{"id":34659,"date":"2025-11-20T09:40:44","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T06:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=34659"},"modified":"2025-11-20T09:40:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T06:40:44","slug":"ubuntu-14-04-sunucusu-uzerine-apache-ile-drupal-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04-sunucusu-uzerine-apache-ile-drupal-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 14.04 Sunucusu \u00dczerine Apache ile Drupal Kurulumu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>Ubuntu 14.04 Sunucusu \u00dczerine Apache ile Drupal Kurulumu<\/h2>\n<h3>Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemleri (CMS) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz web d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve Drupal, esnekli\u011fi, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplulu\u011fu sayesinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan platformlardan biridir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ki\u015fisel bloglardan b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumsal web sitelerine kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede kullan\u0131labilen Drupal, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131yla geli\u015ftiricilere ve site y\u00f6neticilerine e\u015fsiz bir kontrol sunar. Bu makalede, uzun s\u00fcreli destek (LTS) sa\u011flayan ve o d\u00f6nemde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan Ubuntu 14.04 sunucusu \u00fczerine Apache web sunucusu ile Drupal&#8217;\u0131n nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu 14.04, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok sunucu ortam\u0131nda tercih edilmi\u015f bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Apache ise d\u00fcnya genelinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan web sunucular\u0131ndan biri olup, esnek yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri ve geni\u015f mod\u00fcl deste\u011fi ile Drupal gibi dinamik uygulamalar i\u00e7in ideal bir ortam sa\u011flar. Bu k\u0131lavuz, Drupal&#8217;\u0131 Ubuntu 14.04 ve Apache ortam\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131yla kurman\u0131z i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n<p>Bu kurulum rehberine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011finden emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir Ubuntu 14.04 sunucusuna sahip olmak. Bu sunucuya SSH eri\u015fiminiz ve root veya sudo yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Temel Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi.<\/li>\n<li>Sunucunuzun internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlerken, sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 <code>your_server_ip_or_domain<\/code> \u015feklinde belirtilen yerlerde kullanman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h3>\n<p>Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sunucunuzdaki paket listelerini ve y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri g\u00fcncelleyerek olas\u0131 uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek ve en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na sahip olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h4>Paket Listelerini ve Y\u00fckl\u00fc Paketleri G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n<p>Terminalinizi a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get upgrade -y\nsudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>apt-get update<\/code> komutu, yerel paket indeksinizi g\u00fcnceller. <code>apt-get upgrade<\/code> komutu, mevcut paketleri en yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir. <code>apt-get dist-upgrade<\/code> ise ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha ak\u0131ll\u0131ca y\u00f6neterek sistem genelinde daha kapsaml\u0131 bir y\u00fckseltme yapar. Bu i\u015flemlerden sonra, \u00f6zellikle kernel g\u00fcncellemeleri yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa, sunucuyu yeniden ba\u015flatmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Sunucunuz yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra SSH ile tekrar ba\u011flanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Apache Web Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal, dinamik bir web sitesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir web sunucusuna ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu rehberde Apache&#8217;yi kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4>Apache Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>Apache web sunucusunu kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install apache2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra Apache servisinin otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekir. Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan sunucunuzun IP adresine veya alan ad\u0131na giderek Apache&#8217;nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz. <code>http:\/\/your_server_ip_or_domain<\/code> adresine gitti\u011finizde &#8220;It works!&#8221; yazan varsay\u0131lan Apache sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Gerekli Apache Mod\u00fcllerini Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal&#8217;\u0131n sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 Apache mod\u00fcllerinin etkinle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle URL yeniden yazma (<code>mod_rewrite<\/code>) Drupal&#8217;\u0131n temiz URL&#8217;ler i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo a2enmod rewrite\nsudo a2enmod headers\nsudo a2enmod expires\nsudo a2enmod deflate<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Mod\u00fclleri etkinle\u015ftirdikten sonra Apache servisini yeniden ba\u015flatmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>MySQL Veritaban\u0131 Sunucusu Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal, t\u00fcm site i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131nda saklar. Bu rehberde MySQL&#8217;i kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4>MySQL Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>MySQL sunucusunu ve istemcisini kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda MySQL root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir parola belirlemeniz istenecektir. Bu parolay\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h4>MySQL G\u00fcvenlik Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>MySQL kurulumunu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in <code>mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu betik size a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/code> MySQL root parolan\u0131z\u0131 girin (yeni kurduysan\u0131z ve ilk defa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131p Enter&#8217;a basabilirsiniz).<\/li>\n<li><code>Change the root password? [Y\/n]<\/code> Parolay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyip istemedi\u011finizi sorar. Zaten belirlediyseniz <code>n<\/code> diyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n]<\/code> Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmay\u0131 se\u00e7in (<code>Y<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><code>Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n]<\/code> Root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi se\u00e7in (<code>Y<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><code>Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n]<\/code> Test veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmay\u0131 se\u00e7in (<code>Y<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><code>Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n]<\/code> Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tablolar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcklemeyi se\u00e7in (<code>Y<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00fcm sorulara <code>Y<\/code> yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vererek MySQL kurulumunuzu daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>PHP ve Gerekli Mod\u00fcllerin Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal, PHP ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu nedenle PHP ve Drupal&#8217;\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu baz\u0131 PHP mod\u00fcllerinin kurulu olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ubuntu 14.04 varsay\u0131lan olarak PHP 5.5.9 ile gelir, bu da Drupal 7 i\u00e7in gayet uygundur.<\/p>\n<h4>PHP ve Mod\u00fcllerin Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla PHP ve Drupal i\u00e7in gerekli temel mod\u00fclleri kurun:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql php5-gd php5-curl php5-cli php5-mcrypt php5-intl -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>php5<\/code>: PHP yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><code>libapache2-mod-php5<\/code>: PHP&#8217;nin Apache ile entegrasyonunu sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-mysql<\/code>: PHP&#8217;nin MySQL veritabanlar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-gd<\/code>: G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme yetenekleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck resimler olu\u015fturma) i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-curl<\/code>: Uzak sunucularla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-cli<\/code>: Komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan PHP betiklerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereklidir (Drush gibi ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-mcrypt<\/code>: \u015eifreleme i\u015flevleri i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><code>php5-intl<\/code>: Uluslararas\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve yerelle\u015ftirme i\u015flevleri i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra Apache&#8217;yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n, b\u00f6ylece PHP mod\u00fclleri etkinle\u015fir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>PHP Kurulumunu Do\u011frulama (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h4>\n<p>PHP&#8217;nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in <code>phpinfo()<\/code> fonksiyonunu i\u00e7eren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir dosya olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code><?php\nphpinfo();\n?><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Kaydedip kapat\u0131n (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter). \u015eimdi taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan <code>http:\/\/your_server_ip_or_domain\/info.php<\/code> adresine gidin. PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini i\u00e7eren bir sayfa g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu sayfa, PHP&#8217;nin ve y\u00fckl\u00fc mod\u00fcllerin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle, bu dosyay\u0131 kontrol ettikten sonra silmeniz \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo rm \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>PHP Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal&#8217;\u0131n performansl\u0131 ve sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan PHP ayarlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. \u00d6zellikle bellek s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve dosya y\u00fckleme boyutlar\u0131 Drupal&#8217;\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>php.ini Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n<p>PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olan <code>php.ini<\/code>&#8216;yi d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo nano \/etc\/php5\/apache2\/php.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametreleri bulun ve Drupal&#8217;\u0131n gereksinimlerine uygun \u015fekilde ayarlay\u0131n. Minimum de\u011ferler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir, ancak sitenizin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler belirleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>memory_limit<\/code>: PHP betiklerinin kullanabilece\u011fi maksimum bellek miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Drupal i\u00e7in en az <code>256M<\/code> \u00f6nerilir.\n<pre><code>memory_limit = 256M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>upload_max_filesize<\/code>: Sunucuya y\u00fcklenebilecek maksimum dosya boyutunu belirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>64M<\/code>.\n<pre><code>upload_max_filesize = 64M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>post_max_size<\/code>: HTTP POST isteklerinin maksimum boyutunu belirler. Genellikle <code>upload_max_filesize<\/code> de\u011ferinden b\u00fcy\u00fck veya e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>64M<\/code>.\n<pre><code>post_max_size = 64M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>max_execution_time<\/code>: Bir PHP beti\u011finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilen maksimum s\u00fcreyi saniye cinsinden belirler. Uzun s\u00fcren i\u015flemler i\u00e7in <code>300<\/code> saniye veya daha fazlas\u0131 uygun olabilir.\n<pre><code>max_execution_time = 300<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>date.timezone<\/code>: PHP&#8217;nin do\u011fru tarih ve saat i\u015flevlerini kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in bir zaman dilimi belirlemeniz \u00f6nemlidir. Kendi co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgenize uygun bir zaman dilimi se\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, &#8220;Europe\/Istanbul&#8221;).\n<pre><code>date.timezone = Europe\/Istanbul<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, Apache&#8217;yi yeniden ba\u015flatarak PHP ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Drupal \u0130\u00e7in MySQL Veritaban\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, Drupal&#8217;\u0131n kullanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir veritaban\u0131 ve bu veritaban\u0131na eri\u015fim yetkisi olan bir MySQL kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>MySQL&#8217;e Giri\u015f<\/h4>\n<p>MySQL root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak giri\u015f yap\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130stendi\u011finde MySQL root parolan\u0131z\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n<h4>Veritaban\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal i\u00e7in bir veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturun. Bu \u00f6rnekte <code>drupaldb<\/code> ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Karakter setini <code>utf8<\/code> olarak ayarlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<pre><code>CREATE DATABASE drupaldb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve Yetkilendirme<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal i\u00e7in yeni bir MySQL kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya <code>drupaldb<\/code> veritaban\u0131 \u00fczerinde t\u00fcm yetkileri verin. <code>your_strong_password<\/code> yerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola belirlemeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>CREATE USER 'drupaluser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password';\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupaldb.* TO 'drupaluser'@'localhost';<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Uygulama ve \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/h4>\n<p>Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tablolar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyin ve MySQL&#8217;den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\nEXIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Art\u0131k Drupal&#8217;\u0131n kullanabilece\u011fi bir veritaban\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahipsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Drupal&#8217;\u0131 \u0130ndirme<\/h3>\n<p>Sistemimiz Drupal i\u00e7in haz\u0131r oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Drupal&#8217;\u0131n kendisini indirip web sunucumuzun eri\u015febilece\u011fi bir konuma yerle\u015ftirebiliriz. Ubuntu 14.04 ve PHP 5.5.9 ile uyumlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Drupal 7&#8217;yi kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4>Drupal \u0130ndirme ve \u00c7\u0131kartma<\/h4>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, Drupal&#8217;\u0131 ge\u00e7ici bir dizine indirelim. <code>7.x.x<\/code> yerine en son Drupal 7 s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>7.99<\/code>). En g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Drupal&#8217;\u0131n resmi web sitesinden kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code>cd \/tmp\nwget https:\/\/ftp.drupal.org\/files\/projects\/drupal-7.x.x.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130ndirme tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>tar -zxvf drupal-7.x.x.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu i\u015flem, <code>drupal-7.x.x<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dizin olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>Drupal Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Web K\u00f6k Dizinine Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h4>\n<p>\u015eimdi Drupal dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Apache&#8217;nin sunaca\u011f\u0131 bir dizine ta\u015f\u0131mam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu rehberde <code>\/var\/www\/drupal<\/code> dizinini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu, <code>\/var\/www\/html<\/code> alt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmekten daha temiz bir yap\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Drupal&#8217;\u0131 do\u011frudan bir alan ad\u0131 veya IP adresine ba\u011flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mv drupal-7.x.x \/var\/www\/drupal<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, indirilen Drupal dizinini <code>\/var\/www\/drupal<\/code> olarak yeniden adland\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Apache&#8217;yi Drupal \u0130\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131k, ancak Apache hen\u00fcz bu dizini bir web sitesi olarak sunacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131. Bir Virtual Host (Sanal Sunucu) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak Apache&#8217;ye Drupal&#8217;\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l hizmet verece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h4>Virtual Host Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n<p>Yeni bir Virtual Host dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/drupal.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. <code>your_domain_or_ip<\/code> yerine sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code><VirtualHost *:80>\n    ServerAdmin admin@example.com\n    ServerName your_domain_or_ip\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/drupal\n\n    <Directory \/var\/www\/drupal>\n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews\n        AllowOverride All\n        Order allow,deny\n        allow from all\n    <\/Directory>\n\n    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ServerAdmin<\/code>: Y\u00f6netici e-posta adresinizi buraya yaz\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><code>ServerName<\/code>: Sunucunuzun alan ad\u0131n\u0131 veya IP adresini belirtir.<\/li>\n<li><code>DocumentRoot<\/code>: Drupal dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu dizini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><code><Directory><\/code> blo\u011fu: <code>\/var\/www\/drupal<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ayarlar i\u00e7erir. <code>AllowOverride All<\/code> Drupal&#8217;\u0131n <code>.htaccess<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na izin verir ki bu temiz URL&#8217;ler i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedip dosyay\u0131 kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h4>Virtual Host&#8217;u Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n<p>Yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz Virtual Host&#8217;u etkinle\u015ftirmek ve varsay\u0131lan siteyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo a2ensite drupal.conf\nsudo a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ard\u0131ndan, Apache servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Dosya \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal&#8217;\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve dosya y\u00fcklemeleri gibi i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru dosya ve dizin izinlerine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca, Drupal&#8217;\u0131n kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendi yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 izinler ge\u00e7ici olarak geni\u015fletilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h4>Dosya ve Dizin Sahipli\u011fini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n Apache web sunucusunun kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (<code>www-data<\/code>) taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in sahipli\u011fi ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/drupal<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Temel Dizin \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n<p>T\u00fcm Drupal dizinleri i\u00e7in okuma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, t\u00fcm dosyalar i\u00e7in okuma izinlerini ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/drupal<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>settings.php Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Kopyalama ve \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal&#8217;\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (settings.php) olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan dosyay\u0131 kopyalay\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo cp \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/default.settings.php \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/settings.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda Drupal&#8217;\u0131n bu dosyaya yazabilmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici olarak yazma izni verin. Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra bu izni geri alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chmod 664 \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/settings.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Dosya Y\u00fckleme Dizinine \u0130zin Verme<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal&#8217;\u0131n y\u00fckledi\u011fi dosyalar\u0131 (resimler, belgeler vb.) saklayaca\u011f\u0131 <code>files<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in yazma izni verilmelidir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/files\nsudo chmod -R 775 \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/files<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu izinler, <code>www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve <code>www-data<\/code> grubundaki di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dosya olu\u015fturmas\u0131na ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Drupal Web Kurulumunu \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcm sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Drupal&#8217;\u0131n web tabanl\u0131 kurulum sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4>Web Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan Eri\u015fin<\/h4>\n<p>Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sunucunuzun IP adresine veya alan ad\u0131na gidin: <code>http:\/\/your_server_ip_or_domain<\/code><\/p>\n<h4>Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal kurulum sihirbaz\u0131 sizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlarda y\u00f6nlendirecektir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Dil Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> Tercih etti\u011finiz kurulum dilini se\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e veya English).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kurulum Profili Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> &#8220;Standard&#8221; (Standart) profili \u00e7o\u011fu kullan\u0131m durumu i\u00e7in uygundur. Minimal bir kurulum istiyorsan\u0131z &#8220;Minimal&#8221; se\u00e7ene\u011fini tercih edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Veritaban\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong> Bu ad\u0131mda, daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz MySQL veritaban\u0131 bilgilerini girmeniz gerekecektir:\n<ul>\n<li><code>Database name:<\/code> <code>drupaldb<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>Database username:<\/code> <code>drupaluser<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>Database password:<\/code> <code>your_strong_password<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>        Geli\u015fmi\u015f se\u00e7enekler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde genellikle herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapman\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kurulum S\u00fcreci:<\/strong> Drupal \u015fimdi veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kuracak ve gerekli mod\u00fclleri etkinle\u015ftirecektir. Bu birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Site Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Site name:<\/code> Web sitenizin ad\u0131n\u0131 girin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, &#8220;Benim Drupal Sitem&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li><code>Site e-mail address:<\/code> Sitenizin e-posta adresini girin.<\/li>\n<li><code>Username:<\/code> Y\u00f6netici kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 olu\u015fturun (\u00f6rne\u011fin, &#8220;admin&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li><code>Password:<\/code> Y\u00f6netici parolan\u0131z\u0131 girin ve onaylay\u0131n. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><code>Country:<\/code> \u00dclkenizi se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><code>Default time zone:<\/code> Varsay\u0131lan zaman dilimini se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00fcm bilgileri girdikten sonra &#8220;Save and continue&#8221; (Kaydet ve devam et) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Drupal sitenizin ana sayfas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirileceksiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Kurulum Sonras\u0131 G\u00f6revler<\/h3>\n<p>Drupal ba\u015far\u0131yla kurulduktan sonra, sitenizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve i\u015flevselli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>settings.php Dosyas\u0131 \u0130zinlerini Geri Alma<\/h4>\n<p>Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda <code>settings.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131na yazma izni vermi\u015ftik. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle bu izni geri almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chmod 644 \/var\/www\/drupal\/sites\/default\/settings.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu, dosyan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca okunabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve yetkisiz de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri engeller.<\/p>\n<h4>G\u00fcvenlik G\u00fcncellemeleri ve Mod\u00fcller<\/h4>\n<p>Drupal paneline giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, sitenizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Drupal G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> Drupal \u00e7ekirde\u011fini ve y\u00fckl\u00fc mod\u00fclleri d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncelleyin. Drupal aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde mevcut g\u00fcncellemeler hakk\u0131nda bildirimler alacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ek Mod\u00fcller ve Temalar:<\/strong> Sitenizin i\u015flevselli\u011fini ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in Drupal.org adresinden ek mod\u00fcller ve temalar indirebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drush Kurulumu (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilir):<\/strong> Drush, Drupal i\u00e7in bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. Mod\u00fcl y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6nbellek temizleme, veritaban\u0131 i\u015flemleri gibi bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6revi komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131ca yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install drush -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        Drush kurulduktan sonra <code>\/var\/www\/drupal<\/code> dizinine gidip <code>drush status<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cron G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong> Drupal&#8217;\u0131n periyodik bak\u0131m g\u00f6revlerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, g\u00fcncellemeleri kontrol etme, \u00f6nbelle\u011fi temizleme) otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir cron i\u015fi ayarlaman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. Ubuntu&#8217;da cron i\u015fi ayarlamak i\u00e7in <code>crontab -e<\/code> komutunu kullanabilir ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir sat\u0131r ekleyebilirsiniz:\n<pre><code>0 <em> <\/em> <em> <\/em> wget -O - -q -t 1 http:\/\/your_domain_or_ip\/cron.php?cron_key=YOUR_CRON_KEY >\/dev\/null 2>&1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>        <code>YOUR_CRON_KEY<\/code> yerine Drupal&#8217;\u0131n <code>settings.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda bulunan veya Drupal aray\u00fcz\u00fcnden alabilece\u011finiz ger\u00e7ek cron anahtar\u0131n\u0131 yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Bu detayl\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 14.04 sunucusu \u00fczerine Apache, MySQL ve PHP kullanarak Drupal 7&#8217;nin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuruldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Sistem g\u00fcncellemelerinden ba\u015flayarak, web ve veritaban\u0131 sunucular\u0131n\u0131n kurulumuna, PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na, Drupal dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n indirilip yerle\u015ftirilmesine ve son olarak web tabanl\u0131 kurulum sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemi olan Drupal ile web sitenizi geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flayabilirsiniz. Kurulum sonras\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini ve d\u00fczenli bak\u0131m g\u00f6revlerini ihmal etmemek, sitenizin uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Drupal&#8217;\u0131n geni\u015f mod\u00fcl ve tema ekosistemini ke\u015ffederek sitenizin potansiyelini tam olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, herhangi bir web uygulamas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Drupal kurulumunuzu ve sunucunuzu g\u00fcncel tutmak, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunman\u0131n en iyi yoludur.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 14.04 Sunucusu \u00dczerine Apache ile Drupal Kurulumu\nGiri\u015f\n\u0130\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemleri (CMS) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz web d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34659","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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