{"id":33658,"date":"2025-11-05T15:40:45","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T12:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=33658"},"modified":"2025-11-05T15:40:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T12:40:45","slug":"ubuntu-18-04-uzerine-node-js-kurulumu-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-18-04-uzerine-node-js-kurulumu-adim-adim-kapsamli-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Node.js Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Node.js Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber<\/h2>\n<h3>Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n<p>Node.js, modern web geli\u015ftirme d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. JavaScript&#8217;i sunucu taraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yetene\u011fi sayesinde, geli\u015ftiricilere u\u00e7tan uca JavaScript tabanl\u0131 uygulamalar olu\u015fturma imkan\u0131 sunar. Bu durum, \u00f6n u\u00e7 ve arka u\u00e7 geli\u015ftirme aras\u0131nda dil birli\u011fi sa\u011flayarak geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve basitle\u015ftirir. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Uzun S\u00fcreli Destek) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015f topluluk deste\u011fi nedeniyle sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda hala yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu makale, Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerine Node.js&#8217;yi farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r. Her bir y\u00f6ntemin avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 ile birlikte, kurulum sonras\u0131 do\u011frulama ve temel kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da sunulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Node.js Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n<p>Node.js, Google Chrome&#8217;un V8 JavaScript motoru \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, \u00e7apraz platform bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Sunucu taraf\u0131nda a\u011f uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geleneksel sunucu dillerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, Node.js olay g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc, senkronize olmayan (non-blocking) G\/\u00c7 modelini kullan\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellik, Node.js&#8217;nin ayn\u0131 anda binlerce ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmesini sa\u011flar ve bu da onu ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulamalar, sohbet uygulamalar\u0131, API&#8217;ler ve mikro hizmetler i\u00e7in ideal bir se\u00e7im haline getirir.<\/p>\n<p>Node.js&#8217;nin temel \u00f6zellikleri ve avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n*   <strong>Tek Dil (JavaScript):<\/strong> Hem \u00f6n u\u00e7 (taray\u0131c\u0131) hem de arka u\u00e7 (sunucu) geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in JavaScript kullan\u0131labilir. Bu, geli\u015ftiricilerin tek bir dil \u00fczerinde uzmanla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kod payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Y\u00fcksek Performans:<\/strong> V8 motoru sayesinde JavaScript kodunu makine koduna derleyerek \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Olay g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ve senkronize olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131, G\/\u00c7 i\u015flemlerinin beklemesini engeller, bu da uygulamalar\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t vermesini sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Geni\u015f Ekosistem (NPM):<\/strong> Node.js ile birlikte gelen NPM (Node Package Manager), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yaz\u0131l\u0131m k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden birine eri\u015fim sa\u011flar. Binlerce a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 paket, geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve karma\u015f\u0131k i\u015flevleri kolayca entegre etmeye olanak tan\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <strong>\u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik:<\/strong> Node.js uygulamalar\u0131, olay d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc mimarisi sayesinde y\u00fcksek trafikli senaryolarda bile kolayca \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir.<br \/>\n*   <strong>\u00c7apraz Platform:<\/strong> Linux, Windows ve macOS gibi farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6zellikler, Node.js&#8217;yi modern web geli\u015ftiricileri i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 haline getirir.<\/p>\n<h3>Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerinde Node.js Kurulum Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n<p>Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerinde Node.js kurmak i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntem bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her bir y\u00f6ntemin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc avantajlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m senaryolar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu rehberde, en yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6nerilen \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntemi detayl\u0131ca inceleyece\u011fiz:<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>APT Paket Y\u00f6neticisi ile Kurulum:<\/strong> Ubuntu&#8217;nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131ndan Node.js ve NPM&#8217;i kurma y\u00f6ntemidir. En basit y\u00f6ntem olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, genellikle eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri sunar.<br \/>\n2.  <strong>NodeSource Deposu Kullanarak Kurulum:<\/strong> NodeSource, Node.js&#8217;nin resmi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf bir depodur. Bu y\u00f6ntem, en g\u00fcncel veya belirli Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kurmak i\u00e7in idealdir.<br \/>\n3.  <strong>NVM (Node Version Manager) ile Kurulum:<\/strong> NVM, ayn\u0131 sistemde birden fazla Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netmenizi sa\u011flayan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in en esnek ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6ntemdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc farkl\u0131 projeler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Her y\u00f6nteme ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizi g\u00fcncel tutmak ve gerekli ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcklemek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h3>Kurulum \u00d6ncesi Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar<\/h3>\n<p>Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan ve gerekli \u00f6n ko\u015fullara sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>Sistem G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n<p>Ubuntu&#8217;da paket listelerini g\u00fcncellemek ve mevcut paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <code>sudo apt update<\/code>: Paket listelerini sunuculardan \u00e7eker ve yerel \u00f6nbelle\u011fi g\u00fcnceller.<br \/>\n*   <code>sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code>: Y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm paketleri y\u00fckseltir. <code>-y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak &#8220;evet&#8221; yan\u0131t\u0131 vermenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h4>Gerekli Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n Y\u00fcklenmesi<\/h4>\n<p>Baz\u0131 Node.js kurulum y\u00f6ntemleri veya Node.js ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak derleyici ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in <code>build-essential<\/code> paketi gibi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, NodeSource gibi harici depolar\u0131 eklemek i\u00e7in <code>curl<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar da gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install curl software-properties-common apt-transport-https build-essential -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <code>curl<\/code>: Uzak sunuculardan veri indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. NodeSource deposunu eklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <code>software-properties-common<\/code>: Depo ekleme gibi i\u015flemleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran yard\u0131mc\u0131 programlar i\u00e7erir.<br \/>\n*   <code>apt-transport-https<\/code>: APT&#8217;nin HTTPS \u00fczerinden depolara eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n*   <code>build-essential<\/code>: Derleyici, ba\u015fl\u0131k dosyalar\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 programlar dahil olmak \u00fczere yaz\u0131l\u0131m derlemek i\u00e7in gerekli olan t\u00fcm paketleri i\u00e7erir. Node.js native eklentileri derlemek i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131k ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, Node.js kurulum y\u00f6ntemlerine ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00f6ntem 1: APT Paket Y\u00f6neticisi ile Node.js Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, Node.js&#8217;yi Ubuntu&#8217;nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131ndan kurman\u0131n en basit yoludur. Ancak, genellikle Ubuntu&#8217;nun LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in daha eski Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer en son \u00f6zellikleri gerektirmeyen basit bir kurulum ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu y\u00f6ntem yeterli olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4>Node.js ve NPM Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanarak Node.js ve NPM&#8217;i y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install nodejs -y\nsudo apt install npm -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <code>sudo apt install nodejs<\/code>: Node.js \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131 kurar.<br \/>\n*   <code>sudo apt install npm<\/code>: Node.js paket y\u00f6neticisi olan NPM&#8217;i kurar. Node.js ile birlikte otomatik olarak gelmeyebilir, bu y\u00fczden ayr\u0131 olarak kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<h4>Kurulumu Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n<p>Kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in Node.js ve NPM s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaralar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">node -v\nnpm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komutlar, sisteminizde kurulu olan Node.js ve NPM s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaralar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmelidir. E\u011fer komutlar bulunamazsa veya hata verirse, kurulumda bir sorun olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h4>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntemin temel s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131, Ubuntu 18.04&#8217;\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda genellikle g\u00fcncel olmayan Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ubuntu 18.04&#8217;\u00fcn depolar\u0131nda Node.js&#8217;nin 8.x veya 10.x gibi eski bir LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc bulunabilirken, g\u00fcncel LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri 16.x, 18.x veya 20.x olabilir. Bu durum, modern uygulamalar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi yeni \u00f6zelliklerden veya g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemelerinden mahrum kalman\u0131za neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, \u00e7o\u011fu geli\u015ftirme ve \u00fcretim ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemler daha \u00e7ok tercih edilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00f6ntem 2: NodeSource Deposu Kullanarak Node.js Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>NodeSource, Node.js&#8217;nin en g\u00fcncel ve kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini sa\u011flayan resmi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf depodur. Bu y\u00f6ntem, Ubuntu&#8217;nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131ndaki eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmler sorununu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve belirli bir Node.js LTS (Uzun S\u00fcreli Destek) veya kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcklemenize olanak tan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu geli\u015ftirici ve sistem y\u00f6neticisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen y\u00f6ntem budur.<\/p>\n<h4>NodeSource Deposu Ekleme<\/h4>\n<p>NodeSource deposunu eklemek i\u00e7in <code>curl<\/code> komutunu kullanarak NodeSource kurulum beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Bu betik, depoyu sisteminize ekler ve GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7e aktar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h5>Belirli Bir Node.js S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Se\u00e7me<\/h5>\n<p>NodeSource, farkl\u0131 Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 betikler sunar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Node.js 16.x, 18.x veya 20.x LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini y\u00fcklemek isteyebilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde, en yayg\u0131n LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in komutlar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re uygun s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc se\u00e7melisiniz.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Node.js 16.x LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">curl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <strong>Node.js 18.x LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">curl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <strong>Node.js 20.x LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in (\u00f6nerilen en g\u00fcncel LTS):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">curl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komutlardan birini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, betik sisteminize NodeSource deposunu ekleyecek ve <code>apt<\/code> paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyecektir. \u0130\u015flem tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, &#8220;Installation complete&#8221; mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Node.js ve NPM Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>Depo ba\u015far\u0131yla eklendikten ve <code>apt<\/code> paket listesi g\u00fcncellendikten sonra, Node.js ve NPM&#8217;i y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install nodejs -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>NodeSource deposu, <code>nodejs<\/code> paketiyle birlikte hem Node.js \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131 hem de NPM&#8217;i kurar. Bu nedenle, NPM&#8217;i ayr\u0131 olarak kurman\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n<h4>Kurulumu Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n<p>Kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in Node.js ve NPM s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaralar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">node -v\nnpm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komutlar, NodeSource deposundan y\u00fckledi\u011finiz Node.js ve NPM&#8217;in s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaralar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h4>\n<p>*   <strong><code>curl<\/code> komutu bulunamad\u0131:<\/strong> E\u011fer <code>curl<\/code> y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, &#8220;curl: command not found&#8221; hatas\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bu durumda, <code>sudo apt install curl -y<\/code> komutunu kullanarak <code>curl<\/code>&#8216;u y\u00fckleyin ve ard\u0131ndan NodeSource beti\u011fini tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<br \/>\n*   <strong>GPG anahtar\u0131 hatas\u0131:<\/strong> Nadiren de olsa, GPG anahtar\u0131 i\u00e7e aktar\u0131m\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fanabilir. Genellikle NodeSource beti\u011fi bu sorunlar\u0131 otomatik olarak \u00e7\u00f6zer, ancak manuel m\u00fcdahale gerekirse, ilgili GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 elle i\u00e7e aktarmak gerekebilir.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Eski Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fckl\u00fc kal\u0131yor:<\/strong> E\u011fer daha \u00f6nce APT ile Node.js&#8217;nin eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurduysan\u0131z, NodeSource deposunu ekledikten sonra bile eski s\u00fcr\u00fcm kalabilir. Bu durumda, \u00f6nce eski s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kald\u0131rman\u0131z (<code>sudo apt remove nodejs npm -y<\/code>) ve ard\u0131ndan NodeSource kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlaman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00f6ntem 3: NVM (Node Version Manager) ile Node.js Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<p>NVM (Node Version Manager), ayn\u0131 sistemde birden fazla Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kolayca kurman\u0131z\u0131, y\u00f6netmenizi ve aralar\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini gerektiren birden fazla proje \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in son derece kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. NVM, Node.js&#8217;yi kullan\u0131c\u0131 dizininize kurar, bu da sistem \u00e7ap\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapman\u0131z\u0131 engeller ve root ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 gerektirmez.<\/p>\n<h4>NVM Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>NVM&#8217;yi kurmak i\u00e7in, GitHub deposundan kurulum beti\u011fini <code>curl<\/code> ile indirip \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. En g\u00fcncel NVM s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in NVM GitHub deposunu kontrol etmeniz \u00f6nerilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut, genellikle en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kurar:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">curl -o- https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/nvm-sh\/nvm\/v0.39.1\/install.sh | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Not:<\/strong> <code>v0.39.1<\/code> yerine NVM&#8217;nin en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. GitHub sayfas\u0131ndan g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Kurulum beti\u011fi, NVM&#8217;yi kullan\u0131c\u0131 dizininizdeki <code>~\/.nvm<\/code> konumuna indirir ve gerekli ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenlerini <code>.bashrc<\/code>, <code>.profile<\/code> veya <code>.zshrc<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekler. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in terminal oturumunuzu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">source ~\/.bashrc\n<h2>Veya<\/h2>\nsource ~\/.profile\n<h2>Veya<\/h2>\nsource ~\/.zshrc<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>NVM&#8217;nin do\u011fru \u015fekilde y\u00fcklendi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, NVM&#8217;nin s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmelidir.<\/p>\n<h4>NVM Kullanarak Node.js Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>NVM y\u00fcklendikten sonra, farkl\u0131 Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kurmak ve y\u00f6netmek \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h5>Belirli Bir S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Kurma<\/h5>\n<p>En son LTS (Uzun S\u00fcreli Destek) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm install --lts<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 18.x veya 20.x) kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm install 18\n<h2>Veya<\/h2>\nnvm install 20<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>NVM, belirtilen s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc indirir ve kurar. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, o s\u00fcr\u00fcm otomatik olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h5>Varsay\u0131lan S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Ayarlama<\/h5>\n<p>Bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc varsay\u0131lan olarak ayarlamak i\u00e7in, NVM&#8217;nin her yeni terminal oturumunda otomatik olarak o s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <code>alias default<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm alias default 20\n<h2>Veya<\/h2>\nnvm alias default node # Bu, en son kurulu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc varsay\u0131lan yapar<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>Farkl\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcmler Aras\u0131nda Ge\u00e7i\u015f Yapma<\/h5>\n<p>Kurulu Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in <code>nvm use<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm use 18<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, mevcut terminal oturumunuz i\u00e7in Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc 18.x olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<h5>Kurulu S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri Listeleme<\/h5>\n<p>Sisteminizde NVM arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurulu t\u00fcm Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, kurulu s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri ve o anda hangi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h5>Bir S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Kald\u0131rma<\/h5>\n<p>Bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm uninstall 16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, Node.js 16.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sisteminizden kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>NPM Paketlerini Y\u00f6netme<\/h4>\n<p>NVM ile her Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, kendi NPM paketleri koleksiyonuna sahiptir. Bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde, o s\u00fcr\u00fcmle ili\u015fkili NPM de etkinle\u015fir. Global olarak y\u00fckledi\u011finiz NPM paketleri, genellikle o Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00f6zeldir.<\/p>\n<h3>Node.js ve NPM Kurulumunu Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n<p>Hangi y\u00f6ntemi kullanm\u0131\u015f olursan\u0131z olun, Node.js ve NPM kurulumunun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">node -v\nnpm -v\nnpx -v # Npm 5.2.0 ve sonras\u0131 ile gelen bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <code>node -v<\/code>: Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.<br \/>\n*   <code>npm -v<\/code>: NPM s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.<br \/>\n*   <code>npx -v<\/code>: <code>npx<\/code> (Node Package Execute), NPM 5.2.0 ve sonras\u0131 ile gelen bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Yerel olarak y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri do\u011frudan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol etmek, NPM&#8217;in do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu komutlar, beklenen s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaralar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmelidir.<\/p>\n<h3>Node.js Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve Kullan\u0131m \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Node.js ve NPM ba\u015far\u0131yla kurulduktan sonra, geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmak ve temel i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n<h4>NPM Paket Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n<p>NPM, Node.js ekosisteminin kalbinde yer al\u0131r. Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Yeni bir proje ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir my-node-app\n    cd my-node-app\n    npm init -y # Varsay\u0131lan ayarlar ile package.json dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <strong>Paket y\u00fckleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install express # Projenize 'express' paketini y\u00fckler\n    npm install --save-dev nodemon # Geli\u015ftirme ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak 'nodemon' y\u00fckler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*   <strong>T\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install # package.json dosyas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckler<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Global Paket Kurulumu<\/h4>\n<p>Baz\u0131 paketler, t\u00fcm sistem genelinde komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilen ara\u00e7lar olarak global olarak kurulur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>create-react-app<\/code> veya <code>pm2<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install -g pm2 # PM2 (process manager) global olarak y\u00fckler<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Uyar\u0131:<\/strong> Global paketlerin y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle NVM kullan\u0131rken dikkat gerektirir. Her Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kendi global paketleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>Node.js Uygulamas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h4>\n<p>Basit bir Node.js uygulamas\u0131 olu\u015fturup \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m.<br \/>\n<code>app.js<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">\/\/ app.js\nconst http = require('http');\n\nconst hostname = '127.0.0.1';\nconst port = 3000;\n\nconst server = http.createServer((req, res) => {\n  res.statusCode = 200;\n  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text\/plain');\n  res.end('Merhaba Dunya!\\n');\n});\n\nserver.listen(port, hostname, () => {\n  console.log(<code>Sunucu http:\/\/${hostname}:${port}\/ adresinde calisiyor.<\/code>);\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu uygulamay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in terminalde:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">node app.js<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda <code>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/<\/code> adresine giderek &#8220;Merhaba Dunya!&#8221; mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Node.js S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n<p>Node.js ve NPM s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini g\u00fcncel tutmak, g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131ndan ve yeni \u00f6zelliklerden faydalanmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. G\u00fcncelleme y\u00f6ntemi, kurulum y\u00f6nteminize ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>NodeSource ile G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer NodeSource deposunu kullanarak Node.js kurduysan\u0131z, yeni bir LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc daha yeni bir kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcme y\u00fckseltmek istedi\u011finizde, NodeSource beti\u011fini ilgili s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131yla tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z ve ard\u0131ndan <code>apt install nodejs<\/code> komutunu kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Node.js 18.x&#8217;ten 20.x&#8217;e ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u00d6nce mevcut Node.js ve NPM'i kald\u0131r\u0131n\nsudo apt remove nodejs -y\n\n<h2>Yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u00e7in NodeSource deposunu ekleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin 20.x)<\/h2>\ncurl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -\n\n<h2>Yeni Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurun<\/h2>\nsudo apt install nodejs -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu ad\u0131mlar, sisteminizdeki Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcncelleyecektir.<\/p>\n<h4>NVM ile G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n<p>NVM kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, g\u00fcncelleme i\u015flemi \u00e7ok daha basittir. Yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kurup varsay\u0131lan olarak ayarlaman\u0131z yeterlidir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm install --lts # En son LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurar\nnvm alias default node # En son kurulu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc varsay\u0131lan yapar\nnvm use node # Mevcut oturumda en son kurulu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131r<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu, \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri kald\u0131rman\u0131za gerek kalmadan yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u0130sterseniz eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri <code>nvm uninstall <eski_surum><\/code> komutuyla kald\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Node.js Kald\u0131rma<\/h3>\n<p>Node.js&#8217;yi sisteminizden tamamen kald\u0131rmak isteyebilirsiniz. Kald\u0131rma i\u015flemi de kurulum y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h4>APT ile Kald\u0131rma<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer Node.js&#8217;yi APT paket y\u00f6neticisi ile kurduysan\u0131z:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt remove nodejs npm -y\nsudo apt purge nodejs npm -y # Konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 da siler\nsudo apt autoremove -y # Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 temizler<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>NodeSource ile Kald\u0131rma<\/h4>\n<p>NodeSource deposu \u00fczerinden kurduysan\u0131z, yine APT komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt remove nodejs -y\nsudo apt purge nodejs -y # Konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 da siler\nsudo rm -f \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/nodesource.list # NodeSource deposunu kald\u0131r\u0131r\nsudo apt update # Depo listesini g\u00fcnceller\nsudo apt autoremove -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>NVM ile Kald\u0131rma<\/h4>\n<p>NVM ile kurulu t\u00fcm Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kald\u0131rmak ve NVM&#8217;yi tamamen silmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>T\u00fcm Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kald\u0131r\u0131n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nvm uninstall --all<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.  <strong>NVM betiklerini <code>.bashrc<\/code> veya <code>.profile<\/code> dosyan\u0131zdan kald\u0131r\u0131n:<\/strong><br \/>\n    Bu dosyalar\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici ile a\u00e7\u0131n (<code>nano ~\/.bashrc<\/code> gibi) ve NVM ile ilgili sat\u0131rlar\u0131 (<code>export NVM_DIR<\/code>, <code>[ -s \"$NVM_DIR\/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"$NVM_DIR\/nvm.sh\"<\/code> gibi) silin.<br \/>\n3.  <strong>NVM dizinini silin:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rm -rf ~\/.nvm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.  <strong>Terminal oturumunuzu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerine Node.js&#8217;yi kurmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceledik: APT paket y\u00f6neticisi, NodeSource deposu ve NVM (Node Version Manager). Her bir y\u00f6ntemin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>APT ile kurulum<\/strong>, en basit yol olsa da genellikle eski Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini sunar ve \u00e7o\u011fu geli\u015ftirme senaryosu i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmez.<br \/>\n*   <strong>NodeSource deposu ile kurulum<\/strong>, g\u00fcncel ve belirli LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini edinmek i\u00e7in harika bir se\u00e7enektir ve \u00e7o\u011fu tek s\u00fcr\u00fcm gerektiren \u00fcretim ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in idealdir.<br \/>\n*   <strong>NVM ile kurulum<\/strong>, en esnek y\u00f6ntemdir ve ayn\u0131 sistemde birden fazla Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netme ihtiyac\u0131 olan geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n<p>Hangi y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7erseniz se\u00e7in, kurulum \u00f6ncesi sisteminizi g\u00fcncellemek ve gerekli ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcklemek her zaman iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Node.js ve NPM&#8217;in do\u011fru \u015fekilde kuruldu\u011fundan emin olmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm do\u011frulama komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bu rehber sayesinde, Ubuntu 18.04 sunucunuzda veya geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131n\u0131zda Node.js&#8217;yi ba\u015far\u0131yla kurmu\u015f ve kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r hale getirmi\u015f olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Modern web uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in art\u0131k haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z!<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Node.js Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber\nGiri\u015f\nNode.js, modern web geli\u015ftirme d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-33658","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ubuntu 18.04 \u00dczerine Node.js Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber - 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