from selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\n\n# WebDriver'\u0131n yolunu belirtin\n# E\u011fer chromedriver.exe dosyas\u0131n\u0131 beti\u011finizin oldu\u011fu dizine koyduysan\u0131z, sadece dosya ad\u0131n\u0131 yazabilirsiniz.\n# Veya tam yolu belirtin: 'C:\/path\/to\/chromedriver.exe'\nchromedriver_path = '.\/chromedriver.exe' \nservice = Service(executable_path=chromedriver_path)\n\n# Taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015flat\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)\n\n# Bir web sitesini a\u00e7\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.google.com\")\n\n# Sayfan\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131r\nprint(f\"Sayfa Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: {driver.title}\")\n\n# Taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kapat (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131, g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131labilir)\n# driver.quit()\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu kod blo\u011fu, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda bir Chrome taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7acak, Google anasayfas\u0131na gidecek, sayfan\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konsola yazd\u0131racak ve ard\u0131ndan taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kapatacakt\u0131r. Bu basit ad\u0131mlarla, Selenium'un web otomasyonu i\u00e7in temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f oluyoruz.<\/p>\n
Web Elementlerini Bulma ve Etkile\u015fime Ge\u00e7me: Verilere Ula\u015fma<\/h3>\n
Web sitelerinden veri \u00e7ekmenin anahtar\u0131, \u00e7ekmek istedi\u011fimiz bilgilerin bulundu\u011fu HTML elementlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde bulabilmektir. Selenium, elementleri bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler sunar: ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text, Partial Link Text, XPath ve CSS Selector. En esnek ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6ntemler genellikle XPath<\/b> ve CSS Selector<\/b>'lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir web elementini bulmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle o elementin HTML yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelememiz gerekir. Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \"Geli\u015ftirici Ara\u00e7lar\u0131\" (F12) \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanarak bu yap\u0131ya eri\u015febilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Google arama \u00e7ubu\u011funu bulal\u0131m ve oraya bir metin yaz\u0131p arama yapal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nfrom selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # Klavye tu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in\n\nchromedriver_path = '.\/chromedriver.exe'\nservice = Service(executable_path=chromedriver_path)\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)\n\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.google.com\")\n\ntry:\n # Arama \u00e7ubu\u011funu bul (genellikle 'name' attribute'\u0131 'q' olur)\n search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \"q\")\n\n # Arama \u00e7ubu\u011funa metin yaz\n search_box.send_keys(\"Selenium Python veri \u00e7ekme\")\n\n # Enter tu\u015funa basarak arama yap\n search_box.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)\n\n # Arama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sayfas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131r\n print(f\"Arama Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Sayfas\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: {driver.title}\")\n\n # \u0130lk arama sonucunu bul ve t\u0131klama (\u00f6rne\u011fin, h3 etiketiyle ba\u015flayan bir link)\n # Bu k\u0131sm\u0131 daha spesifik bir CSS Selector veya XPath ile iyile\u015ftirmek gerekebilir\n # Google'\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015febilir, bu y\u00fczden bu selekt\u00f6r her zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayabilir.\n first_result = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \"h3\")\n print(f\"\u0130lk sonu\u00e7: {first_result.text}\")\n first_result.click()\n\n # Yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan sayfan\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131r\n print(f\"T\u0131klanan Sayfan\u0131n Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: {driver.title}\")\n\nfinally:\n # \u0130\u015flem bittikten sonra taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kapat\n driver.quit()\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6rnekte, find_element(By.NAME, \"q\")<\/code> ile arama \u00e7ubu\u011funu bulduk ve send_keys()<\/code> metodu ile i\u00e7ine metin yazd\u0131k. Ard\u0131ndan, Keys.RETURN<\/code> kullanarak Enter tu\u015funa basm\u0131\u015f gibi davrand\u0131k. Son olarak, arama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sayfas\u0131ndaki ilk h3<\/code> etiketini bularak ona t\u0131klad\u0131k. Bu etkile\u015fimler, Selenium'un web siteleriyle ne kadar derinlemesine etkile\u015fim kurabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\nUzman \u0130pucu: Elementleri bulmakta zorlan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n geli\u015ftirici ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki \"Element Se\u00e7\" arac\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n ve istedi\u011finiz elemente t\u0131klay\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan, sa\u011f t\u0131klayarak \"Copy\" se\u00e7ene\u011finden \"Copy selector\" veya \"Copy XPath\" ile direkt olarak selector'\u0131 alabilirsiniz. Bu, zaman kazand\u0131ran pratik bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/div>\n
Dinamik \u0130\u00e7erik ve Bekleme Stratejileri: Sab\u0131rla Veri Toplama<\/h3>\n
Modern web sitelerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, i\u00e7eri\u011fi dinamik olarak y\u00fcklemeleridir. Bu durum, Selenium gibi bir otomasyon arac\u0131n\u0131n hemen bir elementi bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda \"Element Not Found\" hatas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sayfa y\u00fcklendi\u011finde, element hen\u00fcz DOM'a eklenmemi\u015f olabilir. Bu t\u00fcr senaryolar i\u00e7in Selenium'da bekleme stratejileri kullanmak hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Selenium'da iki ana bekleme t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: Implicit Waits (\u00d6rt\u00fck Beklemeler)<\/b> ve Explicit Waits (A\u00e7\u0131k Beklemeler)<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n- \n
Implicit Waits (\u00d6rt\u00fck Beklemeler):<\/b> Taray\u0131c\u0131ya, bir elementi bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken belirli bir s\u00fcreye kadar beklemesini s\u00f6yler. E\u011fer element belirtilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bulunursa i\u015flem devam eder, bulunamazsa hata verir. Bu bekleme s\u00fcresi bir kez ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, driver<\/code> nesnesinin t\u00fcm \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\ndriver.implicitly_wait(10) # 10 saniyeye kadar bekle<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu, basit senaryolar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olsa da, her element i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreyi bekleyebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in gereksiz gecikmelere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Explicit Waits (A\u00e7\u0131k Beklemeler):<\/b> Daha esnek ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bekleme y\u00f6ntemidir. Belirli bir ko\u015ful kar\u015f\u0131lanana kadar veya maksimum bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7ene kadar beklemeyi sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir elementin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelmesini, t\u0131klanabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 veya belirli bir metni i\u00e7ermesini bekleyebilirsiniz. Bu, \u00f6zellikle AJAX \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 sonras\u0131 y\u00fcklenen i\u00e7erikler i\u00e7in idealdir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\n\n# Belirli bir elementin t\u0131klanabilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 10 saniyeye kadar bekle\nelement = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(\n EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, \"myButton\"))\n)\nelement.click()<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
expected_conditions<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fc, bekleyebilece\u011finiz bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ko\u015ful sunar: presence_of_element_located<\/code>, visibility_of_element_located<\/code>, text_to_be_present_in_element<\/code> vb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDo\u011fru bekleme stratejilerini kullanmak, Selenium betiklerinizin hem daha stabil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar hem de gereksiz gecikmeleri \u00f6nleyerek performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k ve JavaScript a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sitelerde, a\u00e7\u0131k beklemeler olmazsa olmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryosu: E-ticaret Sitesinden \u00dcr\u00fcn Verisi \u00c7ekme<\/h2>\n
Teorik bilgileri ve temel uygulamalar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizi bir araya getirerek ger\u00e7ek bir senaryo \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m: Bir e-ticaret sitesinden \u00fcr\u00fcn verileri \u00e7ekme. Bu vaka analizinde, belirli bir kategorideki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve linklerini toplayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu, bir\u00e7ok veri kaz\u0131ma projesinin temelini olu\u015fturan yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6revdir.<\/p>\n
Hayali bir e-ticaret sitesi olan \"\u00f6rnek-alisveris.com\" adresindeki \"Elektronik\" kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Bu site, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sayfa kayd\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a dinamik olarak y\u00fckleyen ve baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6zelliklerini AJAX ile getiren bir yap\u0131ya sahip olabilir. Bu durum, hem element bulma hem de bekleme stratejileri konusunda bize pratik yapma imkan\u0131 sunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Senaryo Detaylar\u0131 ve Hedeflenen Veriler<\/h3>\n\n- Hedef Site:<\/b>
https:\/\/www.example-alisveris.com\/elektronik-kategorisi<\/code> (Bu URL ve site ger\u00e7ek de\u011fildir, sadece bir senaryo i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi ger\u00e7ek hedefinizi belirlerken l\u00fctfen sitenin kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve etik kurallar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n.)<\/li>\n- Hedeflenen Veriler:<\/b>\n
\n- \u00dcr\u00fcn Ad\u0131<\/li>\n
- \u00dcr\u00fcn Fiyat\u0131<\/li>\n
- \u00dcr\u00fcn Linki (detay sayfas\u0131na giden)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Zorluklar:<\/b>\n
\n- Sayfaland\u0131rma (bir sonraki sayfaya ge\u00e7me)<\/li>\n
- Dinamik y\u00fcklenen i\u00e7erikler (sayfa kayd\u0131rma ile gelen \u00fcr\u00fcnler)<\/li>\n
- Fiyat veya indirim gibi baz\u0131 verilerin ge\u00e7 y\u00fcklenmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Kodsal Uygulama: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Veri \u00c7ekme<\/h3>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod blo\u011fu, bu senaryoyu nas\u0131l ele alabilece\u011fimizi g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6rnek-alisveris.com yerine, siz kendi projenizdeki bir e-ticaret sitesini hedefleyerek CSS selector'lar\u0131 ve XPath'leri buna g\u00f6re ayarlamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Unutmay\u0131n ki, web sitelerinin HTML yap\u0131lar\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilir, bu y\u00fczden selector'lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 periyodik olarak kontrol etmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nfrom selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\nimport time\n\nchromedriver_path = '.\/chromedriver.exe'\nservice = Service(executable_path=chromedriver_path)\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)\ndriver.maximize_window() # Taray\u0131c\u0131 penceresini tam ekran yap\n\n# Implicit wait ile t\u00fcm element aramalar\u0131 i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan bir bekleme s\u00fcresi belirle\ndriver.implicitly_wait(5) \n\n# \u00dcr\u00fcnleri toplayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z liste\nall_products = []\n\ntry:\n # Hedef kategori sayfas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\n # GER\u00c7EK B\u0130R S\u0130TE \u0130LE DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130N\u0130Z!\n driver.get(\"https:\/\/www.hepsiburada.com\/laptop-masaustu-bilgisayarlar-c-204\") \n \n # Sayfan\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131na do\u011fru kayd\u0131rarak dinamik i\u00e7eriklerin y\u00fcklenmesini bekle\n # Bu i\u015flemi birden fazla kez tekrarlamak gerekebilir\n last_height = driver.execute_script(\"return document.body.scrollHeight\")\n while True:\n driver.execute_script(\"window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);\")\n time.sleep(3) # \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fin y\u00fcklenmesi i\u00e7in bekle\n new_height = driver.execute_script(\"return document.body.scrollHeight\")\n if new_height == last_height:\n break\n last_height = new_height\n\n # \u00dcr\u00fcn elementlerini bulmak i\u00e7in CSS Selector kullan\u0131yoruz.\n # Bu selector, \u00f6rnek olarak bir e-ticaret sitesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn listeleme yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n # Ger\u00e7ek bir site i\u00e7in bu selector'\u0131 geli\u015ftirici ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile bulman\u0131z gerekmektedir.\n # \u00d6rne\u011fin, her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kart\u0131 'div.productListContent-zAP0s5Qef_WjHq_PJb_P' gibi bir class'a sahip olabilir.\n product_cards = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \"li.productListContent-zAP0s5Qef_WjHq_PJb_P\") # \u00d6rnek bir CSS Selector\n\n print(f\"Toplam {len(product_cards)} \u00fcr\u00fcn kart\u0131 bulundu.\")\n\n for card in product_cards:\n try:\n # \u00dcr\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ek\n # 'h3' etiketi alt\u0131ndaki 'a' etiketinin 'title' attribute'u veya 'text'i\n product_name_element = card.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \"h3 > a\") \n product_name = product_name_element.get_attribute(\"title\") or product_name_element.text\n \n # \u00dcr\u00fcn fiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ek (fiyat\u0131n genellikle belirli bir span veya div i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131r)\n # Fiyat\u0131n dinamik y\u00fcklenmesi ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 explicit wait kullanabiliriz.\n product_price_element = WebDriverWait(card, 5).until(\n EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \"div.product-card-price > div > div.price-value-container > div\")) # \u00d6rnek fiyat selector'\u0131\n )\n product_price = product_price_element.text\n \n # \u00dcr\u00fcn linkini \u00e7ek\n product_link = product_name_element.get_attribute(\"href\")\n\n all_products.append({\n \"Ad\u0131\": product_name.strip(),\n \"Fiyat\u0131\": product_price.strip(),\n \"Linki\": product_link\n })\n except Exception as e:\n print(f\"Bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kart\u0131 i\u015flenirken hata olu\u015ftu: {e}\")\n # Hata olan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc atlay\u0131p devam et\n continue\n\n # Toplanan verileri yazd\u0131r\n for product in all_products:\n print(f\"Ad\u0131: {product['Ad\u0131']}, Fiyat\u0131: {product['Fiyat\u0131']}, Linki: {product['Linki']}\")\n\nfinally:\n driver.quit()\n\nprint(f\"\\nToplamda {len(all_products)} \u00fcr\u00fcn bilgisi \u00e7ekildi.\")\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6rnekte, sayfa kayd\u0131rma ile dinamik y\u00fcklenen \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bir while<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc kulland\u0131k. Sayfa y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece kayd\u0131rmaya devam ederek t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fcklenmesini bekledik. Ard\u0131ndan, her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kart\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 CSS selector'lar kullanarak ad\u0131, fiyat\u0131 ve linki \u00e7ektik. Fiyat gibi kritik verilerin ge\u00e7 y\u00fcklenme ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131, bu elementler i\u00e7in WebDriverWait<\/code> ile a\u00e7\u0131k bekleme kulland\u0131k.<\/p>\nUzman \u0130pucu: Web siteleri anti-bot \u00f6nlemleri alabilir. S\u00fcrekli ve h\u0131zl\u0131 istekler atmak yerine,
time.sleep()<\/code> ile rastgele gecikmeler eklemek, daha do\u011fal bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 taklit etmenizi ve engellenme riskinizi azaltman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ancak \u00e7ok fazla bekleme s\u00fcresi performans\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecektir.<\/div>\nBu vaka analizi, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131nda Selenium'u nas\u0131l uygulayabilece\u011fimize dair sa\u011flam bir temel sunuyor. Bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, daha ileri d\u00fczey teknikleri ve optimizasyon stratejilerini ele alarak, veri \u00e7ekme becerilerinizi bir \u00fcst seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri D\u00fczey Selenium Teknikleri ve Optimizasyon<\/h2>\n
Selenium ile temel veri \u00e7ekme ve otomasyon i\u015flemlerini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar\u0131 ele almak ve performans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011fimiz ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere odaklanal\u0131m. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, headless taray\u0131c\u0131lar, proxy ve user-agent y\u00f6netimi, hata y\u00f6netimi ve mobil uyumluluk gibi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
Headless Taray\u0131c\u0131lar ve Performans Art\u0131\u015f\u0131: G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez Otomasyon<\/h3>\n
Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Selenium bir taray\u0131c\u0131 penceresi a\u00e7ar ve t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri g\u00f6rsel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Bu, geli\u015ftirme a\u015famas\u0131nda ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olsa da, \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli veri \u00e7ekme i\u015flemlerinde gereksiz kaynak t\u00fcketimine neden olabilir. Headless taray\u0131c\u0131lar<\/b>, taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 grafik aray\u00fcz\u00fc olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yetene\u011fi sunar. Bu, \u00f6zellikle sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda veya ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekti\u011finde \u00f6nemli performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kaynak tasarrufu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Chrome i\u00e7in headless modu etkinle\u015ftirmek olduk\u00e7a basittir. ChromeOptions<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak taray\u0131c\u0131ya \"headless\" arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 eklemeniz yeterlidir:<\/p>\n <\/p>\nfrom selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options\n\nchromedriver_path = '.\/chromedriver.exe'\nservice = Service(executable_path=chromedriver_path)\n\nchrome_options = Options()\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--headless\") # Headless modunu etkinle\u015ftir\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--disable-gpu\") # GPU kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak (Linux'ta gerekli olabilir)\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--no-sandbox\") # G\u00fcvenlik nedenleriyle baz\u0131 sistemlerde gerekli olabilir\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)\n\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.whatismybrowser.com\/detect\/what-is-my-user-agent\")\nprint(f\"Headless Modda Sayfa Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: {driver.title}\")\nprint(f\"User-Agent: {driver.find_element(By.ID, 'detected_user_agent').text}\")\n\ndriver.quit()\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu kod, taray\u0131c\u0131 penceresi a\u00e7madan ayn\u0131 i\u015flemleri arka planda y\u00fcr\u00fctecek ve b\u00f6ylece daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha az kaynak t\u00fcketerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6zellikle bulut tabanl\u0131 sunucularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veri \u00e7ekme betikleri i\u00e7in kritik bir optimizasyondur.<\/p>\n
Proxy ve User-Agent Y\u00f6netimi: Kimli\u011finizi Gizleme<\/h3>\n
Web siteleri, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve otomatik istekleri tespit etmek i\u00e7in IP adresinizi ve User-Agent bilginizi kullanabilir. S\u0131k s\u0131k ayn\u0131 IP adresinden veya standart bir User-Agent ile istekler g\u00f6nderirseniz, siteler taraf\u0131ndan engellenebilirsiniz. Bu durumu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in proxy sunucular\u0131<\/b> ve User-Agent de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/b> tekniklerini kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n- \n
Proxy Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/b> Proxy sunucusu, isteklerinizi ba\u015fka bir IP adresi \u00fczerinden g\u00f6ndermenizi sa\u011flar. Bu, engellenme riskinizi azalt\u0131r ve farkl\u0131 co\u011frafi konumlardan verilere eri\u015fmenize olanak tan\u0131r. Proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 ChromeOptions<\/code> \u00fczerinden yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n <\/p>\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options\n\nchrome_options = Options()\nproxy = \"IP_ADRESI:PORT\" # \u00d6rne\u011fin: \"10.10.10.10:8888\"\n# E\u011fer kimlik do\u011frulamal\u0131 proxy kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, proxy eklentisi kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.\nchrome_options.add_argument(f'--proxy-server={proxy}')\n\n# Headless modu da ekleyelim\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--headless\")\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.whatismyip.com\/\") # IP adresinizi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in bir site\nprint(f\"Proxy ile \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan IP: {driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h1#your-ip').text}\")\ndriver.quit()\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag>\n <\/li>\n
- \n
User-Agent De\u011fi\u015ftirme:<\/b> User-Agent, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve i\u015fletim sisteminizin sunucuya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir kimlik bilgisidir. Varsay\u0131lan Selenium User-Agent'\u0131 kolayca tespit edilebilir. Daha yayg\u0131n bir taray\u0131c\u0131dan geliyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in User-Agent'\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options\n\nchrome_options = Options()\n# Pop\u00fcler bir Chrome User-Agent'\u0131\nuser_agent = \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/108.0.0.0 Safari\/537.36\"\nchrome_options.add_argument(f\"user-agent={user_agent}\")\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--headless\")\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.whatismybrowser.com\/detect\/what-is-my-user-agent\")\nprint(f\"De\u011fi\u015ftirilen User-Agent: {driver.find_element(By.ID, 'detected_user_agent').text}\")\ndriver.quit()\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bu teknikler, bot tespit sistemlerini atlatman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir ancak her zaman etik kurallara ve sitelerin kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun hareket etmeyi unutmamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Hata Y\u00f6netimi ve G\u00fcvenilir Kaz\u0131ma: Kesintisiz Veri Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h3>\n
Web kaz\u0131ma betikleri, a\u011f sorunlar\u0131, elementlerin bulunamamas\u0131 veya site yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki ani de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle hatalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. G\u00fcvenilir bir kaz\u0131ma beti\u011fi yazmak i\u00e7in hata y\u00f6netimi<\/b> mekanizmalar\u0131 eklemek kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Python'daki try-except<\/code> bloklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak olas\u0131 hatalar\u0131 yakalay\u0131p uygun \u015fekilde i\u015fleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\nfrom selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException\n\ntry:\n # Elementi bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\n element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \"nonExistentElement\")\n element.click()\nexcept NoSuchElementException:\n print(\"Hata: Element bulunamad\u0131!\")\nexcept TimeoutException:\n print(\"Hata: Bekleme s\u00fcresi a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, element y\u00fcklenmedi.\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f\"Beklenmeyen bir hata olu\u015ftu: {e}\")\nfinally:\n print(\"\u0130\u015flem tamamland\u0131 veya hata olu\u015ftu.\")\n # driver.quit() # Hata olu\u015fsa bile taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in iyi bir yer.\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, bir i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 durumunda yeniden deneme (retry) mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamak, beti\u011finizin daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir element bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 saniye bekleyip tekrar denemek gibi.<\/p>\n
Mobil Uyumluluk ve Responsive Sitelerde Veri \u00c7ekme: Her Cihazdan Veri<\/h3>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde web sitelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 responsive tasar\u0131ma sahiptir, yani farkl\u0131 ekran boyutlar\u0131na (masa\u00fcst\u00fc, tablet, mobil) uyum sa\u011flarlar. Veri \u00e7ekerken, sitenin mobil g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnden veri \u00e7ekmek isteyebilirsiniz. Selenium, taray\u0131c\u0131 penceresinin boyutunu ayarlayarak veya User-Agent'\u0131 mobil bir cihaz\u0131nkiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirerek bu durumu sim\u00fcle etmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Taray\u0131c\u0131 penceresini yeniden boyutland\u0131rma:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\ndriver.set_window_size(375, 812) # iPhone X boyutlar\u0131 (geni\u015flik, y\u00fckseklik)\n# Veya daha geli\u015fmi\u015f mobil em\u00fclasyon i\u00e7in:\n# chrome_options.add_experimental_option(\"mobileEmulation\", { \"deviceName\": \"iPhone X\" })\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Mobil uyumlu HTML'den bahsederken, web geli\u015ftiricileri genellikle CSS'in media query<\/b> \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullan\u0131r. Bu, farkl\u0131 ekran boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re stil kurallar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 sa\u011flar. Veri \u00e7ekerken bu bilgiyi anlamak, sitenin mobil versiyonunda hangi elementlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fini tahmin etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. \u0130\u015fte basit bir media query \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n\/* Varsay\u0131lan stil (masa\u00fcst\u00fc) *\/\n.content {\n width: 960px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n}\n\n\/* Ekran geni\u015fli\u011fi 768px veya daha az oldu\u011funda uygulanacak stil (tablet\/mobil) *\/\n@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {\n .content {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 10px;\n }\n .sidebar {\n display: none; \/* Mobil g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde yan men\u00fcy\u00fc gizle *\/\n }\n}\n<\/pre>\n<\/code><\/codetag><\/p>\n
Bu CSS kodu, ekran geni\u015fli\u011fi 768 pikselin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde .content<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na sahip elementin geni\u015fli\u011fini %100 yaparken, .sidebar<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na sahip elementleri gizler. Selenium ile veri \u00e7ekerken, pencere boyutunu mobil bir cihaz\u0131nki gibi ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, bu t\u00fcr CSS kurallar\u0131 devreye girecek ve sayfadaki elementlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc veya konumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, mobil versiyondan veri \u00e7ekmek istiyorsan\u0131z, element selector'lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 buna g\u00f6re test etmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\nSonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
Bu makale boyunca, Python ve Selenium k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini kullanarak dinamik web sitelerinden nas\u0131l veri \u00e7ekilece\u011fini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendik. Temel kurulumdan ba\u015flayarak, web elementlerini bulma ve onlarla etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7me, bekleme stratejileri ile dinamik i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6netme konular\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131k. Ayr\u0131ca, ger\u00e7ek bir e-ticaret sitesi senaryosu \u00fczerinden \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizi peki\u015ftirdik. Son olarak, headless taray\u0131c\u0131lar, proxy ve User-Agent y\u00f6netimi, hata y\u00f6netimi ve mobil uyumluluk gibi ileri d\u00fczey tekniklerle betiklerimizi daha verimli ve g\u00fcvenilir hale getirme yollar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettik.<\/p>\n
Selenium, modern web'in karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak, JavaScript ile y\u00fcklenen i\u00e7eriklere ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 etkile\u015fimlerine kolayca eri\u015fmenizi sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n ki, web kaz\u0131ma projelerinizde her zaman hedef sitenin robots.txt<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeli, etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Do\u011fru ara\u00e7lar ve tekniklerle, web'in sundu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z veri potansiyelini ke\u015ffedebilir ve projelerinize de\u011fer katabilirsiniz.<\/p>\nS\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h3>\nSelenium ile web kaz\u0131ma yasal m\u0131 ve etik mi?<\/h4>\n
Web kaz\u0131man\u0131n yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve eti\u011fi, \u00e7ekilen verinin t\u00fcr\u00fcne, sitenin kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve bulundu\u011funuz \u00fclkedeki yasalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Genel olarak, herkese a\u00e7\u0131k verileri \u00e7ekmek yasal olabilirken, ki\u015fisel verileri veya telif hakk\u0131 korunan i\u00e7erikleri \u00e7ekmek yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olabilir. Her zaman sitenin robots.txt<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 okuyun. Ayr\u0131ca, sunucuya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck bindirmemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterin ve kibar bir bot gibi davran\u0131n.<\/p>\nSelenium, Requests + BeautifulSoup ikilisine g\u00f6re ne zaman tercih edilmelidir?<\/h4>\n
Selenium, web sitelerindeki i\u00e7erik JavaScript ile dinamik olarak y\u00fcklendi\u011finde veya kullan\u0131c\u0131 etkile\u015fimi (t\u0131klama, form doldurma, kayd\u0131rma vb.) gerektiren durumlar i\u00e7in tercih edilmelidir. Requests + BeautifulSoup ise statik HTML i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip sitelerden veri \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kaynak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan verimli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. \u00d6zetle, dinamik i\u00e7erik veya etkile\u015fim = Selenium; statik i\u00e7erik = Requests + BeautifulSoup.<\/p>\n
Web kaz\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan \"Element Not Found\" hatas\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h4>\n
Bu hata genellikle elementin hen\u00fcz y\u00fcklenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak, Selenium'un bekleme stratejilerini (Implicit Waits veya Explicit Waits) kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u00d6zellikle WebDriverWait<\/code> ve expected_conditions<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile belirli bir ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini beklemek, bu t\u00fcr hatalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/p>\nVeri \u00e7ekerken IP adresimin engellenmesini nas\u0131l \u00f6nleyebilirim?<\/h4>\n
IP adresinizin engellenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n- Proxy kullan\u0131n:<\/b> \u0130steklerinizi farkl\u0131 IP adresleri \u00fczerinden g\u00f6ndererek tespit edilme riskini azalt\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- User-Agent de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/b> Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kimlik bilgisini s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek daha do\u011fal bir profil olu\u015fturun.<\/li>\n
- Rastgele gecikmeler ekleyin:<\/b>
time.sleep()<\/code> ile istekler aras\u0131na rastgele s\u00fcreler ekleyerek bot davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gizleyin.<\/li>\n- Headless modu kullan\u0131n:<\/b> Daha az kaynak t\u00fcketerek ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak sunucu y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- \u0130stek h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n:<\/b> Birim zamandaki istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00c7ekti\u011fim verileri hangi formatta kaydetmeliyim?<\/h4>\n
\u00c7ekti\u011finiz verileri genellikle CSV, JSON veya veritaban\u0131 formatlar\u0131nda kaydedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
\n- CSV:<\/b> Basit, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veriler i\u00e7in idealdir, Excel gibi programlarla kolayca a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- JSON:<\/b> Daha karma\u015f\u0131k, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f veri yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur, web uygulamalar\u0131yla entegrasyonu kolayd\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- Veritaban\u0131 (SQL\/NoSQL):<\/b> B\u00fcy\u00fck veri setleri ve s\u00fcrekli veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr, verilerin sorgulanmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi kolayla\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Se\u00e7iminiz, projenizin gereksinimlerine ve veriyi nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Modern web siteleri karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lar sunarken, statik veri \u00e7ekme y\u00f6ntemleri yetersiz kalabiliyor. Peki, dinamik i\u00e7eriklerle dolu bu sitelerden…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1403],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-33013","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-python","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
Selenium ve Python ile Dinamik Web Sitelerinden Veri \u00c7ekme Sanat\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modern web siteleri karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lar sunarken, statik veri \u00e7ekme y\u00f6ntemleri yetersiz kalabiliyor. Peki, dinamik i\u00e7eriklerle dolu bu sitelerden verileri nas\u0131l verimli ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde toplayabiliriz? Bu makale, Python ve Selenium k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini kullanarak web otomasyonu ve veri kaz\u0131ma tekniklerini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenmenizi sa\u011flayacak, b\u00f6ylece siz de web'in sonsuz veri havuzundan faydalanabileceksiniz.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/selenium-ve-python-ile-dinamik-web-sitelerinden-veri-cekme-sanati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium ve Python ile Dinamik Web Sitelerinden Veri \u00c7ekme Sanat\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Modern web siteleri karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lar sunarken, statik veri \u00e7ekme y\u00f6ntemleri yetersiz kalabiliyor. 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