{"id":34208,"date":"2025-11-13T00:40:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T21:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=34208"},"modified":"2025-11-13T00:40:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T21:40:51","slug":"ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-neo4j-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-neo4j-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Neo4j Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Neo4j Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Neo4j, grafik veritaban\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden biridir. \u0130li\u015fkisel veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri y\u00f6netmekte zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 senaryolarda, Neo4j gibi bir grafik veritaban\u0131, veriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri birinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f olarak ele alarak \u00fcst\u00fcn performans ve esneklik sunar. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine Neo4j’nin nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n nas\u0131l at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyece\u011fiz. Hem APT paket y\u00f6neticisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla resmi depodan kurulumu hem de manuel kurulum y\u00f6ntemlerini ele alarak, ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131za en uygun se\u00e7ene\u011fi belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: Neo4j ve Grafik Veritabanlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Geleneksel ili\u015fkisel veritabanlar\u0131, tablolar ve sat\u0131rlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla verileri depolarken, ili\u015fkileri genellikle JOIN i\u015flemleriyle y\u00f6netir. Veri hacmi ve ili\u015fki karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, bu JOIN i\u015flemleri performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Grafik veritabanlar\u0131 ise verileri “d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler” (nodes) ve bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki “ili\u015fkiler” (relationships) \u015feklinde modeller. Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ve ili\u015fki, \u00f6zelliklere (properties) sahip olabilir. Bu yap\u0131, \u00f6zellikle sosyal a\u011flar, \u00f6neri sistemleri, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k tespiti, a\u011f ve BT operasyonlar\u0131 gibi alanlarda, veriler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n ve desenlerin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ke\u015ffedilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Neo4j, ACID uyumlulu\u011fu, y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 Cypher sorgu dili ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ekosistem ile bu alanda lider bir konumdad\u0131r. Cypher, SQL’e benzer ancak grafik odakl\u0131 bir sorgu dilidir ve veriler aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k yollar\u0131 ve desenleri kolayca ifade etmenize olanak tan\u0131r. Ubuntu 22.04 ise sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edilen, kararl\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli destek sunan bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kombinasyon, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir grafik veritaban\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvenilir bir altyap\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ideal bir temel olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Neo4j kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin belirli gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 22.04 LTS:<\/strong> Temiz bir kurulum veya mevcut bir sistem. Bu k\u0131lavuz, masa\u00fcst\u00fc veya sunucu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.
\n* Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sudo<\/code> yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Paketleri indirmek ve g\u00fcncellemeleri almak i\u00e7in aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.
\n* Java Development Kit (JDK):<\/strong> Neo4j, bir Java uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir Java Runtime Environment (JRE) veya daha iyisi bir Java Development Kit (JDK) gerektirir. Neo4j’nin g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri genellikle OpenJDK 17 veya daha yenisini tercih eder.<\/p>\n

Java Kurulumu<\/h4>\n

Sisteminizde Java y\u00fckl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

java -version<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer Java y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse veya Neo4j’nin gerektirdi\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcmden farkl\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcmse, OpenJDK 17’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update\nsudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tekrar kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
java -version<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “openjdk version “17.0.x”” gibi bir ifade g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Birden fazla Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fckl\u00fcyse, varsay\u0131lan s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc ayarlamak i\u00e7in sudo update-alternatives --config java<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Neo4j Kurulum Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n
Neo4j’yi Ubuntu 22.04 \u00fczerine kurmak i\u00e7in iki ana y\u00f6ntem bulunmaktad\u0131r: APT paketi y\u00f6neticisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla resmi depodan kurulum (\u00f6nerilen) ve manuel olarak tarball dosyas\u0131ndan kurulum.<\/p>\n
1. APT Deposu Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kurulum (\u00d6nerilen Y\u00f6ntem)<\/h4>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, Neo4j’yi sisteminizle entegre etmenin ve g\u00fcncellemeleri kolayca y\u00f6netmenin en basit ve \u00f6nerilen yoludur.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Neo4j GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 Ekleyin<\/h5>\n
Neo4j paketlerinin orijinalli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize eklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
wget -O - https:\/\/debian.neo4j.com\/neotechnology.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
apt-key add<\/code> komutu Ubuntu 22.04’te kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bir uyar\u0131 verebilir. Daha modern ve \u00f6nerilen y\u00f6ntem, anahtar\u0131 \/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg.d\/<\/code> dizinine do\u011frudan eklemektir:<\/p>\n
wget -O - https:\/\/debian.neo4j.com\/neotechnology.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg.d\/neo4j.gpg > \/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Neo4j APT Deposunu Ekleyin<\/h5>\n
\u015eimdi Neo4j deposunu sisteminizin kaynak listesine ekleyin:<\/p>\n
echo 'deb https:\/\/debian.neo4j.com stable 4.4' | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/neo4j.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Not:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki komut Neo4j 4.4 serisi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. E\u011fer daha yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm (\u00f6rne\u011fin 5.x) kuruyorsan\u0131z, stable 4.4<\/code> yerine stable 5<\/code> veya g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir. Neo4j’nin resmi web sitesindeki kurulum belgelerini kontrol ederek en g\u00fcncel depo bilgisini edinin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Neo4j 5.x i\u00e7in genellikle stable 5<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
echo 'deb https:\/\/debian.neo4j.com stable 5' | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/neo4j.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleyin<\/h5>\n
Yeni depoyu tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in paket listenizi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Neo4j’yi Kurun<\/h5>\n
\u015eimdi Neo4j paketini kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install neo4j -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Neo4j’nin t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kuracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Neo4j Servisini Ba\u015flat\u0131n ve Etkinle\u015ftirin<\/h5>\n
Kurulumdan sonra Neo4j servisi otomatik olarak ba\u015flamayabilir. Servisi ba\u015flatmak ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start neo4j\nsudo systemctl enable neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: Kurulumu Do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/h5>\n
Neo4j servisinin durumunu kontrol ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “active (running)” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
2. Manuel Kurulum (Tarball Dosyas\u0131ndan)<\/h4>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, Neo4j’nin belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak veya sisteminiz \u00fczerinde daha fazla kontrol sahibi olmak istedi\u011finizde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, g\u00fcncellemeleri ve servis y\u00f6netimini manuel olarak yapman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Neo4j Tarball Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ndirin<\/h5>\n
Neo4j’nin resmi indirme sayfas\u0131ndan (neo4j.com\/download-center\/) istedi\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn tarball dosyas\u0131n\u0131 indirin. Genellikle “Neo4j Community Edition” veya “Neo4j Enterprise Edition” alt\u0131nda “Linux (tar.gz)” se\u00e7ene\u011fini aray\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin, wget<\/code> kullanarak indirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
wget https:\/\/neo4j.com\/artifact.php?name=neo4j-community-5.14.0-unix.tar.gz -O neo4j-community-5.14.0-unix.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n
Not:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki URL ve s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir. En g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u00e7in Neo4j’nin indirme sayfas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Ar\u015fivi \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131n ve Konumland\u0131r\u0131n<\/h5>\n
\u0130ndirdi\u011finiz tarball dosyas\u0131n\u0131 genellikle \/opt<\/code> dizinine \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n
sudo tar -xzf neo4j-community-5.14.0-unix.tar.gz -C \/opt\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, kolay eri\u015fim i\u00e7in bir sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo mv \/opt\/neo4j-community-5.14.0 \/opt\/neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Ortam De\u011fi\u015fkenlerini Ayarlay\u0131n (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilen)<\/h5>\n
NEO4J_HOME<\/code> ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenini ayarlamak, Neo4j komutlar\u0131na daha kolay eri\u015fim sa\u011flar. Bu ayar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in \/etc\/profile.d\/neo4j.sh<\/code> gibi bir dosya olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
echo 'export NEO4J_HOME=\"\/opt\/neo4j\"' | sudo tee \/etc\/profile.d\/neo4j.sh\necho 'export PATH=\"$PATH:$NEO4J_HOME\/bin\"' | sudo tee -a \/etc\/profile.d\/neo4j.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ge\u00e7erli oturumunuza uygulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
source \/etc\/profile.d\/neo4j.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Neo4j’yi Ba\u015flat\u0131n<\/h5>\n
Neo4j’yi ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in neo4j<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
neo4j start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya daha detayl\u0131 kontrol i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
\/opt\/neo4j\/bin\/neo4j start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Kurulumu Do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/h5>\n
Neo4j’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
neo4j status<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya:<\/p>\n
\/opt\/neo4j\/bin\/neo4j status<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “Neo4j is running” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Not:<\/strong> Manuel kurulumda, Neo4j’nin sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in manuel olarak bir systemd servisi olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu, daha ileri d\u00fczey bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r ve bu makalenin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fabilir. APT y\u00f6ntemi, bu t\u00fcr servis y\u00f6netimini otomatik olarak halleder.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Neo4j’nin temel yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 neo4j.conf<\/code>‘tur. Bu dosya, Neo4j’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklini, bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>\n
*   APT Kurulumu \u0130\u00e7in Konum:<\/strong> \/etc\/neo4j\/neo4j.conf<\/code>
\n*   Manuel Kurulum \u0130\u00e7in Konum:<\/strong> \/conf\/neo4j.conf<\/code> (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/opt\/neo4j\/conf\/neo4j.conf<\/code>)<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in bir metin d\u00fczenleyici kullan\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin nano<\/code> veya vim<\/code>):<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/neo4j\/neo4j.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6nemli Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Parametreleri<\/h4>\n
1.  A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Neo4j varsay\u0131lan olarak yaln\u0131zca localhost’tan eri\u015filebilir. Harici ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin vermek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulup yorum i\u015faretini (#<\/code>) kald\u0131r\u0131n ve 0.0.0.0<\/code> olarak ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
# HTTP Connector (Neo4j Browser i\u00e7in)\n    dbms.connector.http.listen_address=0.0.0.0:7474\n\n    # Bolt Connector (S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ve uygulamalar i\u00e7in)\n    dbms.connector.bolt.listen_address=0.0.0.0:7687\n\n    # HTTPS Connector (G\u00fcvenli HTTP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, genellikle bir ters proxy ile kullan\u0131l\u0131r)\n    # dbms.connector.https.listen_address=0.0.0.0:7473<\/code><\/pre>\n
    0.0.0.0<\/code> olarak ayarlamak, Neo4j’nin t\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dinlemesini sa\u011flar. Belirli bir IP adresinden dinlemesini istiyorsan\u0131z, 0.0.0.0<\/code> yerine o IP adresini yazabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
2.  Bellek Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    Neo4j’nin performans\u0131 i\u00e7in bellek ayarlar\u0131 kritiktir. Sunucunuzun RAM miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu de\u011ferleri ayarlaman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferler genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
# Heap belle\u011fi: Java Virtual Machine (JVM) taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan bellek.\n    # Genellikle toplam RAM'in %50 ila %75'i olarak ayarlan\u0131r.\n    dbms.memory.heap.initial_size=512m\n    dbms.memory.heap.max_size=2G\n\n    # Sayfa \u00d6nbelle\u011fi (Page Cache): Veritaban\u0131 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fe almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n    # Bu, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n    dbms.memory.pagecache.size=2G<\/code><\/pre>\n
    initial_size<\/code> ve max_size<\/code> de\u011ferlerini sunucunuzdaki toplam RAM miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 8GB RAM’e sahip bir sunucuda heap.max_size<\/code> 4GB, pagecache.size<\/code> 3GB veya 4GB olarak ayarlanabilir. Unutmay\u0131n ki i\u015fletim sistemi ve di\u011fer servisler i\u00e7in de RAM’e ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3.  G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong>
\n    Neo4j varsay\u0131lan olarak kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir (dbms.security.auth_enabled=true<\/code>). Bu, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kesinlikle \u00f6nerilir. Geli\u015ftirme ortamlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak isterseniz (false<\/code> yaparak), bunu yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvenli, izole ortamlarda yapmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
# Kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 etkinle\u015ftir\/devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\n    dbms.security.auth_enabled=true<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0130lk Giri\u015f:<\/strong> \u0130lk kez Neo4j Browser’a ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, varsay\u0131lan kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 neo4j<\/code> ve \u015fifre de neo4j<\/code> olacakt\u0131r. Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra \u015fifrenizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz istenecektir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4.  Veritaban\u0131 Dizinleri:<\/strong>
\n    Veritaban\u0131 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n, loglar\u0131n ve di\u011fer verilerin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizinleri de yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda bulabilirsiniz. Genellikle varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferler yeterlidir, ancak \u00f6zel bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131mak isterseniz buradan de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
# Veri dizini\n    dbms.directories.data=\/var\/lib\/neo4j\/data\n\n    # Log dizini\n    dbms.directories.logs=\/var\/log\/neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra, Neo4j servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (UFW)<\/h3>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) etkinse, Neo4j’ye d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015fime izin vermek i\u00e7in ilgili portlar\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
*   7474\/tcp:<\/strong> Neo4j Browser (HTTP) i\u00e7in
\n*   7687\/tcp:<\/strong> Bolt protokol\u00fc (Neo4j s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri) i\u00e7in<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanarak bu portlara izin verin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 7474\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 7687\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
UFW’nin durumunu kontrol ederek kurallar\u0131n eklendi\u011finden emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
Neo4j’ye Eri\u015fim ve \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcm kurulum ve temel yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, Neo4j veritaban\u0131n\u0131za eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Neo4j Browser ile Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n
Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Neo4j Browser’a eri\u015fin:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/:7474<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/localhost:7474<\/code> veya http:\/\/192.168.1.100:7474<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Giri\u015f ekran\u0131nda, varsay\u0131lan kimlik bilgileriyle oturum a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
*   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131:<\/strong> neo4j<\/code>
\n*   \u015eifre:<\/strong> neo4j<\/code><\/p>\n
\u0130lk giri\u015finizde, Neo4j sizden yeni bir \u015fifre belirlemenizi isteyecektir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fifre belirledi\u011finizden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Temel Cypher Sorgular\u0131<\/h4>\n
\u015eifrenizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdikten ve Neo4j Browser aray\u00fcz\u00fcne girdikten sonra, ilk Cypher sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Basit Bir D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, “Greeting” etiketine sahip ve “message” \u00f6zelli\u011fi “Hello, Neo4j!” olan bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
CREATE (n:Greeting {message: 'Hello, Neo4j!'}) RETURN n;<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Olu\u015fturulan D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc Getirme:<\/strong>
\n    T\u00fcm “Greeting” etiketli d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri getirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
MATCH (n:Greeting) RETURN n;<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.  Daha Karma\u015f\u0131k Bir \u00d6rnek: \u0130li\u015fkili D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong>
\n    \u0130ki ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ve aralar\u0131ndaki “WORKS_WITH” ili\u015fkisini olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
CREATE (john:Person {name: 'John Doe', title: 'Software Engineer'})\n    CREATE (jane:Person {name: 'Jane Smith', title: 'Project Manager'})\n    CREATE (john)-[:WORKS_WITH]->(jane)\n    RETURN john, jane;<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.  \u0130li\u015fkili D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri Sorgulama:<\/strong>
\n    John ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fileri bulmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
MATCH (john:Person {name: 'John Doe'})-[:WORKS_WITH]->(colleague)\n    RETURN colleague.name AS ColleagueName;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu basit \u00f6rnekler, Cypher’\u0131n ne kadar sezgisel ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h3>\n
\u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda Neo4j kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, daha ileri d\u00fczey yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Bellek Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n Optimizasyonu<\/h4>\n
neo4j.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki bellek ayarlar\u0131, Neo4j’nin performans\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n*   dbms.memory.heap.initial_size<\/code> ve dbms.memory.heap.max_size<\/code>:<\/strong> JVM’in kullanabilece\u011fi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve maksimum heap belle\u011fi. Genellikle sunucunun toplam RAM’inin %50’si ile %75’i aras\u0131nda bir de\u011fer ayarlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 16GB RAM’li bir sunucuda 8G veya 12G olarak ayarlanabilir.
\n*   dbms.memory.pagecache.size<\/code>:<\/strong> Neo4j’nin veritaban\u0131 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 diskten okumak yerine RAM’de \u00f6nbelle\u011fe almas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan bellek. Bu, sorgu h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler. Heap belle\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan RAM’in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 16GB RAM’li bir sunucuda 4-6GB heap, 8-10GB pagecache) page cache’e ay\u0131rmak iyi bir stratejidir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferleri sunucunuzun i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcne ve RAM miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re dikkatlice ayarlay\u0131n. Yanl\u0131\u015f ayarlar performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne veya karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik<\/h4>\n
1.  Varsay\u0131lan \u015eifreyi De\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/strong> \u0130lk kurulumdan sonra neo4j<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lan \u015fifresini hemen de\u011fi\u015ftirin.
\n2.  Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve rolleri i\u00e7in yetkilendirme (dbms.security.auth_enabled=true<\/code> olmal\u0131) kullan\u0131n. Neo4j Enterprise s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, rol tabanl\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc (RBAC) sunar.
\n3.  A\u011f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi:<\/strong> Neo4j’ye eri\u015fimi yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvenilir IP adresleriyle veya bir VPN arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (UFW) do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n.
\n4.  HTTPS Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Neo4j Browser ve di\u011fer uygulamalarla g\u00fcvenli ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in HTTPS kullan\u0131n. Bunu do\u011frudan Neo4j’nin HTTPS konekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131land\u0131rarak (dbms.connector.https.listen_address<\/code>) veya bir ters proxy (Nginx, Apache) kullanarak yapabilirsiniz. Ters proxy kullan\u0131m\u0131 genellikle daha esnek ve \u00f6nerilen bir y\u00f6ntemdir.
\n5.  Veri \u015eifreleme:<\/strong> Hassas verileri diskte \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in i\u015fletim sistemi d\u00fczeyinde \u015fifreleme veya Neo4j Enterprise s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sundu\u011fu yerel \u015fifreleme \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p>\n
Yedekleme ve Geri Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n
Veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli yedeklemeler kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
*   \u00c7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 Yedekleme (neo4j-admin dump<\/code>):<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 durdurarak tutarl\u0131 bir yedek olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop neo4j\n    neo4j-admin dump --database=neo4j --to=\/path\/to\/backup\/directory\n    sudo systemctl start neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Yedekleme (Neo4j Enterprise):<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yedekleme yapman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.
\n*   Geri Y\u00fckleme (neo4j-admin load<\/code>):<\/strong> Bir yedekten veritaban\u0131n\u0131 geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130zleme ve G\u00fcnl\u00fck Kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Neo4j’nin performans\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
*   G\u00fcnl\u00fck Dosyalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   \/var\/log\/neo4j\/debug.log<\/code>: Genel hata ve bilgi mesajlar\u0131.
\n    *   \/var\/log\/neo4j\/query.log<\/code>: \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Cypher sorgular\u0131 (e\u011fer etkinle\u015ftirildiyse).
\n    *   \/var\/log\/neo4j\/neo4j.log<\/code>: Servis ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\/durdurma bilgileri.
\n    Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edin.
\n*   JMX Metrikleri:<\/strong> Neo4j, JMX (Java Management Extensions) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla metrikler sunar. Bu metrikler, Prometheus gibi izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla entegre edilebilir.
\n*   Neo4j Desktop:<\/strong> Yerel geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in harika bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r, ancak sunucu izleme i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok Prometheus\/Grafana gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcmelenme (Clustering)<\/h4>\n
Y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik (High Availability) ve yatay \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik i\u00e7in Neo4j Enterprise s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, Causal Clustering \u00f6zelli\u011fini sunar. Bu, birden fazla Neo4j \u00f6rne\u011finin tek bir veritaban\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korurken hata tolerans\u0131 ve daha y\u00fcksek okuma performans\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir kurulum ve y\u00f6netim gerektirir.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Neo4j kurulumu veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   Neo4j Servisi Ba\u015flam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri Kontrol Edin:<\/strong> En \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m, \/var\/log\/neo4j\/debug.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmektir. Hata mesajlar\u0131 genellikle sorunun k\u00f6k nedenini a\u00e7\u0131klar.
\n    *   Java S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Neo4j’nin gerektirdi\u011fi Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan ve varsay\u0131lan olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. java -version<\/code> komutunu kontrol edin.
\n    *   Bellek Yetersizli\u011fi:<\/strong> neo4j.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki dbms.memory.heap.max_size<\/code> veya dbms.memory.pagecache.size<\/code> de\u011ferleri sunucunuzun RAM’inden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckse, servis ba\u015flamayabilir. Bu de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi deneyin.
\n    *   Port \u00c7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Neo4j’nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 7474 (HTTP) veya 7687 (Bolt) portlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir uygulama taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 7474<\/code> gibi komutlarla kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
*   Neo4j Browser’a Eri\u015filemiyor:<\/strong>
\n    *   Servis \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?:<\/strong> sudo systemctl status neo4j<\/code> komutuyla servisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> UFW veya ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n 7474 portunu engellemedi\u011finden emin olun. sudo ufw status<\/code> komutunu kontrol edin.
\n    *   neo4j.conf<\/code> Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> dbms.connector.http.listen_address<\/code> de\u011ferinin do\u011fru \u015fekilde 0.0.0.0:7474<\/code> veya sunucunuzun IP adresi olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n    *   Yanl\u0131\u015f IP\/Alan Ad\u0131:<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n
*   \u0130lk Giri\u015f \u015eifresi Hatas\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Varsay\u0131lan kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 neo4j<\/code> ve \u015fifre neo4j<\/code>‘dir. E\u011fer \u015fifreyi de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz ve unuttuysan\u0131z, Neo4j’nin \u015fifre s\u0131f\u0131rlama mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu, genellikle neo4j-admin set-initial-password<\/code> komutuyla yap\u0131l\u0131r (servis durdurulmu\u015fken).<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop neo4j\n    neo4j-admin set-initial-password  --database=neo4j\n    sudo systemctl start neo4j<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Disk Alan\u0131 Dolu:<\/strong>
\n    *   Veritaban\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e disk alan\u0131 t\u00fckenebilir. D\u00fczenli yedeklemeler yap\u0131n ve eski g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyin. Veritaban\u0131 dizinlerinin boyutunu kontrol edin (du -sh \/var\/lib\/neo4j\/data<\/code>).<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131lavuzda, Ubuntu 22.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine Neo4j grafik veritaban\u0131n\u0131n kurulumunu ve temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele ald\u0131k. Hem APT deposu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6nerilen kurulum y\u00f6ntemini hem de manuel tarball kurulumunu inceledik. Ayr\u0131ca, Neo4j’nin bellek, a\u011f ve g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131 gibi kritik yap\u0131land\u0131rma parametrelerini, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve Neo4j Browser arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilk eri\u015fim ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131rd\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Neo4j, veriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri anlamak ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Kurulum ve temel yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, verilerinizi grafik yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde modellemeye ve Cypher sorgu dilinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak ke\u015ffetmeye ba\u015flayabilirsiniz. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131rken, bellek optimizasyonu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri, d\u00fczenli yedeklemeler ve etkili izleme gibi en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kararl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve performansl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Neo4j’nin zengin dok\u00fcmantasyonunu ve topluluk kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeye devam ederek grafik veritabanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki yolculu\u011funuzu zenginle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Neo4j Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\nNeo4j, grafik veritaban\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden biridir. \u0130li\u015fkisel verit","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34208","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Neo4j Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 - 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