS -sV 192.168.1.1<\/code> (\u00d6nce SYN taramas\u0131, sonra versiyon tespiti)<\/p>\n

Versiyon Tespiti ile \u0130lgili Anahtarlar<\/h4>\n

* --version-intensity <0-9><\/code>:<\/strong> Tarama yo\u011funlu\u011funu ayarlar. 0 en hafif, 9 en agresif taramad\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan 7’dir. Daha y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluk, daha do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar ancak daha uzun tarama s\u00fcresi anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n* --version-light<\/code>:<\/strong> Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2 olarak ayarlar, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ancak daha az do\u011fru olabilir.
\n* --version-all<\/code>:<\/strong> T\u00fcm prob paketlerini dener, \u00e7ok yava\u015f ancak en do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 verir.
\n* --version-trace<\/code>:<\/strong> Versiyon taramas\u0131n\u0131n her ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, hata ay\u0131klama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletim Sistemi Tespiti (OS Detection) -O<\/code><\/h3>\n

Hedef sistemin i\u015fletim sistemini bilmek, sald\u0131rgan veya g\u00fcvenlik analisti i\u00e7in kritik bir bilgidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri farkl\u0131 zafiyetlere ve davran\u0131\u015flara sahiptir.<\/p>\n

* Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/strong> -O<\/code> anahtar\u0131 ile Nmap, TCP\/IP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 parmak izi tekniklerini kullanarak hedef sistemin i\u015fletim sistemini tahmin eder. \u00c7e\u015fitli TCP ve UDP prob paketleri g\u00f6nderir, bu paketlere gelen yan\u0131tlar\u0131 analiz eder ve bu yan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, TCP pencere boyutu, TTL de\u011feri, RST paketindeki bayraklar) kendi i\u015fletim sistemi veritaban\u0131yla (nmap-os-db) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>
\n * \u0130\u015fletim sistemi ad\u0131n\u0131, versiyonunu ve bazen cihaz tipini (\u00f6rn. Linux 4.x, Windows Server 2016, Cisco router) belirleyebilir.
\n * G\u00fcvenilir sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in en az bir a\u00e7\u0131k ve bir kapal\u0131 port gerektirir.
\n* Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> nmap -O 192.168.1.1<\/code> veya nmap -sS -O 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletim Sistemi Tespiti ile \u0130lgili Anahtarlar<\/h4>\n

* --osscan-limit<\/code>:<\/strong> Nmap’i sadece umut vadeden hedeflerde (en az bir a\u00e7\u0131k ve bir kapal\u0131 TCP portu olan) OS tespiti yapmaya zorlar.
\n* --osscan-guess<\/code> veya --fuzzy<\/code>:<\/strong> Nmap’i daha agresif tahminlerde bulunmaya zorlar. Kesin e\u015fle\u015fme bulunamasa bile en yak\u0131n e\u015fle\u015fmeyi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131\/IDS Atlatma ve Gizlilik (Firewall\/IDS Evasion and Stealth)<\/h3>\n

Nmap, g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 ve Sald\u0131r\u0131 Tespit\/Engelleme Sistemleri (IDS\/IPS) taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikler sunar.<\/p>\n

* -f<\/code> (Fragment Packets):<\/strong> G\u00f6nderilen TCP\/UDP\/ICMP paketlerini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eski g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 veya IDS’ler par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f paketleri do\u011fru \u015fekilde yeniden birle\u015ftiremeyebilir veya analiz edemeyebilir.
\n nmap -f 192.168.1.1<\/code> (iki kat\u0131na b\u00f6ler), -ff<\/code> (sekiz kat\u0131na b\u00f6ler)
\n* -D <\/code> (Decoy Scan):<\/strong> Tarama paketlerinin kaynak IP adresini sahte IP adresleriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, ger\u00e7ek taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n IP adresini gizlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. ME<\/code> anahtar kelimesi, kendi ger\u00e7ek IP adresinizi temsil eder.
\n nmap -D 192.168.1.10,192.168.1.11,ME,192.168.1.12 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -S <\/code> (Spoof Source IP):<\/strong> Kaynak IP adresini tamamen taklit eder. Ancak, bu durumda hedef sistemden gelen yan\u0131tlar\u0131 alamazs\u0131n\u0131z, bu da taramay\u0131 tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc yapar. Genellikle k\u00f6r taramalarda veya IDS\/IPS’i test etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n nmap -S 10.0.0.1 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* -e <\/code> (Spoof MAC Address):<\/strong> Belirli bir a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak tarama yapar.
\n nmap -e eth0 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* --source-port <\/code> veya -g <\/code> (Spoof Source Port):<\/strong> Nmap’in belirli bir kaynak portunu kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Baz\u0131 servisler sadece belirli kaynak portlar\u0131ndan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul eder (\u00f6rn. FTP data portu 20).
\n nmap --source-port 80 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* --data-length <\/code>:<\/strong> G\u00f6nderilen paketlere rastgele veri ekleyerek paket boyutunu art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n veya IDS’lerin normalden farkl\u0131 paket boyutlar\u0131na sahip paketleri g\u00f6rmezden gelmesine neden olabilir.
\n nmap --data-length 25 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* --badsum<\/code>:<\/strong> Paketlere hatal\u0131 TCP\/UDP\/IP sa\u011flama toplamlar\u0131 ekler. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri veya g\u00fcvenlik cihazlar\u0131 bu paketleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 hatal\u0131 sa\u011flama toplam\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeyebilir ve paketi i\u015fleyebilir.
\n* --mtu <\/code>:<\/strong> G\u00f6nderilen paketlerin MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) boyutunu ayarlar. Par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f paketlerin boyutunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* --scan-delay

Nmap Betik Motoru (Nmap Scripting Engine – NSE) -sC<\/code> veya --script<\/code><\/h3>\n

Nmap Betik Motoru (NSE), Nmap’in en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek \u00f6zelliklerinden biridir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Lua programlama dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f betiklerle Nmap’in yeteneklerini geni\u015fletmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Bu betikler, Nmap’i sadece bir port taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n

NSE betikleri, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler dahil olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f bir yelpazede g\u00f6revleri otomatikle\u015ftirebilir:<\/p>\n

* Zafiyet Tespiti:<\/strong> Bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tarama (\u00f6rn. Heartbleed, Shellshock).
\n* Geli\u015fmi\u015f Servis Tespiti:<\/strong> -sV<\/code>‘den daha detayl\u0131 servis bilgileri toplama.
\n* Brute-Force Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Zay\u0131f kimlik bilgilerini test etme (\u00f6rn. ftp-brute<\/code>, ssh-brute<\/code>).
\n* Zay\u0131f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 Bulma:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan kimlik bilgilerini, a\u00e7\u0131k dizinleri vb. tespit etme.
\n* Web Uygulamas\u0131 Zafiyetleri:<\/strong> HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etme, XSS\/SQLi zafiyetlerini kontrol etme.
\n* A\u011f Ke\u015ffi:<\/strong> Daha derinlemesine a\u011f ke\u015ffi yapma (\u00f6rn. DNS b\u00f6lgeleri, SMB payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131).<\/p>\n

NSE Kategorileri<\/h4>\n

Nmap betikleri, i\u015flevlerine g\u00f6re kategorilere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* auth<\/code>:<\/strong> Kimlik do\u011frulama ile ilgili betikler.
\n* broadcast<\/code>:<\/strong> A\u011fda yay\u0131n yaparak bilgi toplayan betikler.
\n* brute<\/code>:<\/strong> Brute-force sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 yapan betikler.
\n* default<\/code> (-sC<\/code>):<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan betikler, g\u00fcvenli ve h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* discovery<\/code>:<\/strong> A\u011f ke\u015ffi yapan betikler.
\n* dos<\/code>:<\/strong> Hizmet reddi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 test eden betikler.
\n* exploit<\/code>:<\/strong> Bilinen zafiyetleri istismar etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan betikler.
\n* external<\/code>:<\/strong> Harici kaynaklar\u0131 kullanan betikler.
\n* fuzzer<\/code>:<\/strong> Girdi verilerini bozarak zafiyet arayan betikler.
\n* intrusive<\/code>:<\/strong> Hedef sistemde y\u00fcksek etkile\u015fim yaratan, agresif betikler.
\n* malware<\/code>:<\/strong> K\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 tespit eden betikler.
\n* safe<\/code>:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, hedefi etkilemeyen betikler.
\n* vuln<\/code>:<\/strong> Bilinen zafiyetleri tarayan betikler.<\/p>\n

NSE Kullan\u0131m \u00d6rnekleri<\/h4>\n

* Varsay\u0131lan Betikleri \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong> -sC<\/code> anahtar\u0131, --script default<\/code> ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n nmap -sC 192.168.1.1<\/code>
\n* Belirli Bir Beti\u011fi \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n nmap --script http-enum 192.168.1.1<\/code> (Web sunucusundaki dizinleri ve dosyalar\u0131 listeler)
\n* Bir Kategoriye Ait T\u00fcm Betikleri \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n nmap --script \"vuln\" 192.168.1.1<\/code> (T\u00fcm zafiyet tarama betiklerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r)
\n* Birden Fazla Betik veya Kal\u0131p Kullanma:<\/strong>
\n nmap --script \"http-enum,smb-enum*\" 192.168.1.1<\/code> (http-enum beti\u011fini ve smb-enum ile ba\u015flayan t\u00fcm betikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r)
\n* Beti\u011fe Arg\u00fcman Ge\u00e7irme:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 betikler ek arg\u00fcmanlar alabilir.
\n nmap --script http-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=pass.txt 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/p>\n

Nmap betikleri genellikle \/usr\/share\/nmap\/scripts<\/code> dizininde bulunur. Bu dizini inceleyerek mevcut betikleri ve i\u015flevlerini ke\u015ffedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Zamanlama ve Performans (Timing and Performance)<\/h3>\n

Nmap taramalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve agresifli\u011fi, zamanlama \u015fablonlar\u0131 ve ilgili anahtarlarla kontrol edilebilir. Bu ayarlar, taraman\u0131n ne kadar gizli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131\/IDS taraf\u0131ndan ne kadar kolay tespit edilece\u011fini etkiler.<\/p>\n

* -T<0-5><\/code> (Timing Templates):<\/strong> Bu anahtarlar, Nmap’in h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayan \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fablonlard\u0131r.
\n * -T0<\/code> (Paranoid):<\/strong> \u00c7ok yava\u015f, gizli tarama. IDS’lerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Paketler aras\u0131nda uzun gecikmeler kullan\u0131r.
\n * -T1<\/code> (Sneaky):<\/strong> Paranoid’den biraz daha h\u0131zl\u0131, yine de gizli.
\n * -T2<\/code> (Polite):<\/strong> Kaynaklar\u0131 daha az t\u00fcketir, hedef sistem \u00fczerinde daha az etki yarat\u0131r. \u00c7ok yava\u015f.
\n * -T3<\/code> (Normal):<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan zamanlama \u015fablonudur. Dengeli bir h\u0131z ve g\u00fcvenilirlik sunar.
\n * -T4<\/code> (Aggressive):<\/strong> H\u0131zl\u0131 tarama. Daha k\u0131sa zaman a\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve daha az gecikme kullan\u0131r. IDS\/IPS taraf\u0131ndan kolayca tespit edilebilir.
\n * -T5<\/code> (Insane):<\/strong> En h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en agresif tarama. \u00c7ok k\u0131sa zaman a\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r, paket kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n

* --min-hostgroup <\/code>, --max-hostgroup <\/code>:<\/strong> Paralel olarak taranacak ana bilgisayar grubunun boyutunu ayarlar.
\n* --min-parallelism <\/code>, --max-parallelism <\/code>:<\/strong> Paralel olarak g\u00f6nderilecek prob say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar.
\n* --min-rtt-timeout

Nmap’in Yasal ve Etik Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nmap, a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131nda son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ve bu g\u00fcc\u00fc beraberinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorumluluk getirir. Nmap’i kullan\u0131rken her zaman yasal ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmak esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* \u0130zin Gereklili\u011fi:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait bir a\u011f\u0131 veya sistemi, sahibinden a\u00e7\u0131k ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 izin almadan taramak yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve ciddi hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilir. Bu, “siber sald\u0131r\u0131” olarak kabul edilebilir.
\n* Kendi A\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> Nmap’i sadece kendi a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131zda, kendi sistemlerinizde veya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verilmi\u015f test ortamlar\u0131nda kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.
\n* Etik Hack\u00e7ilik:<\/strong> Penetrasyon testleri veya g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri yaparken, her zaman etik kurallara uymal\u0131, gizlili\u011fe sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeli ve bulunan zafiyetleri sorumlu bir \u015fekilde rapor etmelisiniz.
\n* Bilgi Birikimi:<\/strong> Nmap’in nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi paketlerin ne anlama geldi\u011fini anlamak, hem arac\u0131 daha etkili kullanman\u0131z\u0131 hem de potansiyel k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131mdan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Nmap, “k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli” bir ara\u00e7 de\u011fildir; bir \u00e7eki\u00e7 gibi, hem in\u015fa etmek hem de y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n niyeti ve etik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, arac\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fruiyetini belirler.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n

Nmap, a\u011f ke\u015ffi ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan anahtarlar ve tarama t\u00fcrleri, Nmap’in sundu\u011fu geni\u015f yetenek setinin sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir. Temel port taramalar\u0131ndan geli\u015fmi\u015f i\u015fletim sistemi ve servis tespitine, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 atlatma tekniklerinden Nmap Betik Motoru’nun sundu\u011fu zafiyet tarama yeteneklerine kadar Nmap, bir a\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik duru\u015funu anlamak ve iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.<\/p>\n

Etkili bir Nmap kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmak, sadece komutlar\u0131 ezberlemekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda her anahtar\u0131n ve tarama t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda yatan a\u011f protokol\u00fc bilgilerini ve g\u00fcvenlik etkilerini anlamay\u0131 gerektirir. S\u00fcrekli pratik yaparak, farkl\u0131 senaryolarda Nmap’i deneyerek ve Nmap’in zengin dok\u00fcmantasyonundan faydalanarak, bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arac\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik uzman\u0131n\u0131n veya sistem y\u00f6neticisinin ara\u00e7 kutusundaki en de\u011ferli par\u00e7alardan biri haline getirebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumluluk getirir; Nmap’i her zaman yasal ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kullanmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterin.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi\nNmap (Network Mapper), a\u011f ke\u015ffi ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-35282","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nNmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi Nmap (Network Mapper), a\u011f ke\u015ffi ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimleri i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-27T18:41:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-27T18:41:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\"},\"wordCount\":3540,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/nmap-kapsamli-anahtarlar-ve-tarama-turleri-rehberi\/\",\"name\":\"Nmap: Kapsaml\u0131 Anahtarlar ve Tarama T\u00fcrleri Rehberi - 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