{"id":32919,"date":"2025-10-27T10:41:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T07:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32919"},"modified":"2025-10-27T10:41:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T07:41:04","slug":"freebsd-10-2den-10-3e-yukseltme-adim-adim-teknik-rehber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/freebsd-10-2den-10-3e-yukseltme-adim-adim-teknik-rehber\/","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e Y\u00fckseltme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Teknik Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e Y\u00fckseltme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Teknik Rehber<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n

FreeBSD, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, esnek ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir i\u015fletim sistemi olup, sunuculardan g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc sistemlere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Stabilite, performans ve g\u00fcvenlik odakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131yla sistem y\u00f6neticileri ve geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Her i\u015fletim sistemi gibi FreeBSD de d\u00fczenli olarak yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle g\u00fcncellenir. Bu g\u00fcncellemeler, yeni \u00f6zellikler, performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri, g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 ve donan\u0131m deste\u011fi gibi bir\u00e7ok yenili\u011fi beraberinde getirir. Bu makale, \u00f6zellikle FreeBSD 10.2 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden 10.3 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak isteyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir teknik rehber sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. FreeBSD’nin 10.x serisi, g\u00fcncel olmasa da, bir\u00e7ok \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda hala kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olabilir veya eski sistemlerin g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekebilir. Bu rehber, hem kaynak koddan derleme (build from source) hem de freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131yla y\u00fckseltme y\u00f6ntemlerini kapsayacak, olas\u0131 sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunacak ve y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 detayland\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

FreeBSD S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri ve Ya\u015fam D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h3>\n

FreeBSD projesi, ana s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (Major Releases) ve noktadan sonraki s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (Point Releases) d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla yay\u0131nlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, FreeBSD 10.0, 10.1, 10.2 ve 10.3 bir ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm serisi olan 10’un nokta s\u00fcr\u00fcmleridir. Her ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm, belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca g\u00fcvenlik ve hata d\u00fczeltmeleri al\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcreye “End-of-Life” (EOL) veya “Destek Sonu” denir. FreeBSD 10.3, 10.x serisinin son noktadan sonraki s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr ve 31 Ocak 2017 tarihinde EOL olmu\u015ftur. Bu bilgi, y\u00fckseltme yapacak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n daha g\u00fcncel bir ana s\u00fcr\u00fcme (\u00f6rne\u011fin 11.x, 12.x veya 13.x) ge\u00e7meyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Ancak, bu makale \u00f6zel olarak 10.2’den 10.3’e ge\u00e7i\u015fe odaklanacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 senaryolarda (belirli bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, donan\u0131m uyumlulu\u011fu veya k\u0131sa vadeli bir ara y\u00fckseltme ihtiyac\u0131) bu ara ad\u0131m gerekli olabilir. Her y\u00fckseltme, sistemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Neden Y\u00fckseltmeliyiz?<\/h3>\n

FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e y\u00fckseltmenin birka\u00e7 temel nedeni vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • G\u00fcvenlik Yamalar\u0131:<\/b> 10.3 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, 10.2’den sonra ke\u015ffedilen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczeltmeleri i\u00e7erir. Her ne kadar 10.3 de EOL olsa da, 10.2’ye k\u0131yasla daha g\u00fcvenli bir temel sunar.<\/li>\n
  • Hata D\u00fczeltmeleri:<\/b> \u00d6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdeki kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve i\u015flevsellik sorunlar\u0131 10.3’te giderilmi\u015f olabilir.<\/li>\n
  • Performans \u0130yile\u015ftirmeleri:<\/b> \u00c7ekirdek ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 bile\u015fenlerindeki optimizasyonlar, genel sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\n
  • Donan\u0131m Deste\u011fi:<\/b> Yeni donan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in ek s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc deste\u011fi veya mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin iyile\u015ftirmeleri bu s\u00fcr\u00fcmde bulunabilir.<\/li>\n
  • Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Uyumlulu\u011fu:<\/b> Baz\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, belirli bir FreeBSD s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc veya daha yenisini gerektirebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu y\u00fckseltme, daha sonraki ana s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere (\u00f6rne\u011fin 10.3’ten 11.0’a) ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in bir ara ad\u0131m veya bir \u00f6n ko\u015ful da olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fckseltmeye Ba\u015flamadan \u00d6nce Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekenler<\/h2>\n

    Herhangi bir sistem y\u00fckseltmesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, FreeBSD y\u00fckseltmesi de dikkatli planlama ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k gerektirir. Bu ad\u0131mlar, y\u00fckseltme s\u00fcrecini sorunsuz hale getirecek ve olas\u0131 veri kayb\u0131 riskini minimize edecektir.<\/p>\n

    Sistem Yede\u011fi Almak<\/h3>\n

    Bu, y\u00fckseltme s\u00fcrecinin en kritik ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir beklenmedik durumda, sistemin \u00f6nceki stabil durumuna geri d\u00f6nebilmek i\u00e7in tam bir yede\u011fe sahip olmak hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • ZFS Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in:<\/b> E\u011fer ZFS kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler (snapshots) almak olduk\u00e7a kolay ve etkilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, zfs snapshot -r zroot@pre-upgrade-10.3<\/code> komutu ile t\u00fcm ZFS havuzunun bir anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc alabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
    • UFS Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in:<\/b> UFS veya di\u011fer dosya sistemlerini kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, dump<\/code> ve restore<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak dosya sistemi yedekleri alabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin: dump -0Lauf \/path\/to\/backup\/file \/dev\/ada0p2<\/code> (burada \/dev\/ada0p2<\/code> k\u00f6k dosya sisteminizin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr). Alternatif olarak, rsync<\/code> veya tar<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7larla \u00f6nemli dizinlerin (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc<\/code>, \/usr\/local<\/code>, \/var<\/code>, \/home<\/code>) yedeklerini harici bir depolama birimine alabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
    • Sanal Makine Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in:<\/b> E\u011fer sisteminiz bir sanal makinede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, sanal makinenin bir anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc (snapshot) almak veya t\u00fcm sanal diskin bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak en pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Yedeklerinizi ald\u0131ktan sonra, bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten geri y\u00fcklenebilir oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir test yapmak her zaman iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Sistem Durumunu Kontrol Etmek<\/h3>\n

      Y\u00fckseltmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sisteminizin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Disk Alan\u0131:<\/b> Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in yeterli disk alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun. \u00d6zellikle kaynak koddan derleme yapacaksan\u0131z \/usr<\/code> dizininde veya ge\u00e7ici dizinlerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/var\/tmp<\/code>) \u00f6nemli miktarda bo\u015f alan gerekecektir. En az 5-10 GB bo\u015f alan tavsiye edilir. df -h<\/code> komutu ile disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
      • Log Dosyalar\u0131:<\/b> \/var\/log<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek herhangi bir kritik hata veya uyar\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/li>\n
      • \u00c7ekirdek Durumu:<\/b> uname -a<\/code> komutu ile mevcut \u00e7ekirdek s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc kontrol edin. sysctl kern.version<\/code> de daha detayl\u0131 bilgi verecektir.<\/li>\n
      • A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> Y\u00fckseltme s\u0131ras\u0131nda internet ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n stabil oldu\u011fundan emin olun, \u00f6zellikle freebsd-update<\/code> veya kaynak kod indirme i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in bu gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Mevcut Sistemi G\u00fcncellemek<\/h3>\n

        Y\u00fckseltmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mevcut 10.2 sisteminizin en g\u00fcncel yamalara sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, ara ge\u00e7i\u015flerde olu\u015fabilecek uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir.
        \nfreebsd-update fetch install<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak 10.2 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz i\u00e7in mevcut t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik ve hata d\u00fczeltmelerini uygulay\u0131n. Gerekirse sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.
        \nAyr\u0131ca, y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 (ports veya packages arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) da g\u00fcncellemek faydal\u0131 olabilir:
        \npkg update && pkg upgrade<\/code><\/p>\n

        \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Parti Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmek<\/h3>\n

        \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar (Ports veya Packages arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurulanlar), y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131nda uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Paket Listesi:<\/b> Y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm paketlerin bir listesini al\u0131n: pkg prime-list > ~\/pkg-list.txt<\/code> veya pkg info > ~\/pkg-info.txt<\/code>. Bu liste, y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 paketleri yeniden kurman\u0131z gerekirse faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • Uyumluluk Kontrol\u00fc:<\/b> \u00d6zellikle kritik sunucu uygulamalar\u0131 (veritabanlar\u0131, web sunucular\u0131 vb.) kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bunlar\u0131n FreeBSD 10.3 ile uyumlu oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Gerekirse y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesinde veya sonras\u0131nda belirli paketleri yeniden derlemeniz veya g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir.<\/li>\n
        • Kald\u0131rma (Opsiyonel):<\/b> Baz\u0131 durumlarda, y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesi t\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti paketleri kald\u0131rmak (pkg delete -a<\/code>) ve y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 yeniden kurmak daha temiz bir yol olabilir. Ancak bu, \u00f6nemli bir kesinti s\u00fcresi gerektirecektir. Genellikle sadece sistem \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 y\u00fckseltildikten sonra pkg upgrade<\/code> yapmak yeterlidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Donan\u0131m Uyumlulu\u011fu<\/h3>\n

          FreeBSD 10.3, 10.2’den \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fark i\u00e7ermese de, yine de donan\u0131m s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinde veya \u00e7ekirdek mod\u00fcllerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olabilir. \u00d6zellikle eski veya \u00e7ok yeni donan\u0131mlar kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, FreeBSD 10.3’\u00fcn donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 destekledi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in FreeBSD web sitesindeki donan\u0131m uyumluluk listelerini kontrol etmek faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

          Y\u00fckseltme Plan\u0131 Olu\u015fturmak<\/h3>\n

          Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n olmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcretim sistemlerinde kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu plan, her ad\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131, beklenen \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131, olas\u0131 geri alma prosed\u00fcrlerini ve ileti\u015fim stratejilerini i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/p>\n

          Y\u00fckseltme Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n

          FreeBSD sistemlerini y\u00fckseltmenin iki ana y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r: freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131 kullan\u0131larak ikili paketlerden y\u00fckseltme ve kaynak koddan derleyerek y\u00fckseltme. Her iki y\u00f6ntemin de kendine g\u00f6re avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Kaynak Koddan Y\u00fckseltme<\/h3>\n

          Kaynak koddan y\u00fckseltme, FreeBSD’yi en esnek \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellemenizi sa\u011flar. \u00c7ekirdek ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131rma imkan\u0131 sunar. Ancak, daha fazla zaman al\u0131r ve daha fazla teknik bilgi gerektirir.<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler ve Haz\u0131rl\u0131k<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • Derleme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b> Sisteminizde derleme i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n (compiler, make, vb.) kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Genellikle src<\/code> da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kurdu\u011funuzda bunlar da gelir.<\/li>\n
          • Disk Alan\u0131:<\/b> \/usr\/src<\/code> dizini i\u00e7in kaynak kodlar\u0131 indirmek ve derleme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in \/usr\/obj<\/code> ve \/var\/tmp<\/code> dizinlerinde \u00f6nemli miktarda bo\u015f disk alan\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r (en az 10-15 GB).<\/li>\n
          • Internet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> Kaynak kodlar\u0131 indirmek i\u00e7in stabil bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Kaynak Kodlar\u0131 \u0130ndirme ve G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n

            \u00d6ncelikle, y\u00fckseltmek istedi\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn kaynak kodlar\u0131n\u0131 SVN veya Git arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla indirmeniz gerekir. FreeBSD 10.3 i\u00e7in genellikle SVN kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            \ncd \/usr\nsvn checkout https:\/\/svn.FreeBSD.org\/base\/release\/10.3\/ src\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            E\u011fer \/usr\/src<\/code> dizini zaten mevcutsa ve daha eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn kaynak kodlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyorsa, mevcut dizini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
            \ncd \/usr\/src\nsvn switch https:\/\/svn.FreeBSD.org\/base\/release\/10.3\/ .\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu komut, mevcut kaynak kod dizininizi 10.3 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ait kaynaklarla senkronize edecektir. Bu i\u015flem biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
            \u00c7ekirdek (Kernel) Olu\u015fturma ve Kurma<\/h4>\n
            Kaynak kodlar\u0131 indirdikten sonra, ilk ad\u0131m yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fi derlemektir.<\/p>\n
            \ncd \/usr\/src\nmake buildkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Burada KERNCONF=GENERIC<\/code> varsay\u0131lan \u00e7ekirde\u011fi derler. E\u011fer \u00f6zel bir \u00e7ekirdek yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z varsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/usr\/src\/sys\/amd64\/conf\/MYKERNEL<\/code>), KERNCONF=MYKERNEL<\/code> kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.
            \nDerleme tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fi kurun:<\/p>\n
            \nmake installkernel KERNCONF=GENERIC\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu ad\u0131m, mevcut \u00e7ekirde\u011finizi yedekleyip yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fi kurar. \u00c7ekirdek kurulumu tamamland\u0131ktan sonra sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir<\/em>. Bu, yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
            \nshutdown -r now\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Sistem yeni \u00e7ekirdekle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra uname -a<\/code> komutu ile \u00e7ekirdek s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 10.3-RELEASE olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
            Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Alan\u0131 (Userland) Olu\u015fturma ve Kurma<\/h4>\n
            Yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fin stabil \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olduktan sonra, kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 (userland) y\u00fckseltebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
            \ncd \/usr\/src\nmake buildworld\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            make buildworld<\/code> komutu t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 bile\u015fenlerini derler. Bu i\u015flem, sisteminizin donan\u0131m\u0131na ve kaynak kodun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcrebilir (birka\u00e7 saat).
            \nDerleme tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 kurun:<\/p>\n
            \nmake installworld\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu komut, yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 bile\u015fenlerini \/<\/code> dizinine ve di\u011fer uygun yerlere kopyalar.<\/p>\n
            Sistemi Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
            installworld<\/code> i\u015fleminden sonra, sistemin tamamen yeni bile\u015fenlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
            \nshutdown -r now\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            mergemaster<\/code> ile Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
            Y\u00fckseltme s\u0131ras\u0131nda sistem yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131nda (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki dosyalar) de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olabilir. mergemaster<\/code> arac\u0131, bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131zla birle\u015ftirmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
            \nmergemaster -p\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu komut, yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmdeki yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ile mevcut sisteminizdeki dosyalar aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 interaktif olarak g\u00f6sterir ve size her dosya i\u00e7in “install”, “delete”, “merge” veya “diff” gibi se\u00e7enekler sunar. mergemaster<\/code>‘\u0131 dikkatlice kullan\u0131n ve hangi de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za karar verirken dikkatli olun. Genellikle, \u00f6zel olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finiz dosyalar\u0131 korumak, yeni eklenenleri ise uygulamak istersiniz.
            \nmergemaster -i<\/code> komutu da interaktif olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
            \nT\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 birle\u015ftirdikten sonra, mergemaster<\/code>‘\u0131 tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekebilir (genellikle mergemaster<\/code> komutu kendisi bunu belirtir).
            \nSon olarak, mergemaster<\/code>‘\u0131 varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
            \nmergemaster\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Eski K\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri Temizleme<\/h4>\n
            Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, eski s\u00fcr\u00fcme ait k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler sistemde kalm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bunlar\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in make delete-old<\/code> ve make delete-old-libs<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
            \ncd \/usr\/src\nmake delete-old\nmake delete-old-libs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            Bu komutlar, yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmde art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmayan veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilen eski k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri ve dosyalar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
            freebsd-update<\/code> ile Y\u00fckseltme<\/h3>\n
            freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131, FreeBSD’yi ikili paketler (binary updates) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fckseltmenin en basit ve \u00f6nerilen yoludur. Genellikle daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha az teknik bilgi gerektirir.<\/p>\n
            Gereksinimler ve Haz\u0131rl\u0131k<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • Internet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> freebsd-update<\/code> sunucular\u0131ndan g\u00fcncelleme paketlerini indirmek i\u00e7in stabil bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gereklidir.<\/li>\n
            • Disk Alan\u0131:<\/b> Ge\u00e7ici dosyalar ve g\u00fcncelleme paketleri i\u00e7in yeterli disk alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun (en az 2-3 GB).<\/li>\n
            • Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131:<\/b> \/etc\/freebsd-update.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda UpdateHost<\/code> ve Components<\/code> ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Varsay\u0131lan ayarlar genellikle yeterlidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              Y\u00fckseltme S\u00fcreci<\/h4>\n
              \u0130lk ad\u0131m, freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak y\u00fckseltme paketlerini indirmektir.<\/p>\n
              \nfreebsd-update upgrade -r 10.3-RELEASE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Bu komut, sisteminizi 10.2’den 10.3-RELEASE s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan t\u00fcm yamalar\u0131 ve paketleri indirir. freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131, mevcut sisteminizdeki yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ile yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmdeki dosyalar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 analiz edecek ve size bir \u00f6zet sunacakt\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada, sistemde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri dikkatlice inceleyin.
              \nE\u011fer freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131 herhangi bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda (\u00f6zellikle \/etc<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki dosyalar) bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespit ederse, size bu dosyalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini bildirecektir. Bu durumda, mergemaster<\/code> benzeri bir aray\u00fczle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Her dosya i\u00e7in d<\/code> (delete), i<\/code> (install), m<\/code> (merge) veya v<\/code> (view diff) se\u00e7eneklerini kullanarak karar vermeniz gerekecektir. Genellikle, kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri korumak ve yeni eklenen varsay\u0131lanlar\u0131 kabul etmek istersiniz.<\/p>\n
              Y\u00fckseltmeyi Uygulama<\/h4>\n
              Paketler indirildikten ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 birle\u015ftirildikten sonra, y\u00fckseltmeyi sisteminize uygulayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
              \nfreebsd-update install\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Bu komut, yeni \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 bile\u015fenlerini kurar. \u0130lk install<\/code> komutundan sonra, sistemin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 istenir.<\/p>\n
              Sistemi Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
              Yeni \u00e7ekirdek y\u00fcklendikten sonra, sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
              \nshutdown -r now\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Y\u00fckseltmeyi Sonland\u0131rma<\/h4>\n
              Sistem yeni \u00e7ekirdekle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, freebsd-update install<\/code> komutunu bir kez daha \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 bile\u015fenlerinin geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 ve sistem k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini g\u00fcncelleyecektir.<\/p>\n
              \nfreebsd-update install\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Bu ikinci install<\/code> komutundan sonra, freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131 size \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti paketlerin yeniden derlenmesi veya g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekti\u011fini bildirebilir.<\/p>\n
              Eski K\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri Temizleme<\/h4>\n
              T\u00fcm y\u00fckseltme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, eski s\u00fcr\u00fcme ait k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri temizlemek i\u00e7in freebsd-update<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
              \nfreebsd-update install\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Bu komut, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eski ve art\u0131k gerekmeyen payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri sistemden kald\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
              Y\u00fckseltme Sonras\u0131 \u0130\u015flemler<\/h2>\n
              Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, sistemin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak ve performans\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ek ad\u0131mlar atman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
              Sistem Durumunu Kontrol Etme<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol\u00fc:<\/b> uname -a<\/code> komutu ile sistemin ger\u00e7ekten 10.3-RELEASE olarak y\u00fckseltildi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
              • Log Kontrol\u00fc:<\/b> \/var\/log<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 herhangi bir hata veya uyar\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin. \u00d6zellikle dmesg<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n
              • Servis Durumlar\u0131:<\/b> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereken t\u00fcm servislerin (web sunucusu, veritaban\u0131, SSH vb.) d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. service -e<\/code> veya sockstat -l<\/code> gibi komutlarla kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
              • A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> A\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Parti Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n
                Y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yeni sisteme uyumlu oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
                \npkg update && pkg upgrade\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                Bu komut, y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm paketleri yeni FreeBSD 10.3 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in derlenmi\u015f paketlere g\u00fcncelleyecektir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, eski paketlerin tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p yeniden kurulmas\u0131 gerekebilir. \u00d6zellikle kaynak koddan y\u00fckseltme yapt\u0131ysan\u0131z, t\u00fcm paketlerinizi yeniden derlemeniz (portmaster veya portsnap ile) veya pkg delete -a && pkg install pkg && pkg prime-list | xargs pkg install -y<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla yeniden kurman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
                Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irme<\/h3>\n
                mergemaster<\/code> veya freebsd-update<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda birle\u015ftirme yap\u0131lan \/etc<\/code> dizinindeki yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin. Herhangi bir \u00f6zel ayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kaybolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
                Performans Kontrolleri<\/h3>\n
                Y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 sistemin beklenen performans\u0131 sergiledi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in temel performans testleri yap\u0131n. \u00d6zellikle I\/O, a\u011f ve CPU yo\u011fun uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, bunlar\u0131n beklenen h\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
                Olas\u0131 Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n
                Y\u00fckseltme s\u00fcreci her zaman sorunsuz ge\u00e7meyebilir. \u0130\u015fte kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve potansiyel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
                freebsd-update<\/code> Hatalar\u0131<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • “No updates available” veya “Failed to fetch updates”:<\/b> Internet ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin. \/etc\/freebsd-update.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki UpdateHost<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Ayr\u0131ca, FreeBSD’nin 10.3 i\u00e7in g\u00fcncelleme sunucular\u0131n\u0131n hala aktif olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (FreeBSD 10.3 EOL oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu bir sorun olabilir).<\/li>\n
                • Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 \u00c7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131:<\/b> freebsd-update<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 birle\u015ftirilirken dikkatli olun. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir se\u00e7im, sistemin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Gerekirse yedekten geri d\u00f6n\u00fcn veya elle d\u00fczeltin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  Kaynak Koddan Y\u00fckseltme Hatalar\u0131<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • Derleme Hatalar\u0131 (make buildkernel<\/code>, make buildworld<\/code>):<\/b> Genellikle eksik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klardan veya yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmadan kaynaklan\u0131r. Hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice okuyun. Yeterli disk alan\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n
                  • installkernel<\/code> veya installworld<\/code> Hatalar\u0131:<\/b> Diskte yeterli bo\u015f alan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya izin sorunlar\u0131 oldu\u011funda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \u00c7ekirdek Panikleri (Kernel Panics)<\/h3>\n
                    Yeni \u00e7ekirdek ile sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken bir \u00e7ekirdek pani\u011fi ya\u015fan\u0131rsa, bu genellikle donan\u0131m uyumsuzlu\u011fu, hatal\u0131 bir \u00e7ekirdek yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 veya bozuk bir \u00e7ekirdek derlemesinden kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/b> Sistemi tek kullan\u0131c\u0131 modunda (single-user mode) ba\u015flatmay\u0131 deneyin. FreeBSD boot men\u00fcs\u00fcnden “Escape to loader prompt” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek veya boot -s<\/code> komutu ile ba\u015flatabilirsiniz. Tek kullan\u0131c\u0131 modunda, eski \u00e7ekirde\u011fi geri y\u00fcklemeyi deneyin (e\u011fer yedeklenmi\u015fse) veya \u00e7ekirdek yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/li>\n
                    • Yedekten Geri D\u00f6nme:<\/b> E\u011fer hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u015fe yaramazsa, y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z sistem yede\u011finden geri d\u00f6nmek en g\u00fcvenli se\u00e7enektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      A\u011f Sorunlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
                      Y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z kesilirse, ifconfig<\/code> komutu ile a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinin durumunu kontrol edin. \/etc\/rc.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Yeni \u00e7ekirdekte eski a\u011f s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f veya kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ihtimali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ancak yine de kontrol etmekte fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
                      Uygulama Uyumlulu\u011fu Sorunlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
                      Baz\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti uygulamalar, yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmdeki k\u00fct\u00fcphane de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayabilir.<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/b> pkg update && pkg upgrade<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak t\u00fcm paketleri g\u00fcncelleyin. E\u011fer sorun devam ederse, sorunlu uygulamay\u0131 yeniden kurmay\u0131 veya portlardan yeniden derlemeyi deneyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        Yedekten Geri D\u00f6nme<\/h3>\n
                        E\u011fer y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi kritik hatalarla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r ve d\u00fczeltilemezse, y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yedekten geri d\u00f6nmek tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcvenilir ve test edilmi\u015f bir yede\u011fe sahip olmak hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. ZFS anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri bu konuda b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. UFS kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in dump<\/code>\/restore<\/code> veya rsync<\/code> ile al\u0131nan yedekler de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
                        Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
                        FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e y\u00fckseltme, sisteminizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu rehberde ele al\u0131nan iki ana y\u00f6ntem (freebsd-update<\/code> ve kaynak koddan derleme) de ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fckseltme yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r, ancak her birinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc gereksinimleri ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r. freebsd-update<\/code> genellikle daha basit ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunarken, kaynak koddan derleme daha fazla kontrol ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
                        \u00d6zet ve \u00d6nemli Notlar<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • Yedekleme Her \u015eeydir:<\/b> Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mutlaka tam bir sistem yede\u011fi al\u0131n ve bu yede\u011fin geri y\u00fcklenebilir oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
                        • Planlama:<\/b> Detayl\u0131 bir y\u00fckseltme plan\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve her ad\u0131m\u0131 dikkatlice takip edin.<\/li>\n
                        • G\u00fcncel Kal\u0131n:<\/b> Y\u00fckseltme \u00f6ncesinde mevcut sisteminizi en g\u00fcncel yamalarla g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/li>\n
                        • Dikkatli Olun:<\/b> mergemaster<\/code> veya freebsd-update<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirirken dikkatli olun. Bilmedi\u011finiz de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kabul etmeden \u00f6nce ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n
                        • Test Edin:<\/b> Y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 sistemin ve t\u00fcm kritik servislerin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 testler yap\u0131n.<\/li>\n
                        • Paketleri G\u00fcncelleyin:<\/b> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckseltme sonras\u0131 mutlaka g\u00fcncelleyin veya yeniden derleyin.<\/li>\n
                        • Daha \u0130leriye Gitmeyi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn:<\/b> FreeBSD 10.3 EOL oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu y\u00fckseltme sadece ge\u00e7ici bir ad\u0131m olabilir. Uzun vadede, daha g\u00fcncel bir FreeBSD ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne (\u00f6rn. 11.x, 12.x veya 13.x) y\u00fckseltmeyi planlaman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          Bu teknik rehber, FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca detayl\u0131 ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip ederek ve gerekli \u00f6nlemleri alarak, sisteminizi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckseltebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, herhangi bir sunucu veya \u00fcretim sistemi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler her zaman risk ta\u015f\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden daima dikkatli ve haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olun.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 10.2’den 10.3’e Y\u00fckseltme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Teknik Rehber\nGiri\u015f\nFreeBSD, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, esnek ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir i\u015fletim sistemi olup, sunucula","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32919","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nFreeBSD 10.2'den 10.3'e Y\u00fckseltme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Teknik Rehber - 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