{"id":34401,"date":"2025-11-16T06:40:42","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T03:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=34401"},"modified":"2025-11-16T06:40:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T03:40:42","slug":"ubuntu-12-04-x32-vps-uzerine-koha-kutuphane-yazilimi-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-x32-vps-uzerine-koha-kutuphane-yazilimi-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 x32 VPS \u00dczerine Koha K\u00fct\u00fcphane Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Kurulumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 x32 VPS \u00dczerine Koha K\u00fct\u00fcphane Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Kurulumu<\/h2>\n

Bu makale, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve entegre bir otomasyon sistemi olan Koha’y\u0131, eski ancak baz\u0131 ortamlarda hala kullan\u0131lan Ubuntu 12.04 x32 (Precise Pangolin) i\u015fletim sistemine sahip bir Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu (VPS) \u00fczerine nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Ubuntu 12.04, uzun s\u00fcredir desteklenmeyen bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, belirli senaryolarda veya mevcut altyap\u0131larda bu s\u00fcr\u00fcme kurulum yapma ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fabilir. Bu k\u0131lavuz, bu t\u00fcr bir ihtiyac\u0131 olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Koha ve Ubuntu 12.04 Ortam\u0131<\/h3>\n

Koha, d\u00fcnya genelinde binlerce k\u00fct\u00fcphane taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan, zengin \u00f6zelliklere sahip, kapsaml\u0131 bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane y\u00f6netim sistemidir. Katalo\u011flama, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verme\/iade, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, OPAC (\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Halk Eri\u015fim Katalo\u011fu), raporlama ve seri yay\u0131nlar gibi bir\u00e7ok mod\u00fcl\u00fc b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu olmas\u0131, esnekli\u011fi ve geni\u015f topluluk deste\u011fi sayesinde k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler i\u00e7in cazip bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 x32, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Nisan 2017’de genel deste\u011fi sona ermi\u015f bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. 32-bit mimarisi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bellek ve i\u015flemci g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip eski donan\u0131mlar veya VPS paketleri i\u00e7in tercih edilmi\u015f olabilir. Bu eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmde kurulum yaparken, g\u00fcncel depolarda baz\u0131 paketlerin bulunmamas\u0131 veya uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kurulum s\u00fcrecinde baz\u0131 ek ad\u0131mlar veya eski paket kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelme gerekebilir. Bu k\u0131lavuz, bu zorluklar\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 12.04 x32 VPS:<\/strong> \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda ve SSH eri\u015fimi olan bir VPS.
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Kurulum i\u00e7in y\u00f6netici haklar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> VPS’in internete eri\u015fimi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Temel Linux Bilgisi:<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda temel bilgiye sahip olmak faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n* Minimum Sistem Kaynaklar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n * RAM:<\/strong> En az 1 GB (2 GB veya \u00fczeri \u00f6nerilir).
\n * Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> En az 10 GB (20 GB veya \u00fczeri \u00f6nerilir).
\n * CPU:<\/strong> 1 \u00e7ekirdek (2 \u00e7ekirdek veya \u00fczeri \u00f6nerilir).<\/p>\n

Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Kurulum s\u00fcrecini daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirmek i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ay\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme ve Gerekli Paketleri Kurma<\/h4>\n

Herhangi bir kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sistemin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olmak \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r ve paket ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get upgrade\nsudo apt-get dist-upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, paket listelerini g\u00fcnceller ve mevcut t\u00fcm paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltir. Ard\u0131ndan, Koha’n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olabilecek temel ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential wget git curl nano<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   build-essential<\/code>: Derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (gcc, g++ vb.) i\u00e7erir.
\n*   wget<\/code>, curl<\/code>: Dosya indirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131.
\n*   git<\/code>: Versiyon kontrol sistemi, baz\u0131 kaynak kodlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.
\n*   nano<\/code>: Basit bir metin d\u00fczenleyici.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: MySQL Veritaban\u0131 Sunucusunu Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Koha, verilerini depolamak i\u00e7in bir veritaban\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. MySQL (veya MariaDB) en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan se\u00e7enektir. Ubuntu 12.04 depolar\u0131nda MySQL 5.5 bulunur.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda MySQL root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bir parola belirlemeniz istenecektir. Bu parolay\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
MySQL Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong>
\nKoha’n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in MySQL’in baz\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekebilir. my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyece\u011fiz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 [mysqld]<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131na ekleyin veya mevcut sat\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
[mysqld]\n
... di\u011fer ayarlar ...<\/h2>\ncharacter-set-server = utf8\ncollation-server = utf8_general_ci\nmax_allowed_packet = 128M\ninnodb_log_file_size = 512M\nskip-name-resolve<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   character-set-server = utf8<\/code>: Veritaban\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lan karakter setini UTF-8 olarak ayarlar. Koha i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n*   collation-server = utf8_general_ci<\/code>: Varsay\u0131lan harmanlama d\u00fczenini ayarlar.
\n*   max_allowed_packet = 128M<\/code>: MySQL’in i\u015fleyebilece\u011fi maksimum paket boyutunu art\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bibliyografik kay\u0131tlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.
\n*   innodb_log_file_size = 512M<\/code>: InnoDB motorunun g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosya boyutunu art\u0131r\u0131r. Performans i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*   skip-name-resolve<\/code>: MySQL’in istemci ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller, bu da ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra MySQL hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service mysql restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veritaban\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fini Sa\u011flama:<\/strong>
\nMySQL kurulumunuzu daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut size a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/strong> MySQL root parolan\u0131z\u0131 girin.
\n*   Change the root password? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Genellikle n<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7ebilirsiniz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda zaten bir parola belirlemi\u015ftiniz.
\n*   Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code>
\n*   Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code> (G\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle uzaktan root eri\u015fimini kapatmak \u00f6nerilir.)
\n*   Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code>
\n*   Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y<\/code><\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Apache Web Sunucusunu Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Koha bir web tabanl\u0131 uygulama oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir web sunucusuna ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Apache2, Ubuntu depolar\u0131nda standart olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache’nin baz\u0131 mod\u00fcllerini etkinle\u015ftirmemiz gerekecek:<\/p>\n
sudo a2enmod rewrite\nsudo a2enmod cgi\nsudo a2enmod headers<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu mod\u00fcller, Koha’n\u0131n URL yeniden yazma, CGI betikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetenekleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Mod\u00fclleri etkinle\u015ftirdikten sonra Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Perl ve Gerekli Perl Mod\u00fcllerini Kurma<\/h4>\n
Koha, Perl dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok Perl mod\u00fcl\u00fcne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Ubuntu 12.04, Perl 5.14 ile gelir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y perl libcgi-pm-perl libdbd-mysql-perl libxml-sax-perl libdatetime-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libmarc-xs-perl libxml-libxml-perl libyaml-syck-perl libemail-sender-perl libhtml-template-perl libtemplate-perl libjson-perl liblwp-useragent-determined-perl libapache2-mod-perl2 libapache2-request-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Koha i\u00e7in temel Perl mod\u00fcllerinin \u00e7o\u011funu kuracakt\u0131r. Ancak, Koha’n\u0131n daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in veya belirli \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in ek mod\u00fcller gerekebilir. Bu mod\u00fclleri genellikle cpanm<\/code> veya apt-get<\/code> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurabiliriz.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer cpanm<\/code> y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, onu kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y cpanminus<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, Koha’n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilece\u011fi di\u011fer kritik Perl mod\u00fcllerini kurmak i\u00e7in cpanm<\/code> kullanabiliriz. Bu ad\u0131m, Koha’n\u0131n hangi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir, ancak genel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki mod\u00fcllerin kurulu olmas\u0131 iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo cpanm install CGI::Session\nsudo cpanm install Date::Calc\nsudo cpanm install Email::Sender::Simple\nsudo cpanm install HTML::Template::Pro\nsudo cpanm install LWP::UserAgent::Determined\nsudo cpanm install MARC::Record\nsudo cpanm install MARC::Charset\nsudo cpanm install XML::LibXML\nsudo cpanm install XML::SAX\nsudo cpanm install YAML::Syck\nsudo cpanm install Net::Z3950::ZOOM\nsudo cpanm install Imager\nsudo cpanm install PDF::API2\nsudo cpanm install Text::CSV_XS\nsudo cpanm install Scalar::Util::Numeric\nsudo cpanm install IO::Socket::SSL\nsudo cpanm install Net::SMTP::SSL\nsudo cpanm install Crypt::SSLeay\nsudo cpanm install Moose\nsudo cpanm install JSON::XS\nsudo cpanm install Plack\nsudo cpanm install Starman\nsudo cpanm install Log::Log4perl\nsudo cpanm install Test::More\nsudo cpanm install URI::Encode\nsudo cpanm install HTML::Strip\nsudo cpanm install HTML::TreeBuilder\nsudo cpanm install XML::LibXSLT\nsudo cpanm install Text::BibTeX\nsudo cpanm install Spreadsheet::WriteExcel\nsudo cpanm install Spreadsheet::ParseExcel\nsudo cpanm install Unicode::Normalize\nsudo cpanm install Digest::SHA1\nsudo cpanm install Image::Info\nsudo cpanm install Image::Scale\nsudo cpanm install File::Slurp\nsudo cpanm install LWP::Protocol::https\nsudo cpanm install Net::IP\nsudo cpanm install Parallel::ForkManager\nsudo cpanm install XML::RSS<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu liste kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r, ancak Koha’n\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc veya kullan\u0131lan eklentiler daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir. Kurulum sonras\u0131 Koha web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde “Koha Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Denetleyicisi” sayfas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek her zaman iyi bir fikirdir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Koha Depolar\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme ve Koha’y\u0131 Kurma<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda Koha bulunmaz. Bu nedenle, Koha’n\u0131n kendi resmi deposunu eklememiz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle Koha’n\u0131n GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
wget -O- http:\/\/debian.koha-community.org\/koha\/gpg.asc | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, Koha deposunu sources.list<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekleyin. Ubuntu 12.04 i\u00e7in genellikle stable<\/code> veya oldstable<\/code> yerine daha eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm deposunu belirtmek gerekebilir. Ancak, Koha toplulu\u011fu genellikle eski Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in belirli depolar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre tutmaz. Bu k\u0131lavuz i\u00e7in, Koha 3.12-3.22 civar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle uyumlu olabilecek genel bir stable<\/code> depo kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. E\u011fer sorun ya\u015farsan\u0131z, daha eski bir Koha s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir depo araman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
echo 'deb http:\/\/debian.koha-community.org\/koha stable main' | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/koha.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Depoyu ekledikten sonra paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi Koha’y\u0131 kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y koha-common<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut koha-common<\/code> paketini ve t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kuracakt\u0131r. Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda size baz\u0131 sorular sorulabilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin Apache’yi otomatik olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rmak isteyip istemedi\u011finiz gibi. Genellikle varsay\u0131lan se\u00e7enekleri kabul edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: Koha \u00d6rne\u011fi Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
koha-common<\/code> paketi y\u00fcklendikten sonra, bir Koha \u00f6rne\u011fi olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Bir \u00f6rnek, Koha kurulumunuzun ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir kopyas\u0131d\u0131r ve kendi veritaban\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n
sudo koha-create --create-db koha_library<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   koha_library<\/code>: Olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Koha \u00f6rne\u011finin ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka bir isim verebilirsiniz.
\n*   --create-db<\/code>: MySQL’de otomatik olarak koha_library<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir veritaban\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu komut size MySQL root parolas\u0131n\u0131 sorabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu komut tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Koha \u00f6rne\u011finizin ad\u0131, MySQL veritaban\u0131 ad\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve parolas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli bilgileri i\u00e7eren bir \u00f6zet g\u00f6sterecektir. Bu bilgileri not al\u0131n. Ayr\u0131ca Apache i\u00e7in bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/koha_library.conf<\/code>) ve Zebrada dizinleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 da olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 7: Koha \u00d6rne\u011fini Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Apache Entegrasyonu<\/h4>\n
Olu\u015fturulan Koha \u00f6rne\u011fini Apache ile entegre etmemiz ve baz\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Apache Sanal Hostunu Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong>
\nOlu\u015fturulan Koha \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in bir Apache sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bunu etkinle\u015ftirelim:<\/p>\n
sudo a2dissite 000-default # Varsay\u0131lan Apache sitesini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n\nsudo a2enmod perl # Perl mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc tekrar etkinle\u015ftirin, bazen koha-create sonras\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalabilir.\nsudo a2ensite koha_library # Koha \u00f6rne\u011finizin ad\u0131yla etkinle\u015ftirin\nsudo service apache2 restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
Koha \u00c7evre De\u011fi\u015fkenlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\nKoha’n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in KOHA_CONF<\/code> gibi baz\u0131 \u00e7evre de\u011fi\u015fkenlerinin ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Bu genellikle koha-common<\/code> kurulumu ve koha-create<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r, ancak kontrol etmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n
echo $KOHA_CONF<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut \/etc\/koha\/sites\/koha_library<\/code> gibi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 vermelidir. E\u011fer bo\u015fsa, ~\/.bashrc<\/code> veya \/etc\/profile<\/code> dosyas\u0131na eklemeniz gerekebilir. Ancak genellikle bu otomatik olarak ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\nKoha \u00f6rne\u011finizin veritaban\u0131na ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 verilerini y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir. Bu i\u015flem, Koha’n\u0131n web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ilk kez a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda otomatik olarak da yap\u0131labilir, ancak komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan yapmak daha kontroll\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo koha-mysql koha_library < \/usr\/share\/koha\/intranet\/mysql\/tables.sql\nsudo koha-mysql koha_library < \/usr\/share\/koha\/intranet\/mysql\/data.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, Koha'n\u0131n temel tablo yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 verilerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, varsay\u0131lan y\u00f6netici hesab\u0131) koha_library<\/code> veritaban\u0131na y\u00fckler.
\nVarsay\u0131lan y\u00f6netici kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131: koha_admin<\/code>
\nVarsay\u0131lan y\u00f6netici parolas\u0131: koha_admin<\/code><\/p>\n
Zebra Arama Motorunu Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\nKoha, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arama yetenekleri i\u00e7in Zebra (Z39.50 sunucusu) kullan\u0131r. Zebra'y\u0131 kurup yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install -y koha-zebra<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, Koha \u00f6rne\u011finiz i\u00e7in Zebra indekslerini olu\u015fturun ve Zebra sunucusunu ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo koha-rebuild-zebra -v -f koha_library<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut biraz zaman alabilir. Tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Zebra daemon'unun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo service koha-zebra-daemon start koha_library<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya sisteminizde koha-zebra-daemon<\/code> servisi yoksa:<\/p>\n
sudo \/usr\/share\/koha\/bin\/koha-zebra-ctl.sh -u koha_library start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Zebra'n\u0131n otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in cron'a eklenmesi de gerekebilir, ancak genellikle koha-zebra<\/code> paketi bunu otomatik olarak yapar.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 8: Cron \u0130\u015flerini Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Koha, \u00e7e\u015fitli arka plan g\u00f6revleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, gecikmi\u015f iade bildirimleri g\u00f6nderme, istatistikleri g\u00fcncelleme, indeksleri yeniden olu\u015fturma) i\u00e7in cron i\u015flerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. koha-common<\/code> paketi genellikle \/etc\/cron.d\/koha-common<\/code> alt\u0131nda temel cron i\u015flerini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131r. Ek olarak, her Koha \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel cron i\u015fleri de olabilir.<\/p>\n
Koha \u00f6rne\u011finiz i\u00e7in otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulan cron dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/cron.d\/koha-common<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosya, Koha'n\u0131n genel bak\u0131m g\u00f6revlerini i\u00e7erir. Belirli Koha mod\u00fclleri veya eklentileri i\u00e7in ek cron i\u015fleri eklemeniz gerekebilir. Bunlar genellikle Koha'n\u0131n web aray\u00fcz\u00fcndeki belgelerde belirtilir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 9: Koha Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n
T\u00fcm kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Koha'n\u0131n web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015febilirsiniz. Koha'n\u0131n intranet (y\u00f6netim) ve OPAC (halk eri\u015fimi) aray\u00fczleri farkl\u0131 portlarda veya alt alan adlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Koha \u00f6rne\u011finizin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131na bir port atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu portu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/koha_library.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde Listen<\/code> ve VirtualHost<\/code> direktiflerini aray\u0131n. Genellikle intranet i\u00e7in 8080 veya 8081, OPAC i\u00e7in 80 veya 8000 gibi portlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, e\u011fer intranet i\u00e7in port 8080 olarak ayarlanm\u0131\u015fsa, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adrese gidin:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/VPS_IP_ADRES\u0130N\u0130Z:8080\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya OPAC i\u00e7in port 8000 ise:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/VPS_IP_ADRES\u0130N\u0130Z:8000\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Koha intranet giri\u015f ekran\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Varsay\u0131lan y\u00f6netici bilgileriyle giri\u015f yap\u0131n:<\/p>\n
*   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131:<\/strong> koha_admin<\/code>
\n*   Parola:<\/strong> koha_admin<\/code><\/p>\n
Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, ilk yapman\u0131z gereken \u015fey y\u00f6netici parolas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanenizin temel ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 (k\u00fct\u00fcphane ad\u0131, ileti\u015fim bilgileri, dil vb.) yap\u0131land\u0131rmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Post-Kurulum Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\nKoha'n\u0131n web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, \"Koha Y\u00f6neticisi\" b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ayarlar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n
1.  Temel Sistem Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> K\u00fct\u00fcphane ad\u0131, ileti\u015fim bilgileri, saat dilimi, dil.
\n2.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve Kural Setleri:<\/strong> \u00dcye t\u00fcrleri, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verme kurallar\u0131, gecikme cezalar\u0131.
\n3.  Katalo\u011flama \u015eablonlar\u0131:<\/strong> MARC \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri ve \u00f6\u011fe t\u00fcrleri.
\n4.  OPAC Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> Halk eri\u015fim katalo\u011funun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ve i\u015flevselli\u011fi.
\n5.  E-posta ve Bildirim Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> Gecikmi\u015f iade bildirimleri, \u00fcye kay\u0131t onaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in e-posta sunucusu ayarlar\u0131.
\n6.  Sistem Tercihleri:<\/strong> Koha'n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen binlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ayar.<\/p>\n
Bu ayarlar, k\u00fct\u00fcphanenizin \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme ve \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 12.04 gibi eski bir sistemde Koha kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   Paket Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> apt-get<\/code> komutlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k hatalar\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, apt-get -f install<\/code> komutunu deneyin veya eksik paketleri manuel olarak aramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.
\n*   Koha Deposu Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> apt-get update<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda depo anahtar\u0131 veya depo URL'si ile ilgili hatalar al\u0131rsan\u0131z, Koha toplulu\u011funun g\u00fcncel depo bilgilerini kontrol edin. Eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmler i\u00e7in depolar zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilir veya kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.
\n*   MySQL Ba\u011flant\u0131 Hatalar\u0131:<\/strong> my.cnf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki ayarlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle character-set-server<\/code> ve bind-address<\/code> (e\u011fer varsa) ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. MySQL hizmetinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n*   Apache Hatalar\u0131:<\/strong> sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code> komutuyla Apache hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kontrol edin. mod_perl<\/code> veya sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla ilgili sorunlar olabilir.
\n*   Perl Mod\u00fcl\u00fc Eksiklikleri:<\/strong> Koha web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra \"Ara\u00e7lar > Koha Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Denetleyicisi\" (Tools > Koha Dependency Checker) sayfas\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret edin. Eksik Perl mod\u00fcllerini listeleyecektir. Bu mod\u00fclleri cpanm<\/code> ile kurun.
\n*   Zebra Arama Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> Zebra hizmetinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve indekslerin do\u011fru \u015fekilde olu\u015fturuldu\u011fundan emin olun. sudo koha-rebuild-zebra -v -f koha_library<\/code> komutunu tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 deneyin.
\n*   Performans Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> Ubuntu 12.04 x32 ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 VPS kaynaklar\u0131 ile performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. MySQL ve Apache i\u00e7in bellek ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Hususlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Bir \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda Koha'y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Varsay\u0131lan Parolalar\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/strong> \u0130lk giri\u015fte koha_admin<\/code> parolas\u0131n\u0131 hemen de\u011fi\u015ftirin. MySQL root parolas\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   SSL\/TLS Kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> Koha web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne HTTPS \u00fczerinden eri\u015fimi etkinle\u015ftirin. Let's Encrypt gibi \u00fccretsiz sertifika sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Apache SSL mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc etkinle\u015ftirmeniz ve bir sertifika yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.
\n*   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (Firewall):<\/strong> Sadece gerekli portlara (HTTP\/HTTPS, SSH) d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015fime izin vermek i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (\u00f6rn. ufw<\/code> veya iptables<\/code>) yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n.
\n*   Sistem G\u00fcncellemeleri:<\/strong> Ubuntu 12.04'\u00fcn deste\u011fi sona erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri almayacakt\u0131r. Bu, bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bir \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda kullanman\u0131n ciddi bir risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, daha g\u00fcncel bir Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne (\u00f6rn. 18.04, 20.04 veya 22.04 LTS) ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmay\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye ederiz. E\u011fer ge\u00e7i\u015f m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, sunucuyu harici tehditlerden korumak i\u00e7in ek g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir proxy arkas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, Intrusion Detection\/Prevention System) alman\u0131z gerekebilir.
\n*   Yedekleme:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 ve Koha yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczenli yedeklerini al\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131lavuz, Ubuntu 12.04 x32 VPS \u00fczerine Koha k\u00fct\u00fcphane yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi zorluklara ra\u011fmen, do\u011fru ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek Koha'y\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r duruma getirebilirsiniz. Ancak, g\u00fcvenlik ve performans nedenleriyle, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede daha modern ve desteklenen bir Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f yapman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n
Koha'n\u0131n kurulumu karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, ancak bir kez kurulduktan sonra, k\u00fct\u00fcphanenizin operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 dijitalle\u015ftirmek ve otomatikle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir platform sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Kurulum sonras\u0131 Koha'n\u0131n zengin \u00f6zellik setini ke\u015ffetmek ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanenizin \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in zaman ay\u0131r\u0131n. Herhangi bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Koha toplulu\u011fu forumlar\u0131 ve belgeleri de\u011ferli kaynaklar olacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 x32 VPS \u00dczerine Koha K\u00fct\u00fcphane Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Kurulumu\nBu makale, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve entegre bir otomasyon sistemi","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34401","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 12.04 x32 VPS \u00dczerine Koha K\u00fct\u00fcphane Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Kurulumu - 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