{"id":34804,"date":"2025-11-22T07:40:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T04:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=34804"},"modified":"2025-11-22T07:40:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T04:40:43","slug":"freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber<\/h2>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek i\u015fletim sistemlerinden biri olan FreeBSD, sunucu ortamlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc sistemlere, masa\u00fcst\u00fc i\u015f istasyonlar\u0131ndan a\u011f cihazlar\u0131na kadar geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahiptir. Kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve performans\u0131yla bilinen FreeBSD, \u00f6zellikle sistem y\u00f6neticileri, geli\u015ftiriciler ve g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerdir. Bu makale, FreeBSD ekosistemine ad\u0131m atmak isteyenler i\u00e7in, nispeten eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen temel \u00f6\u011frenim i\u00e7in hala de\u011ferli bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 sunan FreeBSD 10.1 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinden kapsaml\u0131 bir rehber sunmaktad\u0131r. FreeBSD 10.1’in temel prensiplerini anlamak, daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere ge\u00e7i\u015fte sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

FreeBSD Nedir ve Neden FreeBSD 10.1?<\/h3>\n

FreeBSD, AT&T’nin UNIX i\u015fletim sisteminin Berkeley Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 (BSD) kolundan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f \u00fccretsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir i\u015fletim sistemidir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir a\u011f y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na, geli\u015fmi\u015f depolama \u00f6zelliklerine (ZFS gibi) ve hafif sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojilerine (Jails gibi) sahiptir. BSD lisans\u0131 alt\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, onu ticari ve ki\u015fisel projelerde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullanma ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme imkan\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

Peki, neden FreeBSD 10.1? G\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmasa da, 10.1 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, FreeBSD’nin temel mimarisini, kurulum s\u00fcrecini ve temel sistem y\u00f6netimini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir platformdur. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm, modern FreeBSD s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, pkg<\/code> paket y\u00f6neticisinin varsay\u0131lan hale gelmesi, ZFS’nin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131) tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, 10.1 ile edinilen bilgiler, 12.x veya 13.x gibi daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere kolayca adapte edilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, eski veya daha az g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donan\u0131mlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in daha az kaynak gerektirebilir.<\/p>\n

FreeBSD 10.1 Kurulum \u00d6ncesi Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir i\u015fletim sistemi kurulumunda oldu\u011fu gibi, FreeBSD 10.1 kurulumundan \u00f6nce de baz\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yapmak \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ad\u0131mlar, sorunsuz bir kurulum s\u00fcreci ve optimum performans i\u00e7in zemin haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Sistem Gereksinimleri<\/h4>\n

FreeBSD, genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sistem kaynaklar\u0131yla bile iyi performans g\u00f6sterir. Ancak, 10.1 i\u00e7in genel minimum gereksinimler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0130\u015flemci (CPU):<\/strong> Intel i386 uyumlu (Pentium ve sonras\u0131), AMD64 (x86-64) veya ARM i\u015flemci. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011fu sistem AMD64 mimarisindedir.<\/li>\n
  • Bellek (RAM):<\/strong> Minimum 512 MB, ancak GUI veya yo\u011fun uygulamalar i\u00e7in 1 GB veya daha fazlas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. ZFS kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z en az 4 GB RAM tavsiye edilir.<\/li>\n
  • Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Minimal bir kurulum i\u00e7in 2 GB yeterli olabilir. Ancak, Ports a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131, dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve ek yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kurmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z en az 10-20 GB bo\u015f alan \u00f6nerilir.<\/li>\n
  • A\u011f Kart\u0131:<\/strong> Kurulumdan sonra a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in uyumlu bir Ethernet veya Wi-Fi kart\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kurulum Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Edinme<\/h4>\n

    FreeBSD 10.1 ISO kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 resmi FreeBSD ar\u015fivlerinden veya yans\u0131lardan (mirror) indirebilirsiniz. Genellikle memstick.img<\/code> (USB bellek i\u00e7in) veya disc1.iso<\/code> (CD\/DVD veya sanal makine i\u00e7in) dosyalar\u0131 tercih edilir. \u0130ndirme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in FreeBSD’nin eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ar\u015fiv sitelerini ziyaret etmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • ISO \u0130ndirme:<\/strong> FreeBSD’nin resmi ar\u015fiv sunucular\u0131ndan 10.1-RELEASE ISO’sunu indirin. Genellikle ftp:\/\/ftp.freebsd.org\/pub\/FreeBSD\/releases\/ISO-IMAGES\/10.1\/<\/code> adresinde bulunabilir. Mimarinize (amd64 veya i386) uygun olan\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun.<\/li>\n
    • USB Belle\u011fe Yazma (memstick.img):<\/strong> Linux veya macOS \u00fczerinde dd<\/code> komutunu kullanarak ISO dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir USB belle\u011fe yazabilirsiniz. Windows kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Rufus veya Win32 Disk Imager gibi ara\u00e7lar mevcuttur.\n
      sudo dd if=\/path\/to\/FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=\/dev\/sdX bs=1M<\/code><\/pre>\n
              (\/dev\/sdX<\/code> yerine USB belle\u011finizin do\u011fru cihaz ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n, dikkatli olun, yanl\u0131\u015f diske yazmak veri kayb\u0131na neden olabilir.)<\/li>\n
    • CD\/DVD’ye Yazma (disc1.iso):<\/strong> Herhangi bir CD\/DVD yazma program\u0131 ile ISO dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir diske yazd\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Donan\u0131m Uyumlulu\u011fu<\/h4>\n
      FreeBSD, geni\u015f bir donan\u0131m yelpazesini destekler. Ancak, \u00f6zellikle yeni veya \u00e7ok \u00f6zel donan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir. 10.1 gibi eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm, daha eski donan\u0131mlarla daha iyi uyumluluk g\u00f6sterebilirken, en yeni nesil donan\u0131mlar\u0131n baz\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri bu s\u00fcr\u00fcmde mevcut olmayabilir. Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n FreeBSD taraf\u0131ndan desteklenip desteklenmedi\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in FreeBSD donan\u0131m uyumluluk listelerine (varsa) g\u00f6z atmak faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
      Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
      Kurulum ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131ktan sonra, sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n ve BIOS\/UEFI ayarlar\u0131ndan USB bellek veya CD\/DVD’den \u00f6ny\u00fckleme yapmay\u0131 se\u00e7in. FreeBSD kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 sizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m y\u00f6nlendirecektir.<\/p>\n
      1. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve Kurulum Men\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h4>\n
      Sisteminiz kurulum ortam\u0131ndan \u00f6ny\u00fcklendi\u011finde, FreeBSD boot men\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6receksiniz. Varsay\u0131lan olarak “Boot Multi user” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek devam edin. Ard\u0131ndan “Install” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek kurulum sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
      2. Dil ve Klavye D\u00fczeni Se\u00e7imi<\/h4>\n
      \u0130lk ad\u0131mda, klavye d\u00fczeninizi se\u00e7meniz istenecektir. “Turkish” veya size uygun ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczeni se\u00e7in. Ard\u0131ndan “Continue” ile devam edin. Kurulum dili \u0130ngilizce kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
      3. Hostname Belirleme<\/h4>\n
      Sisteminize bir ana bilgisayar ad\u0131 (hostname) verin. Bu, a\u011f \u00fczerinde sisteminizi tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin, freebsdserver<\/code>).<\/p>\n
      4. Sistem Bile\u015fenleri Se\u00e7imi<\/h4>\n
      Hangi sistem bile\u015fenlerinin kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7meniz istenir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 se\u00e7meniz \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • doc<\/code>: \u00c7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 dok\u00fcmantasyon.<\/li>\n
      • ports<\/code>: Ports a\u011fac\u0131 (yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kaynaktan derlemek i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n
      • src<\/code>: Sistem kaynak kodlar\u0131 (\u00e7ekirdek veya sistem geli\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n
      • lib32<\/code>: 32-bit uygulamalar i\u00e7in k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler (sadece 64-bit sistemlerde).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        Minimum bir sunucu i\u00e7in doc<\/code> ve ports<\/code> yeterli olabilir. src<\/code>, \u00e7ekirdek derleme gibi daha ileri seviye i\u015flemler i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n
        5. Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme<\/h4>\n
        Bu, kurulumun en kritik ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00dc\u00e7 ana se\u00e7enek sunulur:<\/p>\n
          \n
        • Auto (UFS):<\/strong> Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in en kolay se\u00e7enektir. Kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 diski otomatik olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirir ve UFS (Unix File System) dosya sistemini kullan\u0131r. Bu se\u00e7enek genellikle t\u00fcm diski FreeBSD’ye ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • Auto (ZFS):<\/strong> ZFS, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir dosya sistemi olup veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler (snapshots) ve birim y\u00f6netimi gibi \u00f6zellikler sunar. Ancak, ZFS daha fazla RAM gerektirir ve yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in biraz karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir.<\/li>\n
        • Manual:<\/strong> Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirmesini tam olarak kontrol etmek isteyen deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7indir. Kendi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinizi (\/<\/code>, \/var<\/code>, \/tmp<\/code>, \/usr<\/code>, swap<\/code>) olu\u015fturabilir ve boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in Auto (UFS)<\/strong> se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Bu, diski otomatik olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirecek ve bir swap alan\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer diskin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayacaksan\u0131z veya farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma istiyorsan\u0131z, “Manual” se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanarak b\u00f6l\u00fcm tablosunu (GPT veya MBR) ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kendiniz olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, GPT se\u00e7ip bir EFI b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (UEFI sistemler i\u00e7in), bir swap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve bir UFS b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
          6. Root \u015eifresi Belirleme<\/h4>\n
          root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fifre belirleyin. Bu, sistemin s\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131d\u0131r ve t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim yetkilerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
          7. A\u011f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
          A\u011f kart\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in ve a\u011f ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n. \u00c7o\u011fu ev veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ofis ortam\u0131nda DHCP yeterli olacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer sunucu olarak kullanacaksan\u0131z veya sabit bir IP adresine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, “No” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek manuel olarak IP adresi, alt a\u011f maskesi, a\u011f ge\u00e7idi ve DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131 girebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
          8. Saat Dilimi ve Tarih Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
          B\u00f6lgenize uygun saat dilimini se\u00e7in. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in “Europe\/Istanbul” se\u00e7ene\u011fini bulabilirsiniz. Ard\u0131ndan, sistem saatini UTC olarak m\u0131 yoksa yerel saat olarak m\u0131 ayarlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in. \u00c7o\u011fu Linux\/UNIX sistemi UTC kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
          9. Servisleri Se\u00e7me<\/h4>\n
          Kurulum sihirbaz\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hangi servislerin etkinle\u015ftirilece\u011fini sorar. Genellikle sshd<\/code> (g\u00fcvenli kabuk eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in) ve ntpdate<\/code> (saat senkronizasyonu i\u00e7in) gibi temel servisler se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
          10. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ekleme<\/h4>\n
          root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in standart bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, tam ad\u0131 ve \u015fifresini belirleyin. Genellikle varsay\u0131lan kabuk (shell) \/bin\/csh<\/code>‘dir, ancak \/bin\/tcsh<\/code> veya \/bin\/bash<\/code> (sonradan kurulabilir) gibi alternatifler de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
          11. Kurulumun Tamamlanmas\u0131 ve Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
          T\u00fcm ayarlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, kurulum i\u015flemi ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, sisteminizin h\u0131z\u0131na ve se\u00e7ti\u011finiz bile\u015fenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak biraz zaman alabilir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, “Reboot” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n. Kurulum medyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
          Kurulum Sonras\u0131 \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar ve Temel Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
          Sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, belirledi\u011finiz kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre ile giri\u015f yapabilirsiniz. \u0130lk giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, sisteminizi kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar yapman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
          1. Sisteme Giri\u015f ve Temel Komutlar<\/h4>\n
          Sisteme giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, bir komut istemi (shell) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Temel komutlar\u0131 kullanarak sistem hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
            \n
          • uname -a<\/code>: Sistem bilgilerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
          • ifconfig<\/code>: A\u011f aray\u00fczlerini ve IP adreslerini listeler.<\/li>\n
          • df -h<\/code>: Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
          • freebsd-version<\/code>: FreeBSD s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            2. pkg<\/code> ile Paket Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
            FreeBSD 10.1 ile birlikte pkg<\/code>, varsay\u0131lan paket y\u00f6neticisi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu, yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u00fcklemeyi ve y\u00f6netmeyi olduk\u00e7a kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak, pkg<\/code>‘yi ba\u015flatman\u0131z ve paket veritaban\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
            sudo pkg update\nsudo pkg upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n
            E\u011fer sudo<\/code> kurulu de\u011filse, root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak giri\u015f yapman\u0131z veya su -<\/code> komutunu kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir. sudo<\/code> kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
            pkg install sudo<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Ard\u0131ndan, \/usr\/local\/etc\/sudoers<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sudo<\/code> grubuna eklemeniz gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in visudo<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
            visudo<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyerek kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve izinlerinizi belirtin:<\/p>\n
            your_username ALL=(ALL) ALL<\/code><\/pre>\n
            your_username<\/code> yerine kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131n. Dosyay\u0131 kaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (vi d\u00fczenleyicide :wq<\/code>).<\/p>\n
            3. Sistem G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
            Kurulumdan sonra, sisteminizi en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 ve hata d\u00fczeltmeleriyle g\u00fcncel tutmak \u00f6nemlidir. FreeBSD’de bu i\u015flem freebsd-update<\/code> komutu ile yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
            sudo freebsd-update fetch\nsudo freebsd-update install<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu komutlar, sistem \u00e7ekirde\u011fini ve temel sistem bile\u015fenlerini g\u00fcnceller. E\u011fer \u00e7ekirdek g\u00fcncellenirse, sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
            4. SSH Eri\u015fimi Aktifle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
            E\u011fer bir sunucu kuruyorsan\u0131z veya sisteme uzaktan eri\u015fmek istiyorsan\u0131z, SSH servisini etkinle\u015ftirmeniz gerekir. Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda se\u00e7memi\u015f olsan\u0131z bile, \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek bunu yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
            sudo ee \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Dosyan\u0131n sonuna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
            sshd_enable=\"YES\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Ard\u0131ndan SSH servisini ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
            sudo service sshd start<\/code><\/pre>\n
            5. Ek Disk Alan\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
            E\u011fer kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda ek diskler ba\u011flamad\u0131ysan\u0131z veya daha sonra yeni bir disk eklediyseniz, bu diskleri kullanabilmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme ve ba\u011flama (mount) i\u015flemleri yapman\u0131z gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yeni bir disk olan \/dev\/ada1<\/code>‘i kullanmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
            sudo gpart create -s GPT ada1\nsudo gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l mydata ada1\nsudo newfs \/dev\/gpt\/mydata\nsudo mkdir \/mnt\/data\nsudo mount \/dev\/gpt\/mydata \/mnt\/data<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Sistemin her a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na ilgili sat\u0131r\u0131 eklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
            \/dev\/gpt\/mydata \/mnt\/data ufs rw 2 2<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Temel Sistem Y\u00f6netimi ve Komutlar<\/h3>\n
            FreeBSD, UNIX benzeri bir i\u015fletim sistemi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok komutu Linux ile ortakt\u0131r. Ancak baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve FreeBSD’ye \u00f6zg\u00fc ara\u00e7lar da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
            1. Dizin Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h4>\n
            FreeBSD’nin dizin yap\u0131s\u0131, di\u011fer UNIX benzeri sistemlere benzer:<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \/<\/code>: K\u00f6k dizin.<\/li>\n
            • \/bin<\/code>: Temel kullan\u0131c\u0131 komutlar\u0131.<\/li>\n
            • \/sbin<\/code>: Temel sistem y\u00f6netim komutlar\u0131.<\/li>\n
            • \/etc<\/code>: Sistem yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131.<\/li>\n
            • \/usr<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 programlar\u0131, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, dok\u00fcmanlar, Ports a\u011fac\u0131.<\/li>\n
            • \/var<\/code>: De\u011fi\u015fken veriler (log dosyalar\u0131, spool dizinleri).<\/li>\n
            • \/home<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ev dizinleri.<\/li>\n
            • \/tmp<\/code>: Ge\u00e7ici dosyalar.<\/li>\n
            • \/dev<\/code>: Cihaz dosyalar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              2. Dosya ve Dizin Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • ls<\/code>: Dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini listeler (ls -l<\/code> detayl\u0131 liste, ls -a<\/code> gizli dosyalarla birlikte).<\/li>\n
              • cd<\/code>: Dizin de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
              • cp<\/code>: Dosya veya dizin kopyalar (cp -r<\/code> dizinler i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n
              • mv<\/code>: Dosya veya dizin ta\u015f\u0131r\/yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
              • rm<\/code>: Dosya siler (rm -r<\/code> dizinler i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n
              • mkdir<\/code>: Dizin olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
              • rmdir<\/code>: Bo\u015f dizin siler.<\/li>\n
              • cat<\/code>, more<\/code>, less<\/code>: Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/li>\n
              • ee<\/code>, vi<\/code>, nano<\/code>: Metin d\u00fczenleyiciler (ee<\/code> yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in daha kolayd\u0131r, vi<\/code> g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ama \u00f6\u011frenmesi zaman al\u0131r, nano<\/code> y\u00fcklenmesi gerekebilir).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                3. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve Grup Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • adduser<\/code>: Yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in interaktif bir ara\u00e7.<\/li>\n
                • pw<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir komut (pw useradd<\/code>, pw groupadd<\/code>).<\/li>\n
                • passwd<\/code>: Kullan\u0131c\u0131 \u015fifresini de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
                • chown<\/code>: Dosya\/dizin sahibini de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
                • chgrp<\/code>: Dosya\/dizin grubunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
                • chmod<\/code>: Dosya\/dizin izinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  4. S\u00fcre\u00e7 Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • ps aux<\/code>: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7leri g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
                  • top<\/code>: Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 sistem kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
                  • kill PID<\/code>: Belirli bir s\u00fcreci sonland\u0131r\u0131r (PID, s\u00fcrecin kimlik numaras\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li>\n
                  • killall process_name<\/code>: Belirli bir isimdeki t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7leri sonland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    5. Servis Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
                    Servisler, FreeBSD’de \/etc\/rc.d<\/code> dizinindeki script’ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netilir. Servisleri ba\u015flatmak, durdurmak veya yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in service<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
                    sudo service sshd start\nsudo service apache24 stop\nsudo service mysql-server restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
                    Servislerin sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, sshd_enable=\"YES\"<\/code>).<\/p>\n
                    6. Log Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
                    Sistem ve uygulama loglar\u0131 \/var\/log<\/code> dizininde bulunur. \u00d6nemli log dosyalar\u0131:<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \/var\/log\/messages<\/code>: Genel sistem mesajlar\u0131.<\/li>\n
                    • \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code>: Kimlik do\u011frulama ile ilgili olaylar.<\/li>\n
                    • \/var\/log\/maillog<\/code>: Posta sunucusu loglar\u0131.<\/li>\n
                    • \/var\/log\/dmesg.boot<\/code>: \u00d6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdek mesajlar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      A\u011f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/h3>\n
                      FreeBSD’nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011f yetenekleri, onu sunucular ve a\u011f cihazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal bir se\u00e7im yapar. G\u00fcvenlik, FreeBSD’nin temel felsefesinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
                      1. A\u011f Aray\u00fczlerini Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (\/etc\/rc.conf<\/code>)<\/h4>\n
                      A\u011f aray\u00fczleri, \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, em0<\/code> aray\u00fcz\u00fcne statik bir IP adresi atamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
                      ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\ndefaultrouter=\"192.168.1.1\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      DHCP kullanmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
                      ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      DNS sunucular\u0131 ise \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlan\u0131r:<\/p>\n
                      nameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 8.8.4.4<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      2. G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (PF) Temelleri<\/h4>\n
                      FreeBSD, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir durum bilgili g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 olan PF (Packet Filter) ile birlikte gelir. PF’yi etkinle\u015ftirmek ve kurallar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> ve \/etc\/pf.conf<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n
                      \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131na ekleyin:<\/p>\n
                      pf_enable=\"YES\"\npf_rules=\"\/etc\/pf.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      Basit bir \/etc\/pf.conf<\/code> \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/p>\n
                      # Gelen t\u00fcm trafi\u011fi engelle, sadece belirli portlara izin ver\nblock all\npass in on em0 proto tcp to any port { ssh, http, https }<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      Kurallar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
                      sudo service pf start<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      Kurallar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in pfctl -sr<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
                      3. Jails’e Giri\u015f<\/h4>\n
                      FreeBSD Jails, hafif ve verimli bir sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisidir. Her Jail, ana sistemden izole edilmi\u015f kendi dosya sistemine, s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcne sahip ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir FreeBSD ortam\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, birden fazla servisi veya uygulamay\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in idealdir. 10.1 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnde Jails mevcuttur ve jail(8)<\/code> komutu ve \/etc\/jail.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131 ile yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Jails, sistem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 daha verimli kullanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flarken, g\u00fcvenlik ve izolasyon sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
                      Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Y\u00fckleme ve Y\u00f6netimi<\/h3>\n
                      FreeBSD’de yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u00fcklemenin iki ana yolu vard\u0131r: pkg<\/code> paket y\u00f6neticisi ve Ports a\u011fac\u0131.<\/p>\n
                      1. pkg<\/code> ile Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n
                      pkg<\/code>, ikili (binary) paketleri y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in modern ve kolay bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilen y\u00f6ntemdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kaynaktan derlemeye gerek kalmaz, bu da zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • Paket Arama:<\/strong> pkg search apache<\/code><\/li>\n
                      • Paket Kurulumu:<\/strong> sudo pkg install apache24<\/code><\/li>\n
                      • Kurulu Paketleri Listeleme:<\/strong> pkg info<\/code><\/li>\n
                      • Paket Kald\u0131rma:<\/strong> sudo pkg delete apache24<\/code><\/li>\n
                      • Paket Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Temizleme:<\/strong> sudo pkg autoremove<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        pkg<\/code>, genellikle en g\u00fcncel ve kararl\u0131 paket s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini sunar. Ancak, belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm veya \u00f6zel derleme se\u00e7enekleri gerekiyorsa Ports a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
                        2. Ports A\u011fac\u0131 Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n
                        Ports a\u011fac\u0131, FreeBSD’nin yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kaynaktan derlemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir sistemdir. Binlerce yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve size derleme se\u00e7enekleri \u00fczerinde tam kontrol sa\u011flar. Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6zel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar veya en yeni (hatta geli\u015ftirme) s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri kullanmak isteyenler i\u00e7in idealdir.<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        • Ports A\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ndirme:<\/strong>\n
                          sudo portsnap fetch extract<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  Bu komut, Ports a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 \/usr\/ports<\/code> dizinine indirir ve a\u00e7ar. \u0130lk kez yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biraz zaman alabilir.<\/li>\n
                        • Ports A\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>\n
                          sudo portsnap fetch update<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
                        • Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Derleme ve Kurulumu:<\/strong>\n
                          \u0130stedi\u011finiz yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n dizinine gidin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Nginx i\u00e7in):<\/p>\n
                          cd \/usr\/ports\/www\/nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          Derleme se\u00e7eneklerini yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131):<\/p>\n
                          make config<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 derleyin ve kurun:<\/p>\n
                          sudo make install clean<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  make install<\/code> yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kurar, clean<\/code> ise derleme sonras\u0131 ge\u00e7ici dosyalar\u0131 siler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          Ports a\u011fac\u0131ndan kurulan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar da pkg<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan takip edilir ve y\u00f6netilebilir. Ancak, Ports ile derledi\u011finiz yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00fcncellemeleri i\u00e7in tekrar Ports a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z veya pkg upgrade<\/code> ile ikili paketlere ge\u00e7meniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
                          Sorun Giderme ve Kaynaklar<\/h3>\n
                          FreeBSD kullan\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz sorunlar i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok kaynak mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
                          1. Yayg\u0131n Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h4>\n
                            \n
                          • A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> ifconfig<\/code> ile aray\u00fcz durumunu kontrol edin. \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> ve \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/li>\n
                          • Paket Kurulum Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> pkg update<\/code> ve pkg upgrade<\/code> yaparak paket veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyin. \u0130nternet ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n
                          • Disk Alan\u0131 Dolu:<\/strong> df -h<\/code> ve du -sh *<\/code> komutlar\u0131 ile hangi dizinlerin yer kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulun. Eski log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 veya gereksiz dosyalar\u0131 temizleyin.<\/li>\n
                          • Sistem Performans\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/strong> top<\/code> komutu ile hangi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin CPU veya RAM kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            2. Resmi FreeBSD Dok\u00fcmantasyonu<\/h4>\n
                            FreeBSD Handbook, sistem hakk\u0131nda en kapsaml\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel bilgiyi sunan resmi kaynakt\u0131r. Her zaman ba\u015fvuru noktas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 dok\u00fcmantasyonu kurduysan\u0131z, \/usr\/local\/share\/doc\/freebsd\/<\/code> alt\u0131nda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
                            3. Forumlar ve Topluluk<\/h4>\n
                            FreeBSD Forumlar\u0131, sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015fabilece\u011finiz ve di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan yard\u0131m alabilece\u011finiz aktif bir topluluktur. Ayr\u0131ca, Stack Overflow gibi genel platformlarda da FreeBSD ile ilgili sorular sorabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
                            4. IRC Kanallar\u0131<\/h4>\n
                            Freenode (irc.freenode.net<\/code>) \u00fczerindeki #freebsd<\/code> ve #freebsd-tr<\/code> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e) kanallar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 destek ve sohbet i\u00e7in harika yerlerdir.<\/p>\n
                            Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
                            FreeBSD 10.1 ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapmak, sizi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, kararl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir i\u015fletim sistemiyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Her ne kadar 10.1 art\u0131k desteklenmeyen bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olsa da, bu rehberde anlat\u0131lan temel prensipler, kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve sistem y\u00f6netim komutlar\u0131, FreeBSD’nin modern s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturur. pkg<\/code> paket y\u00f6neticisi ve Ports a\u011fac\u0131 gibi ara\u00e7larla yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u00f6netimi, rc.conf<\/code> ile sistem yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve PF ile g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi gibi temel becerileri kazanmak, sizi daha karma\u015f\u0131k FreeBSD ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmeye haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
                            FreeBSD \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcreci, sab\u0131r ve ke\u015ffetme iste\u011fi gerektirir. Ancak bu \u00e7aba, size derinlemesine bir i\u015fletim sistemi bilgisi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, g\u00fcvenilir sistemler kurma yetene\u011fi kazand\u0131racakt\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n ki, her yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmle birlikte iyile\u015ftirmeler ve yeni \u00f6zellikler gelse de, temel UNIX felsefesi ve FreeBSD’nin mimarisi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayn\u0131 kal\u0131r. Bu nedenle, 10.1 \u00fczerinde edindi\u011finiz deneyim, FreeBSD’nin gelecekteki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde de de\u011ferini koruyacakt\u0131r. \u015eimdi, sanal makinenizi veya eski bir donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131n ve FreeBSD d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m at\u0131n!<\/p>\n
                            <\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber\nA\u00e7\u0131k kaynak d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek i\u015fletim sistemlerinden biri olan FreeBSD, sunucu o","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34804","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nFreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek i\u015fletim sistemlerinden biri olan FreeBSD, sunucu o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-22T04:40:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-22T04:40:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\"},\"wordCount\":3092,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-1-ile-baslangic-kapsamli-bir-rehber\/\",\"name\":\"FreeBSD 10.1 ile Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Rehber - 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