Node.js ile GraphQL, Redis, JWT ve Sequelize Kullanarak Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Projesi Olu\u015fturma<\/p>\n
Merhaba, bug\u00fcn size Node.js ile GraphQL, Redis, JWT ve Sequelize kullanarak bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 projesi nas\u0131l olu\u015fturabilece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterece\u011fim. Bu teknolojilerin bir kombinasyonunun, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir, g\u00fcvenli ve verimli uygulamalar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n
Node.js, JavaScript tabanl\u0131 bir sunucu taraf\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131d\u0131r. GraphQL, API’ler i\u00e7in bir sorgu dilidir. Redis, bir bellek i\u00e7i veri deposudur. JWT, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir standartt\u0131r. Sequelize, Node.js uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ORM’dir.<\/p>\n
Projemiz, her biri belirli bir g\u00f6revi yerine getiren birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 katmandan olu\u015facakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle projemiz i\u00e7in gerekli olan paketleri y\u00fcklememiz gerekiyor. Bunu, terminalde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
“`bash
\nnpm install express graphql sequelize pg redis jwt-simple
\n“`<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, projeyi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dosya yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
“`
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 index.js
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 src
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 db
\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 models
\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 User.js
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 auth
\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 auth.js
\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 resolvers
\n \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 index.js
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 schema
\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 schema.js<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
Sequelize kullanarak PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 bilgilerinizi `.env` dosyas\u0131na ekleyin:<\/p>\n
“`
\nDB_HOST=localhost
\nDB_NAME=your_database_name
\nDB_USER=your_database_user
\nDB_PASSWORD=your_database_password
\n“`<\/p>\n
Daha sonra, `src\/db\/models\/User.js` dosyas\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131 modelini tan\u0131mlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst { DataTypes } = require(‘sequelize’);
\nconst sequelize = require(‘..\/config\/database’);<\/p>\n
const User = sequelize.define(‘User’, {
\n id: {
\n type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
\n autoIncrement: true,
\n primaryKey: true,
\n },
\n name: {
\n type: DataTypes.STRING,
\n allowNull: false,
\n },
\n email: {
\n type: DataTypes.STRING,
\n allowNull: false,
\n unique: true,
\n },
\n password: {
\n type: DataTypes.STRING,
\n allowNull: false,
\n },
\n});<\/p>\n
module.exports = User;
\n“`<\/p>\n
GraphQL \u015femas\u0131, API’mizi tan\u0131mlar ve sorgu yap\u0131labilecek t\u00fcrleri ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri tan\u0131mlar. `src\/schema\/schema.js` dosyas\u0131nda \u015femalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst { GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLString, GraphQLSchema, GraphQLID, GraphQLList } = require(‘graphql’);
\nconst User = require(‘..\/db\/models\/User’);<\/p>\n
const UserType = new GraphQLObjectType({
\n name: ‘User’,
\n fields: () => ({
\n id: { type: GraphQLID },
\n name: { type: GraphQLString },
\n email: { type: GraphQLString },
\n }),
\n});<\/p>\n
const RootQuery = new GraphQLObjectType({
\n name: ‘RootQueryType’,
\n fields: {
\n users: {
\n type: new GraphQLList(UserType),
\n resolve(parent, args) {
\n return User.findAll();
\n },
\n },
\n user: {
\n type: UserType,
\n args: { id: { type: GraphQLID } },
\n resolve(parent, args) {
\n return User.findByPk(args.id);
\n },
\n },
\n },
\n});<\/p>\n
module.exports = new GraphQLSchema({
\n query: RootQuery,
\n});
\n“`<\/p>\n
GraphQL \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, istekleri i\u015fler ve verileri geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. `src\/resolvers\/index.js` dosyas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerimizi tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst User = require(‘..\/db\/models\/User’);
\nconst { AuthenticationError } = require(‘apollo-server-express’);
\nconst jwt = require(‘jsonwebtoken’);<\/p>\n
const resolvers = {
\n Query: {
\n users: async (parent, args) => {
\n return User.findAll();
\n },
\n user: async (parent, args) => {
\n return User.findByPk(args.id);
\n },
\n },
\n Mutation: {
\n createUser: async (parent, args) => {
\n const { name, email, password } = args;
\n try {
\n const user = await User.create({ name, email, password });
\n return user;
\n } catch (error) {
\n throw new Error(‘Kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturulamad\u0131.’);
\n }
\n },
\n loginUser: async (parent, args) => {
\n const { email, password } = args;
\n const user = await User.findOne({ where: { email } });
\n if (!user || !(await user.validatePassword(password))) {
\n throw new AuthenticationError(‘Ge\u00e7ersiz e-posta veya \u015fifre.’);
\n }
\n const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id }, process.env.JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: ‘1h’ });
\n return { token };
\n },
\n },
\n};<\/p>\n
module.exports = resolvers;
\n“`<\/p>\n
JWT kullanarak kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fiz. `src\/auth\/auth.js` dosyas\u0131nda bir kimlik do\u011frulama arac\u0131 tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst jwt = require(‘jsonwebtoken’);<\/p>\n
const authMiddleware = (req, res, next) => {
\n const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;
\n if (authHeader) {
\n const token = authHeader.split(‘ ‘)[1];
\n jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET, (err, user) => {
\n if (err) {
\n return res.sendStatus(403);
\n }
\n req.user = user;
\n next();
\n });
\n } else {
\n next();
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
module.exports = authMiddleware;
\n“`<\/p>\n
Redis’i oturumu y\u00f6netmek ve \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. `index.js` dosyas\u0131nda Redis ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst redis = require(‘redis’);
\nconst client = redis.createClient({
\n host: process.env.REDIS_HOST,
\n port: process.env.REDIS_PORT,
\n});<\/p>\n
client.on(‘error’, (err) => console.log(‘Redis ba\u011flant\u0131 hatas\u0131:’, err));
\n“`<\/p>\n
Son olarak, Node.js sunucumuzu `index.js` dosyas\u0131nda olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
“`javascript
\nconst express = require(‘express’);
\nconst { ApolloServer } = require(‘apollo-server-express’);
\nconst { graphqlHTTP } = require(‘express-graphql’);
\nconst schema = require(‘.\/src\/schema\/schema’);
\nconst resolvers = require(‘.\/src\/resolvers’);
\nconst authMiddleware = require(‘.\/src\/auth\/auth’);
\nconst redis = require(‘redis’);
\nconst client = redis.createClient();<\/p>\n
const app = express();
\nconst port = process.env.PORT || 4000;<\/p>\n
app.use(authMiddleware);<\/p>\n
const server = new ApolloServer({
\n typeDefs: schema,
\n resolvers,
\n context: ({ req }) => ({ req }),
\n});<\/p>\n
server.applyMiddleware({ app });<\/p>\n
app.listen(port, () =>
\n console.log(`Sunucu ${port} portunda dinleniyor. GraphQL’ye \u015fu adresten eri\u015febilirsiniz: http:\/\/localhost:${port}${server.graphqlPath}`)
\n);
\n“`<\/p>\n
Bu makalede, Node.js ile GraphQL, Redis, JWT ve Sequelize kullanarak nas\u0131l bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 projesi olu\u015fturabilece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterdik. Bu teknolojilerin bir kombinasyonunun, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir, g\u00fcvenli ve verimli uygulamalar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n