{"id":33039,"date":"2025-10-28T21:41:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T18:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=33039"},"modified":"2025-10-28T21:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T18:41:19","slug":"postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi<\/h2>\n

E-posta, modern ileti\u015fimin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve sunucular aras\u0131nda e-posta iletimini sa\u011flayan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) denir. Postfix, bu MTA’lar aras\u0131nda en pop\u00fcler, g\u00fcvenli ve performansl\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerden biridir. IBM taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 olarak sunulan Postfix, Sendmail’e bir alternatif olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olup, mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcksek performans\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Ubuntu 22.04 gibi g\u00fcncel bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde kendi e-posta sunucunuzu kurmak, hem maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek hem de veri gizlili\u011fi ve kontrol a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli avantajlar sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) \u00fczerine nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, temel ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 (SASL) ve TLS\/SSL \u015fifrelemesi ile g\u00fcvenli\u011fi nas\u0131l sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca, yayg\u0131n sorun giderme y\u00f6ntemlerine ve \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131na da de\u011finece\u011fiz. Bu rehberin sonunda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve g\u00fcvenli bir Postfix e-posta sunucusuna sahip olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Postfix Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

Postfix, internet \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderme ve alma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen bir MTA’d\u0131r. Basit\u00e7e, bir e-posta g\u00f6nderdi\u011finizde, e-postan\u0131z\u0131n hedef sunucuya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan arac\u0131 Postfix gibi bir MTA’d\u0131r. Postfix’in temel \u00f6zellikleri ve tercih nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Postfix, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, her bir bile\u015fen ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan bir ortamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bu da potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik ihlallerinin etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlar.
\n* Performans:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek hacimli e-posta trafi\u011fini y\u00f6netebilecek \u015fekilde optimize edilmi\u015ftir.
\n* Esneklik:<\/strong> Geni\u015f bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma yelpazesi sunar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir.
\n* Kolay Y\u00f6netim:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 nispeten basittir ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.
\n* Uyumluluk:<\/strong> Di\u011fer e-posta sistemleri ve protokolleri ile sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde entegre olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kendi e-posta sunucunuzu kurmak, bulut tabanl\u0131 e-posta hizmetlerine olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r, veri egemenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle hassas verilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahip olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Postfix kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 22.04 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Temiz bir Ubuntu 22.04 LTS kurulumuna sahip bir sunucu.
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak veya sudo<\/code> yetkisine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile oturum a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olman\u0131z gerekir.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Paketleri indirmek i\u00e7in aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.
\n* Alan Ad\u0131 ve DNS Kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (\u00d6nerilir):<\/strong> E-posta sunucunuzun do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve spam olarak i\u015faretlenmemesi i\u00e7in bir alan ad\u0131na (domain name) ve do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131na (MX kayd\u0131, A kayd\u0131, SPF, DKIM, DMARC) sahip olman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu makalede DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131na girilmeyecek, ancak var oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) veya ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, gerekli portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun (SMTP i\u00e7in 25, 587, 465; IMAP i\u00e7in 143, 993; POP3 i\u00e7in 110, 995).<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: Sistem G\u00fcncellemesi<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sunucunuzdaki paket listesini g\u00fcncellemek ve mevcut paketleri y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fczeltmelerine sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, paket indekslerini g\u00fcnceller ve t\u00fcm y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri y\u00fckseltir. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Postfix Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Sisteminiz g\u00fcncelledikten sonra, Postfix’i kurmaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Postfix paketi, Ubuntu’nun varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda bulunur ve apt<\/code> paketi y\u00f6neticisi kullan\u0131larak kolayca kurulabilir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install postfix -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Postfix sizi baz\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri hakk\u0131nda y\u00f6nlendirecektir. Bu se\u00e7enekler, Postfix’in nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n
*   General type of mail configuration:<\/strong> Bu ad\u0131mda, e-posta sunucunuzun genel t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7meniz istenir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, “Internet Site” se\u00e7ene\u011fi do\u011fru se\u00e7imdir. Bu, sunucunuzun do\u011frudan internetten e-posta g\u00f6nderip alaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Di\u011fer se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131nda “Internet with smarthost” (e-postalar\u0131 harici bir sunucu \u00fczerinden g\u00f6nderir), “Satellite system” (t\u00fcm e-postalar\u0131 bir smarthost’a y\u00f6nlendirir), “Local only” (sadece yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda e-posta g\u00f6nderir) ve “No configuration” bulunur.
\n*   System mail name:<\/strong> Bu, e-posta sunucunuzun tam nitelikli alan ad\u0131d\u0131r (FQDN – Fully Qualified Domain Name). \u00d6rne\u011fin, mail.ornek.com<\/code> gibi bir de\u011fer girmeniz gerekir. Bu de\u011fer, giden e-postalar\u0131n From:<\/code> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu ekranlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131rsan\u0131z veya daha sonra de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isterseniz, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanarak yap\u0131land\u0131rma sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Postfix hizmetinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ibaresini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Temel Postfix Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Postfix’in ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code> konumundad\u0131r. Bu dosya, Postfix’in davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden bir\u00e7ok parametre i\u00e7erir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, bir e-posta sunucusunun d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan temel parametreleri inceleyece\u011fiz. Dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in favori metin d\u00fczenleyicinizi (\u00f6rne\u011fin nano<\/code> veya vim<\/code>) kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda ayarlaman\u0131z veya kontrol etmeniz gereken \u00f6nemli parametreler bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   myhostname<\/code><\/strong>: Bu parametre, e-posta sunucunuzun tam nitelikli alan ad\u0131n\u0131 (FQDN) belirtir. Genellikle mail.ornek.com<\/code> format\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Postfix’in kendini di\u011fer e-posta sunucular\u0131na tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 isimdir.<\/p>\n
myhostname = mail.ornek.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mydomain<\/code><\/strong>: Bu parametre, sunucunuzun bulundu\u011fu alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Genellikle myhostname<\/code>‘in alan ad\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
mydomain = ornek.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   myorigin<\/code><\/strong>: Bu parametre, yerel olarak olu\u015fturulan e-postalar\u0131n hangi alan ad\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini belirler. Genellikle $mydomain<\/code> olarak ayarlan\u0131r, bu da yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n e-postalar\u0131n\u0131n kullanici@ornek.com<\/code> adresinden g\u00f6nderilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
myorigin = $mydomain<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   inet_interfaces<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in hangi a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinde e-posta dinleyece\u011fini belirler.
\n    *   all<\/code>: T\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinde dinler (hem IPv4 hem de IPv6).
\n    *   localhost<\/code>: Sadece yerel aray\u00fczde (127.0.0.1) dinler.
\n    *   Belirli bir IP adresi veya aray\u00fcz ad\u0131 da belirtilebilir.
\n    Genellikle, harici e-posta al\u0131p g\u00f6nderecekseniz all<\/code> olarak ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
inet_interfaces = all<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mydestination<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in hangi alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e-posta kabul edece\u011fini belirler. Bu alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gelen e-postalar\u0131 yerel olarak teslim eder. Genellikle $myhostname<\/code>, $mydomain<\/code>, localhost.$mydomain<\/code> ve localhost<\/code> i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mynetworks<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in g\u00fcvenilir olarak kabul etti\u011fi a\u011flar\u0131 belirtir. Bu a\u011flardan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha az k\u0131s\u0131tlama uygulan\u0131r. Genellikle yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve localhost’u i\u00e7ermelidir. Spam g\u00f6nderimini engellemek i\u00e7in dikkatli yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0\/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]\/104 [::1]\/128 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code><\/pre>\n
    (Buradaki 192.168.1.0\/24<\/code> sizin yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmelidir.)
\n*   home_mailbox<\/code><\/strong>: Yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in gelen e-postalar\u0131n nerede saklanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. \u0130ki yayg\u0131n format vard\u0131r:
\n    *   Maildir\/<\/code>: Her e-postay\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir dosyada saklayan ve daha modern bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. E-posta istemcileri taraf\u0131ndan daha iyi desteklenir.
\n    *   Mailbox<\/code>: T\u00fcm e-postalar\u0131 tek bir dosyada saklayan geleneksel bir formatt\u0131r.
\n    Maildir<\/code> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
home_mailbox = Maildir\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu ayar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizininde bir Maildir<\/code> dizini otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.
\n*   mailbox_size_limit<\/code><\/strong>: Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n posta kutusunun maksimum boyutunu bayt cinsinden belirler. 0, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
mailbox_size_limit = 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   recipient_delimiter<\/code><\/strong>: E-posta adreslerinde uzant\u0131lar\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin kullanici+etiket@ornek.com<\/code>) nas\u0131l ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Varsay\u0131lan olarak +<\/code> i\u015faretidir.<\/p>\n
recipient_delimiter = +<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ayarlar\u0131 main.cf<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekledikten veya d\u00fczenledikten sonra dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve kapat\u0131n. De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Postfix hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
Durumunu tekrar kontrol ederek bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Postfix Test Etme<\/h3>\n
Postfix’in do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve e-posta g\u00f6nderip alabildi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in basit testler yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Yerel E-posta G\u00f6nderme<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, sunucunuzdaki yerel bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya e-posta g\u00f6ndererek Postfix’in dahili olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test edelim. Sunucunuzda mevcut bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kullaniciadi<\/code>) e-posta g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
echo \"Bu bir test e-postas\u0131d\u0131r.\" | mail -s \"Yerel Postfix Testi\" kullaniciadi<\/code><\/pre>\n
E-postan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilip g\u00f6nderilmedi\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
Loglarda status=sent<\/code> veya status=delivered<\/code> gibi bir ifade g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E-postay\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in, e\u011fer home_mailbox = Maildir\/<\/code> olarak ayarlad\u0131ysan\u0131z, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizinindeki Maildir\/new<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fcne bakabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
ls \/home\/kullaniciadi\/Maildir\/new\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya mail<\/code> komutu ile:<\/p>\n
mail<\/code><\/pre>\n
Harici E-posta G\u00f6nderme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, harici bir e-posta adresine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Gmail veya Outlook) bir test e-postas\u0131 g\u00f6nderelim. Bu, Postfix’in d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla ileti\u015fim kurabildi\u011fini do\u011frular.<\/p>\n
echo \"Bu Postfix sunucumdan g\u00f6nderilen harici bir test e-postas\u0131d\u0131r.\" | mail -s \"Harici Postfix Testi\" alici@ornek.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yine, \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek e-postan\u0131n g\u00f6nderim durumunu takip edebilirsiniz. Loglarda status=sent<\/code> ve hedef sunucunun ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E-postan\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n gelen kutusuna ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer ula\u015fmazsa, spam klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc de kontrol etmeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: SMTP Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131 (SASL) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Postfix sunucunuz SMTP portu 25 \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye izin verir, ancak kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmaz. Bu, herkesin sunucunuzu kullanarak e-posta g\u00f6nderebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir ve sunucunuzun bir spam r\u00f6lesi haline gelme riski ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu riski \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, e-posta g\u00f6ndermek isteyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 (SASL – Simple Authentication and Security Layer) yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekir. Bu genellikle submission<\/code> portu (587) \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SASL i\u00e7in Dovecot gibi bir IMAP\/POP3 sunucusu kullanmak yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Dovecot kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 zaten y\u00f6netir ve Postfix bu bilgiyi kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Dovecot ve SASL Bile\u015fenlerini Kurma<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, gerekli paketleri kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dovecot’u SASL Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Dovecot’un Postfix i\u00e7in bir SASL kimlik do\u011frulama soketi sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ayar genellikle \/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-master.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-master.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
service auth { ... }<\/code> blo\u011funu bulun ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi d\u00fczenleyin veya ekleyin:<\/p>\n
service auth {\n  unix_listener \/var\/spool\/postfix\/private\/auth {\n    mode = 0666\n    user = postfix\n    group = postfix\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ayar, Dovecot’un Postfix’in eri\u015febilece\u011fi \/var\/spool\/postfix\/private\/auth<\/code> yolunda bir Unix soketi olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. postfix<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubunun bu sokete eri\u015fim izinleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, \/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-auth.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda kimlik do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlaman\u0131z gerekebilir:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-auth.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 bulun ve gerekirse de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
auth_mechanisms = plain login<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyalar\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n ve Dovecot hizmetini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart dovecot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Postfix’i SASL Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi Postfix’i Dovecot’un sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 SASL hizmetini kullanacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m. \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 dosyan\u0131n sonuna veya uygun bir yere ekleyin:<\/p>\n
# SASL Authentication\nsmtpd_sasl_type = dovecot\nsmtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth\nsmtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes\nsmtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous\nsmtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname\nbroken_sasl_auth_clients = yes<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu parametrelerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n
*   smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot<\/code><\/strong>: Postfix’in SASL i\u00e7in Dovecot’u kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   smtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth<\/code><\/strong>: Dovecot’un SASL soketinin yolunu belirtir. Bu yol, Postfix’in chroot<\/code> ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fundan, tam yol \/var\/spool\/postfix\/private\/auth<\/code> olacakt\u0131r.
\n*   smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes<\/code><\/strong>: SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir.
\n*   smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous<\/code><\/strong>: Anonim kimlik do\u011frulamaya izin vermez.
\n*   smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname<\/code><\/strong>: SASL kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu yerel alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.
\n*   broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes<\/code><\/strong>: Eski veya hatal\u0131 e-posta istemcileriyle uyumlulu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, smtpd_recipient_restrictions<\/code> parametresini bulman\u0131z ve permit_sasl_authenticated<\/code> ile permit_mynetworks<\/code> ifadelerini eklemeniz veya do\u011fru s\u0131rada oldu\u011fundan emin olman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ve g\u00fcvenilir a\u011flardan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n e-posta g\u00f6ndermesine izin verirken, di\u011fer ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlar. Bu parametre, spam’i \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =\n    permit_mynetworks,\n    permit_sasl_authenticated,\n    reject_unauth_destination<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu s\u0131ran\u0131n anlam\u0131 \u015fudur:
\n1.  permit_mynetworks<\/code>: mynetworks<\/code> i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlanan a\u011flardan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin ver.
\n2.  permit_sasl_authenticated<\/code>: SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lara izin ver.
\n3.  reject_unauth_destination<\/code>: Yukar\u0131daki ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flamayan ve sunucuya ait olmayan bir hedefe e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 reddet.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Postfix’i yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: TLS\/SSL ile G\u00fcvenli E-posta \u0130leti\u015fimi<\/h3>\n
E-posta ileti\u015fimi genellikle hassas bilgiler i\u00e7erir. Bu bilgilerin a\u011f \u00fczerinde \u015fifrelenmeden g\u00f6nderilmesi, dinlemeye ve ele ge\u00e7irilmeye a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirir. TLS\/SSL (Transport Layer Security\/Secure Sockets Layer) kullanarak e-posta trafi\u011fini \u015fifrelemek, bu t\u00fcr riskleri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sertifika Alma veya Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenilir bir TLS\/SSL sertifikas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt gibi \u00fccretsiz bir sertifika sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131dan sertifika alman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Ancak, test veya dahili kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in kendi kendine imzalanm\u0131\u015f (self-signed) bir sertifika da olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Let’s Encrypt ile Sertifika Alma (\u00d6nerilen)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Let’s Encrypt sertifikalar\u0131 genellikle certbot<\/code> arac\u0131 ile al\u0131n\u0131r. E\u011fer bir web sunucusu (Nginx veya Apache) kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, certbot<\/code> bunu otomatik olarak yap\u0131land\u0131rabilir. E\u011fer sadece Postfix i\u00e7in alacaksan\u0131z, standalone<\/code> y\u00f6ntemini kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install certbot -y\nsudo certbot certonly --standalone -d mail.ornek.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
mail.ornek.com<\/code> yerine kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131n. certbot<\/code> sizden e-posta adresi isteyecek ve hizmet \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmenizi isteyecektir. Sertifikalar genellikle \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/mail.ornek.com\/<\/code> dizinine kaydedilir.<\/p>\n
Kendi Kendine \u0130mzalanm\u0131\u015f Sertifika Olu\u015fturma (Test Ama\u00e7l\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n
E\u011fer sadece test ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z veya \u00f6zel bir CA’n\u0131z varsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla kendi kendine imzalanm\u0131\u015f bir sertifika olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout \/etc\/ssl\/private\/postfix.key -out \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/postfix.crt<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, 2048-bit RSA anahtar\u0131 ve 365 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli bir X.509 sertifikas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Sizden baz\u0131 bilgiler (\u00fclke, \u015fehir, organizasyon vb.) istenecektir. Common Name (CN) olarak e-posta sunucunuzun FQDN’sini (mail.ornek.com<\/code>) girdi\u011finizden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Postfix’i TLS\/SSL i\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
Sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 edindikten sonra, Postfix’i TLS kullanacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m. \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin veya g\u00fcncelleyin (sertifika yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendi sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n):<\/p>\n
# TLS Configuration\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/postfix.crt\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = \/etc\/ssl\/private\/postfix.key\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}\/smtpd_scache\n\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}\/smtp_scache<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu parametrelerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n
*   smtpd_tls_cert_file<\/code><\/strong>: Sunucu taraf\u0131 TLS i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak sertifika dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n*   smtpd_tls_key_file<\/code><\/strong>: Sunucu taraf\u0131 TLS i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak \u00f6zel anahtar dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolu.
\n*   smtpd_tls_security_level = may<\/code><\/strong>: Gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in TLS kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaz, ancak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse kullan\u0131r. Di\u011fer se\u00e7enekler: encrypt<\/code> (TLS’yi zorunlu k\u0131lar), dane<\/code> (DANE\/TLSA kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r), verify<\/code> (sertifika do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapar). Genellikle may<\/code> ile ba\u015flan\u0131r.
\n*   smtpd_tls_protocols<\/code><\/strong>: Sunucu taraf\u0131nda izin verilen TLS protokolleri. Eski ve g\u00fcvensiz protokolleri (SSLv2, SSLv3) devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak \u00f6nemlidir.
\n*   smtpd_tls_loglevel<\/code><\/strong>: TLS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n loglama seviyesi. 1, temel bilgileri loglar.
\n*   smtpd_tls_session_cache_database<\/code><\/strong>: TLS oturum bilgilerini \u00f6nbelle\u011fe almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan veritaban\u0131.<\/p>\n
smtp_tls_<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan parametreler, Postfix’in ba\u015fka bir sunucuya e-posta g\u00f6nderirken (istemci taraf\u0131 TLS) nas\u0131l davranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Postfix’i yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k e-posta sunucunuz SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 ve TLS \u015fifrelemesi ile daha g\u00fcvenli hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 7: E-posta \u0130stemcisi Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\u00d6zet)<\/h3>\n
Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n e-posta sunucunuzu kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in e-posta istemcilerini (Outlook, Thunderbird, mobil e-posta uygulamalar\u0131 vb.) do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
*   Gelen E-posta Sunucusu (IMAP\/POP3 – Dovecot taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r):<\/strong>
\n    *   Sunucu Ad\u0131:<\/strong> mail.ornek.com<\/code> (veya kendi FQDN’niz)
\n    *   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131:<\/strong> E-posta kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin kullaniciadi<\/code>)
\n    *   Parola:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n parolas\u0131
\n    *   IMAP Portu:<\/strong> 993 (SSL\/TLS ile) veya 143 (StartTLS ile)
\n    *   POP3 Portu:<\/strong> 995 (SSL\/TLS ile) veya 110 (StartTLS ile)
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> SSL\/TLS veya StartTLS
\n*   Giden E-posta Sunucusu (SMTP – Postfix taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r):<\/strong>
\n    *   Sunucu Ad\u0131:<\/strong> mail.ornek.com<\/code> (veya kendi FQDN’niz)
\n    *   Port:<\/strong> 587 (Submission portu, \u00f6nerilir) veya 465 (SMTPS, eski ancak hala kullan\u0131l\u0131r)
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> SSL\/TLS veya StartTLS
\n    *   Kimlik Do\u011frulama:<\/strong> Gerekli (Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131 ve Parola ile)<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 8: Yayg\u0131n Sorunlar ve Giderme<\/h3>\n
E-posta sunucusu kurulumu karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131:<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (UFW) Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer UFW kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, Postfix ve Dovecot’un ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu portlar\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
*   SMTP:<\/strong>
\n    *   25\/tcp (Normal SMTP – sunucular aras\u0131 ileti\u015fim)
\n    *   587\/tcp (Submission – e-posta istemcileri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r, SASL ile)
\n    *   465\/tcp (SMTPS – eski g\u00fcvenli SMTP, baz\u0131 istemciler hala kullan\u0131r)
\n*   IMAP:<\/strong>
\n    *   143\/tcp (IMAP)
\n    *   993\/tcp (IMAPS – SSL\/TLS ile g\u00fcvenli IMAP)
\n*   POP3:<\/strong>
\n    *   110\/tcp (POP3)
\n    *   995\/tcp (POP3S – SSL\/TLS ile g\u00fcvenli POP3)<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 25\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 587\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 465\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 143\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 993\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 110\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 995\/tcp\nsudo ufw reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
DNS Kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
E-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6nderilip al\u0131nabilmesi ve spam olarak i\u015faretlenmemesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
*   A Kayd\u0131:<\/strong> mail.ornek.com<\/code> alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sunucunuzun IP adresine i\u015faret etti\u011finden emin olun.
\n*   MX Kayd\u0131:<\/strong> Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z (ornek.com<\/code>) i\u00e7in e-posta al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini y\u00f6netecek sunucuyu belirtir. Genellikle mail.ornek.com<\/code> adresini i\u015faret eder.
\n    *   \u00d6rnek: ornek.com IN MX 10 mail.ornek.com<\/code>
\n*   SPF Kayd\u0131:<\/strong> G\u00f6nderen Politika \u00c7er\u00e7evesi (Sender Policy Framework). Alan ad\u0131n\u0131zdan e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye yetkili sunucular\u0131 belirtir. Bu, sahtecili\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n    *   \u00d6rnek: ornek.com IN TXT \"v=spf1 mx a ip4:SUNUCU_IP_ADRESINIZ ~all\"<\/code>
\n*   DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail):<\/strong> E-postalar\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak g\u00f6nderenin kimli\u011fini do\u011frular ve e-postan\u0131n yolda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini garanti eder.
\n*   DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance):<\/strong> SPF ve DKIM politikalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z do\u011frulama durumlar\u0131nda ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n
Bu DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 alan ad\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kontrol panelinden yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Log Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Sorun gidermenin en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir.<\/p>\n
*   Postfix Loglar\u0131:<\/strong> \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code>
\n*   Dovecot Loglar\u0131:<\/strong> \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code> (genellikle Postfix ile ayn\u0131 dosyay\u0131 kullan\u0131r)<\/p>\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> komutu ile loglar\u0131 canl\u0131 olarak takip edebilirsiniz. Herhangi bir hata mesaj\u0131 veya uyar\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
E-posta Kuyru\u011fu Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
Bazen e-postalar g\u00f6nderilemez ve Postfix kuyru\u011funda tak\u0131l\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*   Kuyruktaki e-postalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme:<\/strong> mailq<\/code> veya postqueue -p<\/code>
\n*   Kuyruktaki belirli bir e-postay\u0131 silme:<\/strong> postsuper -d MAIL_ID<\/code> (MAIL_ID, mailq<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131ndaki kimliktir)
\n*   T\u00fcm kuyru\u011fu bo\u015faltma (dikkatli olun!):<\/strong> postsuper -d ALL<\/code>
\n*   Kuyruktaki e-postalar\u0131 hemen g\u00f6ndermeyi deneme:<\/strong> postqueue -f<\/code><\/p>\n
Spam Sorunlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Kendi e-posta sunucunuzu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n spam olarak i\u015faretlenmesi yayg\u0131n bir sorundur. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri:<\/p>\n
*   Eksik veya Yanl\u0131\u015f DNS Kay\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/strong> MX, SPF, DKIM, DMARC kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Payla\u015f\u0131lan IP Adresi:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun IP adresi daha \u00f6nce spam g\u00f6ndermi\u015f ba\u015fka bir sunucu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir. IP adresinizin kara listelerde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n*   Ters DNS (PTR) Kayd\u0131:<\/strong> IP adresinizin alan ad\u0131n\u0131za do\u011fru \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011finden emin olun. Alan ad\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z veya sunucu sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   \u0130tibar:<\/strong> Yeni bir e-posta sunucusu kurdu\u011funuzda, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n itibar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir. Zamanla ve iyi e-posta g\u00f6nderme uygulamalar\u0131yla itibar kazan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00fczerine kurma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, SMTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 (SASL) ve TLS\/SSL \u015fifrelemesi ile g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flama y\u00f6ntemlerini ve yayg\u0131n sorun giderme ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131k. Kendi e-posta sunucunuzu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, size e-posta ileti\u015fiminiz \u00fczerinde tam kontrol sa\u011flar ve veri gizlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli avantajlar sunar.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki bir e-posta sunucusunu y\u00f6netmek s\u00fcrekli dikkat ve bak\u0131m gerektirir. G\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak uygulamak, loglar\u0131 izlemek, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel tutmak ve spam \u00f6nleme \u00f6nlemlerini optimize etmek, sunucunuzun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130leri seviye yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar aras\u0131nda anti-spam (\u00f6rne\u011fin SpamAssassin) ve anti-vir\u00fcs (\u00f6rne\u011fin ClamAV) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin entegrasyonu, posta listeleri y\u00f6netimi ve daha karma\u015f\u0131k e-posta y\u00f6nlendirme kurallar\u0131 bulunabilir. Bu rehber, sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\nE-posta, modern ileti\u015fimin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve sunucular aras\u0131nda e-post","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-33039","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nPostfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi E-posta, modern ileti\u015fimin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve sunucular aras\u0131nda e-post\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\"},\"wordCount\":3246,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\",\"name\":\"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - Yaz\u0131l\u0131m D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tecr\u00fcbelerim\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\",\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-replicate-prediction-3kgg1hgjn5rgp0cf0p5tr0jw7w-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-replicate-prediction-3kgg1hgjn5rgp0cf0p5tr0jw7w-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Fatih Soysal\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\"},\"description\":\"Kullan\u0131m ve kodlama m\u00fckemmeliyetini odak alan uygulamalar olu\u015fturma deneyimine sahip, profesyonel olarak 15+ y\u0131l \u00fczeri deneyime sahip bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisi.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/author\/fatihsoysal\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi","og_description":"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi E-posta, modern ileti\u015fimin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve sunucular aras\u0131nda e-post","og_url":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","og_site_name":"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131","article_published_time":"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00","author":"Fatih Soysal","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Fatih Soysal","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"19 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/"},"author":{"name":"Fatih Soysal","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1"},"headline":"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi","datePublished":"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/"},"wordCount":3246,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1"},"articleSection":["Ubuntu"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2025","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","url":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/","name":"Postfix'i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-10-28T18:41:19+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postfixi-ubuntu-22-04-uzerine-kurma-ve-yapilandirma-rehberi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Postfix’i Ubuntu 22.04 \u00dczerine Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/","name":"Fatihsoysal.com","description":"Blog - Yaz\u0131l\u0131m D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tecr\u00fcbelerim","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1","name":"Fatih Soysal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-replicate-prediction-3kgg1hgjn5rgp0cf0p5tr0jw7w-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-replicate-prediction-3kgg1hgjn5rgp0cf0p5tr0jw7w-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Fatih Soysal"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/"},"description":"Kullan\u0131m ve kodlama m\u00fckemmeliyetini odak alan uygulamalar olu\u015fturma deneyimine sahip, profesyonel olarak 15+ y\u0131l \u00fczeri deneyime sahip bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisi.","url":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/author\/fatihsoysal\/"}]}},"yoast_meta":{"yoast_wpseo_title":"","yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","yoast_wpseo_canonical":""},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33040,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33039\/revisions\/33040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}