{"id":34410,"date":"2025-11-16T09:41:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T06:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=34410"},"modified":"2025-11-16T09:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T06:41:19","slug":"linux-komut-satiri-rehberi-baslangic-seviyesi-icin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/linux-komut-satiri-rehberi-baslangic-seviyesi-icin\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Rehberi: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Seviyesi \u0130\u00e7in"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<p>    <H2>Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Rehberi: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Seviyesi \u0130\u00e7in<\/H2><\/p>\n<p>Linux i\u015fletim sistemleri, geli\u015fmi\u015f kontrol ve esneklik sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn kalbi ise komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde (Command Line Interface &#8211; CLI) yatar. Grafiksel kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fczleri (GUI) g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in harika olsa da, komut sat\u0131r\u0131, otomasyon, sunucu y\u00f6netimi, sistem sorun giderme ve karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6revleri h\u0131zl\u0131ca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme konusunda e\u015fsiz avantajlar sunar. Bu rehber, Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m atmak isteyen herkes i\u00e7in temel bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan komutlar\u0131, dosya sistemi navigasyonunu ve pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenerek Linux ortam\u0131nda daha yetkin hale geleceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p>    <H3>Giri\u015f: Neden Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131?<\/H3><\/p>\n<p>Komut sat\u0131r\u0131, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zla metin tabanl\u0131 komutlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla etkile\u015fim kurdu\u011funuz bir aray\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bir terminal em\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fc (\u00f6rne\u011fin, GNOME Terminal, Konsole, xterm) a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan siyah veya koyu renkli pencere, i\u015fte bu komut sat\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Peki, neden klavye komutlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z? \u0130\u015fte ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenler:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u0131z ve Verimlilik:<\/b> Do\u011fru komutlarla, GUI&#8217;de birden fazla t\u0131klama gerektiren i\u015flemleri tek bir sat\u0131rda tamamlayabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><b>Otomasyon:<\/b> Tekrarlayan g\u00f6revleri otomatikle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in betikler (scriptler) yazabilirsiniz. Bu, sunucu y\u00f6netimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck veri i\u015fleme gibi alanlarda vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/li>\n<li><b>Uzaktan Y\u00f6netim:<\/b> Sunucular genellikle GUI&#8217;siz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. SSH (Secure Shell) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla komut sat\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden uzaktan eri\u015fim ve y\u00f6netim sa\u011flamak standart bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><b>Esneklik ve G\u00fc\u00e7:<\/b> Komutlar birbirine zincirlenebilir, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015fka komutlara girdi olarak verilebilir. Bu, sonsuz kombinasyon ve karma\u015f\u0131k i\u015flemler yapma yetene\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><b>Daha Az Kaynak T\u00fcketimi:<\/b> GUI&#8217;ye g\u00f6re daha az sistem kayna\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131r, bu da eski donan\u0131mlarda veya kaynak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ortamlarda avantaj sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Terminale Eri\u015fim:<\/b> \u00c7o\u011fu Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda, genellikle <code>Ctrl + Alt + T<\/code> tu\u015f kombinasyonu ile veya uygulama men\u00fcs\u00fcnden &#8220;Terminal&#8221; veya &#8220;U\u00e7birim&#8221; aratarak terminali a\u00e7abilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><b>Komut Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> Linux komutlar\u0131 genellikle \u015fu yap\u0131ya sahiptir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>komut [se\u00e7enekler] [arg\u00fcmanlar]<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Komut:<\/b> Yap\u0131lacak eylemi belirler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>ls<\/code>, <code>cd<\/code>, <code>cp<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><b>Se\u00e7enekler (Options\/Flags):<\/b> Komutun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren parametrelerdir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>-l<\/code> listeleme format\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir, <code>-a<\/code> gizli dosyalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir). Genellikle tek tire (<code>-<\/code>) veya \u00e7ift tire (<code>--<\/code>) ile ba\u015flarlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>-l<\/code> veya <code>--long<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><b>Arg\u00fcmanlar (Arguments):<\/b> Komutun \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapaca\u011f\u0131 nesnelerdir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dosya adlar\u0131, dizin yollar\u0131).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Yard\u0131m Alma:<\/b> Bir komutun ne i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi se\u00e7enekleri oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in <code>man<\/code> (manual) komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<pre><code>man ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, <code>ls<\/code> komutunun detayl\u0131 kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzunu a\u00e7ar. K\u0131lavuz i\u00e7inde gezinmek i\u00e7in ok tu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in <code>q<\/code> tu\u015funu kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>    <H3>Temel Komutlar ve Dosya Sistemi Navigasyonu<\/H3><\/p>\n<p>Linux dosya sistemi hiyerar\u015fiktir ve her \u015fey k\u00f6k dizin (<code>\/<\/code>) alt\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Dosya sistemi i\u00e7inde gezinmek ve temel i\u015flemler yapmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z:<\/p>\n<p><b><code>pwd<\/code> (Print Working Directory):<\/b> Mevcut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dizininizi (yani o an hangi klas\u00f6rde oldu\u011funuzu) g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<pre><code>pwd\n\/home\/kullaniciadi\/Belgeler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>ls<\/code> (List):<\/b> Mevcut dizinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini listeler. \u00c7ok say\u0131da se\u00e7ene\u011fi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-l<\/code> (long listing): Detayl\u0131 listeleme (izinler, sahip, boyut, tarih vb.).<\/li>\n<li><code>-a<\/code> (all): Gizli dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri (nokta ile ba\u015flayanlar) g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><code>-h<\/code> (human readable): Dosya boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta (KB, MB, GB) g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>ls\ndosya1.txt  resimler\/  yazilar\/\n\nls -l\n-rw-r--r-- 1 kullanici kullanici  1234 May 15 10:30 dosya1.txt\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 kullanici kullanici  4096 May 14 09:00 resimler\/\n\nls -lah\ntotal 20K\ndrwxr-xr-x  5 kullanici kullanici 4.0K May 15 11:00 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 20 kullanici kullanici 4.0K May 14 08:00 ..\n-rw-------  1 kullanici kullanici  20K May 15 10:00 .bash_history\n-rw-r--r--  1 kullanici kullanici 1.2K May 15 10:30 dosya1.txt\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 kullanici kullanici 4.0K May 14 09:00 resimler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>cd<\/code> (Change Directory):<\/b> Dizin de\u011fi\u015ftirmenizi sa\u011flar. En temel navigasyon komutudur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>cd Belgeler<\/code>: &#8220;Belgeler&#8221; dizinine gider.<\/li>\n<li><code>cd ..<\/code>: Bir \u00fcst dizine gider.<\/li>\n<li><code>cd .<\/code>: Mevcut dizin (hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmaz).<\/li>\n<li><code>cd ~<\/code> veya sadece <code>cd<\/code>: Ana dizininize (home directory) d\u00f6ner.<\/li>\n<li><code>cd \/<\/code>: K\u00f6k dizine gider.<\/li>\n<li><code>cd \/var\/log<\/code>: Mutlak bir yola (k\u00f6k dizinden ba\u015flayan) gider.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>cd Belgeler\npwd\n\/home\/kullaniciadi\/Belgeler\n\ncd ..\npwd\n\/home\/kullaniciadi<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>mkdir<\/code> (Make Directory):<\/b> Yeni bir dizin olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<pre><code>mkdir YeniDizin\nls\nYeniDizin  dosya1.txt  resimler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>touch<\/code>:<\/b> Yeni, bo\u015f bir dosya olu\u015fturur veya mevcut bir dosyan\u0131n eri\u015fim\/de\u011fi\u015ftirme zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnceller.<\/p>\n<pre><code>touch yeni_dosya.txt\nls\nYeniDizin  dosya1.txt  resimler\/  yeni_dosya.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b>Pratik \u0130pucu:<\/b> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda yazarken <code>Tab<\/code> tu\u015funa basarak komutlar\u0131, dosya adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dizinleri otomatik tamamlayabilirsiniz. Bu, yaz\u0131m hatalar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve h\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>    <H3>Dosya \u0130\u015flemleri ve \u0130\u00e7erik G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/H3><\/p>\n<p>Dosyalarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n en temel g\u00f6revlerinden biridir. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli komutlar:<\/p>\n<p><b><code>cp<\/code> (Copy):<\/b> Dosyalar\u0131 veya dizinleri kopyalar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>cp kaynak_dosya hedef_dosya<\/code>: Bir dosyay\u0131 kopyalar.<\/li>\n<li><code>cp kaynak_dosya hedef_dizin\/<\/code>: Bir dosyay\u0131 bir dizine kopyalar.<\/li>\n<li><code>cp -r kaynak_dizin\/ hedef_dizin\/<\/code>: Dizinleri ve i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi kopyalamak i\u00e7in <code>-r<\/code> (recursive) se\u00e7ene\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>cp yeni_dosya.txt yedek_dosya.txt\ncp yedek_dosya.txt Belgeler\/\ncp -r YeniDizin\/ Yedekler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>mv<\/code> (Move):<\/b> Dosyalar\u0131 veya dizinleri ta\u015f\u0131r veya yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>mv kaynak_dosya hedef_dosya<\/code>: Bir dosyay\u0131 yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>mv kaynak_dosya hedef_dizin\/<\/code>: Bir dosyay\u0131 bir dizine ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>mv yedek_dosya.txt eski_yedek.txt\nmv eski_yedek.txt Belgeler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>rm<\/code> (Remove):<\/b> Dosyalar\u0131 veya dizinleri siler. <b>Dikkatli olun, silinen dosyalar genellikle geri al\u0131namaz!<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>rm dosya.txt<\/code>: Bir dosyay\u0131 siler.<\/li>\n<li><code>rm -r dizin\/<\/code>: Bir dizini ve i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi silmek i\u00e7in <code>-r<\/code> (recursive) se\u00e7ene\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>rm -f dosya.txt<\/code>: Zorla silme (onay istemeden, &#8220;force&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li><code>rm -rf dizin\/<\/code>: Bir dizini ve i\u00e7indeki her \u015feyi zorla ve onay istemeden siler. <b>Bu komutu kullan\u0131rken son derece dikkatli olun, yanl\u0131\u015f bir dizinle sisteminize kal\u0131c\u0131 zarar verebilirsiniz. \u00d6zellikle <code>rm -rf \/<\/code> komutu t\u00fcm sistemi siler!<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>rm yeni_dosya.txt\nrm -r Yedekler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>cat<\/code> (Concatenate):<\/b> Bir dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini terminale yazd\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code>cat \/etc\/os-release<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>less<\/code> ve <code>more<\/code>:<\/b> B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini sayfa sayfa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <code>less<\/code>, <code>more<\/code>&#8216;a g\u00f6re daha geli\u015fmi\u015ftir (ileri ve geri gidebilirsiniz). \u00c7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in <code>q<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>head<\/code> ve <code>tail<\/code>:<\/b> Bir dosyan\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla ilk veya son 10 sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. <code>-n<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile sat\u0131r say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code>head -n 5 logfile.txt  # Dosyan\u0131n ilk 5 sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir\ntail -n 20 logfile.txt # Dosyan\u0131n son 20 sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir\ntail -f logfile.txt    # Dosyaya yeni eklenen sat\u0131rlar\u0131 canl\u0131 olarak izler (log dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>grep<\/code> (Global Regular Expression Print):<\/b> Dosyalar i\u00e7inde belirli bir metin kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 arar.<\/p>\n<pre><code>grep \"hata\" \/var\/log\/syslog     # syslog dosyas\u0131nda \"hata\" kelimesini arar\ngrep -i \"warning\" log.txt       # B\u00fcy\u00fck\/k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harf duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmadan \"warning\" arar\ngrep -r \"root\" \/etc             # \/etc dizini i\u00e7inde ve alt dizinlerde \"root\" arar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    <H3>Girdi\/\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 Y\u00f6nlendirme ve Zincirleme (Piping)<\/H3><\/p>\n<p>Linux&#8217;ta her komutun standart bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 (stdout), standart bir girdisi (stdin) ve standart bir hata \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 (stderr) vard\u0131r. Bu ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek ve komutlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flamak, komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b><code>><\/code> (\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 Dosyaya Yazma):<\/b> Bir komutun standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir dosyaya yazar. E\u011fer dosya yoksa olu\u015fturur, varsa i\u00e7eri\u011fini tamamen siler ve \u00fczerine yazar.<\/p>\n<pre><code>ls -l > dosya_listesi.txt  # ls \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dosya_listesi.txt'ye yazar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u015eimdi <code>cat dosya_listesi.txt<\/code> yazarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><b><code>>><\/code> (\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 Dosyaya Ekleme):<\/b> Bir komutun standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir dosyan\u0131n sonuna ekler. Dosya yoksa olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<pre><code>echo \"Yeni bir sat\u0131r ekliyorum.\" >> dosya_listesi.txt # Metni dosyan\u0131n sonuna ekler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>|<\/code> (Pipe\/Boru Hatt\u0131):<\/b> Bir komutun standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir komutun standart girdisi olarak kullan\u0131r. Bu, komutlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek karma\u015f\u0131k i\u015flemler yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<pre><code>ls -l | less                 # ls \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 less'e g\u00f6nderir, b\u00f6ylece sayfa sayfa gezinebilirsiniz\ncat \/var\/log\/syslog | grep \"error\" | head -n 10 # syslog'daki hatalar\u0131 bul, ilk 10'unu g\u00f6ster\nps aux | grep \"firefox\"      # T\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda firefox'u arar<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    <H3>Sistem Bilgileri ve S\u00fcre\u00e7 Y\u00f6netimi<\/H3><\/p>\n<p>Sistem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel komutlar:<\/p>\n<p><b><code>df<\/code> (Disk Free):<\/b> Dosya sistemi disk alan\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>df -h<\/code>: Disk alan\u0131n\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta (GB, MB) g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>df -h\nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nudev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% \/dev\ntmpfs           797M  1.7M  795M   1% \/run\n\/dev\/sda1       235G   56G  167G  26% \/\ntmpfs           3.9G   68M  3.9G   2% \/dev\/shm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>du<\/code> (Disk Usage):<\/b> Dosya veya dizinlerin disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>du -sh dizin_adi\/<\/code>: Belirli bir dizinin toplam boyutunu insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta \u00f6zetler.<\/li>\n<li><code>du -h<\/code>: Mevcut dizindeki t\u00fcm dosya ve alt dizinlerin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>du -sh Belgeler\/\n4.5G    Belgeler\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>free<\/code>:<\/b> Sistemdeki bellek (RAM) kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>free -h<\/code>: Bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          7.8Gi       2.5Gi       3.1Gi       1.7Gi       2.2Gi       3.4Gi\nSwap:         2.0Gi          0B       2.0Gi<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>ps<\/code> (Process Status):<\/b> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri (programlar\u0131) g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ps aux<\/code>: T\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde listeler.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -ef<\/code>: S\u00fcre\u00e7leri hiyerar\u015fik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde listeler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>ps aux | head -n 5\nUSER         PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND\nroot           1  0.0  0.0 168128 11624 ?        Ss   May14   0:02 \/sbin\/init\nroot           2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    May14   0:00 [kthreadd]\nroot           3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   May14   0:00 [rcu_gp]\nroot           4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   May14   0:00 [rcu_par_gp]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>top<\/code>:<\/b> S\u00fcre\u00e7leri dinamik ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak izler. CPU, bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcncellenen bilgi sa\u011flar. \u00c7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in <code>q<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>top<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b><code>kill<\/code>:<\/b> Bir s\u00fcreci (program\u0131) sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcre\u00e7 ID'sini (PID) arg\u00fcman olarak al\u0131r. PID'yi <code>ps<\/code> veya <code>top<\/code> komutlar\u0131ndan alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>kill PID<\/code>: S\u00fcrece nazik\u00e7e sonland\u0131rma sinyali g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<li><code>kill -9 PID<\/code>: S\u00fcreci zorla sonland\u0131r\u0131r (acil durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>kill 12345    # 12345 PID'li s\u00fcreci sonland\u0131r\u0131r<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b>Not:<\/b> Baz\u0131 komutlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin sistem dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleme, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ekleme) i\u00e7in y\u00f6netici ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. Bu durumda komutun ba\u015f\u0131na <code>sudo<\/code> (superuser do) eklemeniz gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <code>sudo apt update<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>    <H2>Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/H2><\/p>\n<p>Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131, ilk ba\u015fta g\u00f6z korkutucu gelebilir, ancak bu rehberde ele al\u0131nan temel komutlar ve konseptler, bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arac\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131z i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir zemin olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Pratik yaparak, komutlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek ve <code>man<\/code> sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffederek bilginizi s\u00fcrekli geni\u015fletebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme yolculu\u011fudur ve her yeni komut, size yeni bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Terminali a\u00e7maktan \u00e7ekinmeyin ve denemeye ba\u015flay\u0131n!<\/p>\n<p>    <H3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/H3><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek ne kadar s\u00fcrer?<\/b>\n<p>Temel komutlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn veya hafta s\u00fcrebilirken, uzmanla\u015fmak ve ileri d\u00fczey betikler yazmak aylar, hatta y\u0131llar alabilir. \u00d6nemli olan d\u00fczenli pratik yapmak ve yeni \u015feyler denemekten \u00e7ekinmemektir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>GUI varken neden CLI kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/b>\n<p>CLI, otomasyon, uzaktan y\u00f6netim, h\u0131z ve kaynak verimlili\u011fi gibi GUI'nin sunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar sa\u011flar. \u00d6zellikle sunucu y\u00f6netimi, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme ve sistem sorun giderme gibi profesyonel alanlarda CLI bilgisi vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Hangi Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7meliyim?<\/b>\n<p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesi i\u00e7in Ubuntu, Linux Mint veya Fedora gibi kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar \u00f6nerilir. Bu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar geni\u015f topluluk deste\u011fi ve bol miktarda kaynak sunar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Komutlar\u0131 unutursam ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/b>\n<p>Bu \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r! <code>man komut_adi<\/code> ile yard\u0131m alabilir, internette arama yapabilir veya <code>history<\/code> komutu ile daha \u00f6nce kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z komutlar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca <code>Ctrl+R<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na basarak ge\u00e7mi\u015f komutlar aras\u0131nda arama yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan komutlar hangileri?<\/b>\n<p>Bu rehberde bahsetti\u011fimiz <code>ls<\/code>, <code>cd<\/code>, <code>pwd<\/code>, <code>cp<\/code>, <code>mv<\/code>, <code>rm<\/code>, <code>cat<\/code>, <code>grep<\/code>, <code>man<\/code>, <code>sudo<\/code>, <code>top<\/code> gibi komutlar en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lanlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlara ek olarak, <code>ssh<\/code>, <code>wget<\/code>, <code>apt<\/code>\/<code>dnf<\/code>\/<code>pacman<\/code> (paket y\u00f6neticileri) ve \u00e7e\u015fitli metin d\u00fczenleyicileri (<code>nano<\/code>, <code>vim<\/code>) de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Rehberi: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Seviyesi \u0130\u00e7in\n    Linux i\u015fletim sistemleri, geli\u015fmi\u015f kontrol ve esneklik sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7la","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34410","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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