{"id":32769,"date":"2025-10-25T19:41:09","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T16:41:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32769"},"modified":"2025-10-25T19:41:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T16:41:09","slug":"debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Linux sunucu y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (CLI) a\u015fina olmayan veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6revlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak isteyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in bazen karma\u015f\u0131k ve zaman al\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Webmin, bu zorluklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, web tabanl\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir sunucu y\u00f6netim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Debian 10 (Buster) i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine Webmin’in nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyecek, kurulum sonras\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, ister deneyimli bir sistem y\u00f6neticisi olun ister Linux d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yeni ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f bir kullan\u0131c\u0131, Webmin’i sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde kurup kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Webmin Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

Webmin, Unix benzeri sistemlerin y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fccretsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir kontrol panelidir. Bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilen kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir aray\u00fcz sunarak, sunucu \u00fczerindeki bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revini basitle\u015ftirir. Webmin sayesinde, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisine ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilir, Apache, Nginx, MySQL, PostgreSQL gibi servisleri yap\u0131land\u0131rabilir, DNS ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilir, paketleri kurup kald\u0131rabilir ve daha bir\u00e7ok i\u015flemi kolayca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Webmin kullanman\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Kullan\u0131m Kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Sezgisel web aray\u00fcz\u00fc sayesinde karma\u015f\u0131k komutlar\u0131 ezberlemeye gerek kalmaz.
\n* Zaman Tasarrufu:<\/strong> Rutin y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revleri grafik aray\u00fcz \u00fczerinden \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 tamamlanabilir.
\n* Uzaktan Y\u00f6netim:<\/strong> \u0130nternet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan herhangi bir yerden sunucunuza g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde eri\u015febilir ve y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.
\n* Geni\u015f Mod\u00fcl Deste\u011fi:<\/strong> \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nceden y\u00fcklenmi\u015f mod\u00fcl ile geni\u015f bir yelpazede servis ve ayar\u0131 y\u00f6netme imkan\u0131 sunar. Ayr\u0131ca, ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ek mod\u00fcller de kurulabilir.
\n* G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesi ile g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flar ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 tabanl\u0131 eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc sunar.
\n* Esneklik:<\/strong> \u00c7o\u011fu Linux\/Unix da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131yla uyumludur ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sunucu servislerini destekler.<\/p>\n

Debian 10 (Buster), kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve geni\u015f paket deposuyla bilinen pop\u00fcler bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Webmin’in Debian 10 ile sorunsuz entegrasyonu, bu ikilinin sunucu y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kombinasyon olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Webmin kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n

* Debian 10 (Buster) Kurulu Bir Sunucu:<\/strong> Fiziksel bir sunucu, sanal makine (VM), VPS (Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu) veya bulut sunucu olabilir.
\n* Root Eri\u015fimi veya Sudo Yetkisine Sahip Bir Kullan\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> Kurulum i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sistem \u00fczerinde y\u00f6netici ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak do\u011frudan oturum a\u00e7abilir veya sudo<\/code> yetkisi olan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.
\n* Stabil \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Webmin paketlerini ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 indirmek i\u00e7in sunucunuzun aktif bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n* Temel Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Bilgisi:<\/strong> Kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131 komut sat\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir, bu nedenle temel Linux komutlar\u0131na a\u015fina olmak faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n* Sistemin G\u00fcncel Olmas\u0131:<\/strong> En iyi uygulama olarak, herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumundan \u00f6nce sisteminizin paketlerini g\u00fcncellemeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n

Bu gereksinimler kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra, Webmin kurulumuna ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Kurulum Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n

Webmin’i Debian 10 \u00fczerine kurman\u0131n birka\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6nerilen y\u00f6ntem, Webmin’in kendi APT deposunu kullanarak kurulum yapmakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, gelecekteki g\u00fcncellemeleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Alternatif olarak, .deb<\/code> paketini manuel olarak indirip kurabilirsiniz, ancak bu y\u00f6ntem ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan biraz daha fazla dikkat gerektirebilir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6ntem 1: Webmin APT Deposu Kullanarak Kurulum (\u00d6nerilen Y\u00f6ntem)<\/h4>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem, Webmin’i sisteminizin paket y\u00f6neticisi (APT) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, en kolay ve en s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir y\u00f6ntemdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Webmin g\u00fcncellemeleri de standart sistem g\u00fcncellemeleriyle birlikte otomatik olarak al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: Sistem Paketlerini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h5>\n

Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyip mevcut paketleri y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve en g\u00fcncel g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
sudo apt update<\/code> komutu, sisteminizin depolar\u0131ndaki paket listelerini g\u00fcnceller. sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code> komutu ise, indirilen yeni paket listelerine g\u00f6re mevcut t\u00fcm kurulu paketleri y\u00fckseltir. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verilmesini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi kesintisiz devam eder.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Gerekli Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 Kurma<\/h5>\n
Webmin deposunu sisteminize eklemek ve GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131 paketlere ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install software-properties-common apt-transport-https wget -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   software-properties-common<\/code>: Depo ekleme ve y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   apt-transport-https<\/code>: APT’nin HTTPS protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden depo eri\u015fimi sa\u011flamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenli depo ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n*   wget<\/code>: Uzak sunuculardan dosya indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pop\u00fcler bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Webmin’in GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 indirmek i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Bu paketler, Webmin deposunu g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde eklememiz i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: Webmin GPG Anahtar\u0131n\u0131 Ekleme<\/h5>\n
Bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m deposu eklerken, o deponun paketlerinin ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fcvenilir bir kaynaktan geldi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in genellikle bir GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) anahtar\u0131 eklemeniz gerekir. Bu anahtar, indirilen paketlerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve orijinalli\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
wget -q http:\/\/www.webmin.com\/jcameron-key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut:
\n*   wget -q http:\/\/www.webmin.com\/jcameron-key.asc<\/code>: Webmin’in geli\u015ftiricisi Jamie Cameron’a ait GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sessizce (-q<\/code>) indirir.
\n*   -O-<\/code>: \u0130ndirilen i\u00e7eri\u011fi standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ya (stdout) y\u00f6nlendirir.
\n*   |<\/code>: \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 bir sonraki komuta borular (pipe).
\n*   sudo apt-key add -<\/code>: Standart girdiden (-<\/code>) okudu\u011fu GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sistemin g\u00fcvenilir anahtar listesine ekler.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131m, Webmin deposundan indirilecek paketlerin g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu APT’ye bildirir. Anahtar ba\u015far\u0131yla eklendi\u011finde genellikle herhangi bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 olmaz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Webmin Deposunu sources.list’e Ekleme<\/h5>\n
\u015eimdi, APT’ye Webmin paketlerini nereden bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. Bunun i\u00e7in, Webmin deposunu sisteminizin sources.list.d<\/code> dizinine yeni bir dosya olarak ekleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
echo \"deb http:\/\/download.webmin.com\/download\/repository sarge contrib\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/webmin.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   echo \"deb http:\/\/download.webmin.com\/download\/repository sarge contrib\"<\/code>: Webmin depo sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ya yazar. sarge<\/code> burada Debian’\u0131n eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etse de, Webmin deposu genellikle bu etiketi t\u00fcm Debian tabanl\u0131 sistemler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. contrib<\/code> ise \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmayan ama \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarla birlikte da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan paketleri ifade eder.
\n*   | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/webmin.list<\/code>: echo<\/code> komutunun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131yla \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/webmin.list<\/code> dosyas\u0131na yazar. tee<\/code> komutu hem standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ya yazar hem de belirtilen dosyaya kaydeder.<\/p>\n
Bu komut, Webmin paketlerinin indirilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli depo bilgisini sisteminize ekler.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Paket Listesini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h5>\n
Yeni eklenen depoyu APT’nin tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in paket listesini tekrar g\u00fcncellememiz gerekir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Webmin deposundaki paket bilgilerini de indirerek APT’nin Webmin paketini bulabilmesini sa\u011flar. G\u00fcncelleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda Webmin deposundan paket listelerinin ba\u015far\u0131yla indirildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: Webmin’i Kurma<\/h5>\n
Art\u0131k her \u015fey haz\u0131r oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Webmin paketini kurabiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install webmin -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Webmin’i ve gerekli t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize kurar. Kurulum s\u00fcreci biraz zaman alabilir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Webmin’in varsay\u0131lan olarak 10000 numaral\u0131 port \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir web aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu bildiren bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 (kurulumun sonunda):<\/p>\n
Webmin install complete. You can now login to https:\/\/your_server_ip:10000\/\nas root with your root password, or as any user who can use sudo.<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Webmin’in ba\u015far\u0131yla kuruldu\u011funu ve eri\u015fim adresini belirtir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6ntem 2: .deb Paketi \u0130le Manuel Kurulum (Alternatif Y\u00f6ntem)<\/h4>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, Webmin’in resmi web sitesinden .deb<\/code> paketini indirip manuel olarak kurmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Genellikle Webmin deposuna eri\u015fim sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya belirli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kurmak istendi\u011finde tercih edilir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Gerekli Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 Kurma<\/h5>\n
Webmin, Perl tabanl\u0131 bir uygulama oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, manuel kurulumdan \u00f6nce baz\u0131 Perl mod\u00fcllerinin ve di\u011fer temel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo apt install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libio-pty-perl apt libapt-pkg-perl -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Webmin’in d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan Perl k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckler.
\n*   perl<\/code>: Perl yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.
\n*   libnet-ssleay-perl<\/code>, openssl<\/code>: SSL\/TLS \u015fifrelemesi i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcller.
\n*   libauthen-pam-perl<\/code>: PAM (Tak\u0131labilir Kimlik Do\u011frulama Mod\u00fclleri) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in.
\n*   libio-pty-perl<\/code>: Terminal em\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in.
\n*   apt<\/code>, libapt-pkg-perl<\/code>: APT paket y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili i\u015flevler i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Webmin .deb Paketini \u0130ndirme<\/h5>\n
\u015eimdi Webmin’in en g\u00fcncel .deb<\/code> paketini resmi web sitesinden indirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
wget http:\/\/www.webmin.com\/download\/webmin_current_all.deb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Webmin’in en g\u00fcncel kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren .deb<\/code> paketini mevcut dizininize indirir.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: .deb Paketini Kurma<\/h5>\n
\u0130ndirilen .deb<\/code> paketini dpkg<\/code> komutu ile kurabiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo dpkg --install webmin_current_all.deb<\/code><\/pre>\n
dpkg<\/code> (Debian Package) komutu, .deb<\/code> paketlerini do\u011frudan y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak dpkg<\/code>, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 otomatik olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmez. E\u011fer bu komut ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k hatalar\u0131 verirse (ki bu olduk\u00e7a olas\u0131d\u0131r), a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak eksik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 otomatik olarak kurdurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt --fix-broken install<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, dpkg<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen t\u00fcm eksik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 APT deposundan indirir ve kurar. Bu i\u015flemi tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Webmin kurulumu da tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Webmin Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h3>\n
Webmin kurulumu tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netim aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Webmin Kontrol Paneline Eri\u015fme<\/h4>\n
Webmin, varsay\u0131lan olarak 10000 numaral\u0131 port \u00fczerinden HTTPS protokol\u00fc kullanarak hizmet verir. Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres \u00e7ubu\u011funa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adresi yazarak eri\u015febilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/sunucu_ip_adresi:10000<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya e\u011fer bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131z varsa ve DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/alan_adiniz:10000<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130lk eri\u015fiminizde, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z muhtemelen bir “G\u00fcvenli De\u011fil” veya “Gizlilik Uyar\u0131s\u0131” verecektir. Bunun nedeni, Webmin’in varsay\u0131lan olarak kendi kendine imzal\u0131 (self-signed) bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sertifika, taray\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenilir bir otorite taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu uyar\u0131y\u0131 verir. Bu normaldir ve ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z yine de \u015fifrelidir. Uyar\u0131y\u0131 kabul edip devam edebilirsiniz. Daha sonra, Let’s Encrypt gibi bir hizmetle ge\u00e7erli bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 alarak bu uyar\u0131y\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak kald\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Giri\u015f ekran\u0131nda sizden kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre istenecektir. Debian sistemlerinde, Webmin’e genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kimlik bilgileriyle giri\u015f yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131:<\/strong> root<\/code> ve root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresi.
\n*   Alternatif:<\/strong> sudo<\/code> yetkisine sahip herhangi bir sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve o kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Webmin kontrol panelinin ana ekran\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu ekran, sisteminizin genel durumu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren bir g\u00f6sterge tablosu sunar.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (UFW)<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (firewall) etkinse, Webmin’e d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in 10000 numaral\u0131 portu a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekebilir. Debian sistemlerinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 arac\u0131 UFW’dir (Uncomplicated Firewall).<\/p>\n
E\u011fer UFW kurulu de\u011filse, kurun:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install ufw -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Webmin’in varsay\u0131lan portu olan 10000’i a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 10000\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirin (e\u011fer daha \u00f6nce etkinle\u015ftirilmemi\u015fse):<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, UFW’yi ba\u015flat\u0131r ve sistem yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce SSH portunuzun (varsay\u0131lan 22) a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun, aksi takdirde sunucunuzla ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z kesilebilir.<\/p>\n
UFW durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da 10000\/tcp portunun “ALLOW” olarak listelendi\u011fini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Kurulum Sonras\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n
Webmin’e ba\u015far\u0131yla giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, aray\u00fczde gezinmek ve baz\u0131 temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapmak isteyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Webmin Aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde Gezinme<\/h4>\n
Webmin’in sol taraf\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 y\u00f6netim kategorilerini i\u00e7eren bir men\u00fc bulunur:
\n*   System (Sistem):<\/strong> Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve gruplar, disk ve a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri, yedekleme ve kurtarma gibi sistem d\u00fczeyindeki g\u00f6revleri y\u00f6netir.
\n*   Servers (Sunucular):<\/strong> Apache, Nginx, MySQL, PostgreSQL, FTP, DNS gibi y\u00fckl\u00fc sunucu servislerini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131r.
\n*   Networking (A\u011f):<\/strong> A\u011f aray\u00fczleri, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, bant geni\u015fli\u011fi izleme gibi a\u011f ile ilgili ayarlar\u0131 y\u00f6netir.
\n*   Hardware (Donan\u0131m):<\/strong> Yaz\u0131c\u0131lar, disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri gibi donan\u0131m ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir.
\n*   Cluster (K\u00fcme):<\/strong> Birden fazla sunucuyu y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n*   Others (Di\u011fer):<\/strong> Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 kabu\u011fu, Perl mod\u00fclleri, Webmin mod\u00fclleri gibi ek ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Ana ekran (Dashboard), sistem kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n (CPU, RAM, disk) kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servisleri ve sistem bilgilerini \u00f6zetler.<\/p>\n
Webmin G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
Webmin’i g\u00fcncel tutmak, g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 ve yeni \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. E\u011fer Webmin’i APT deposu \u00fczerinden kurduysan\u0131z, standart sistem g\u00fcncelleme komutlar\u0131yla Webmin’i de g\u00fcncelleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Alternatif olarak, Webmin aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinden de g\u00fcncelleme yapabilirsiniz: Webmin<\/code> -> Webmin Configuration<\/code> -> Upgrade Webmin<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne giderek g\u00fcncellemeleri kontrol edebilir ve uygulayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Varsay\u0131lan Portu De\u011fi\u015ftirme (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla, Webmin’in varsay\u0131lan 10000 portunu farkl\u0131 bir porta ta\u015f\u0131mak isteyebilirsiniz. Bu, potansiyel sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n varsay\u0131lan portu taramas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.  Webmin aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde sol men\u00fcden Webmin<\/code> -> Webmin Configuration<\/code> (Webmin Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131) se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2.  Ports and Addresses<\/code> (Portlar ve Adresler) simgesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n3.  Listen on port<\/code> (\u015eu portu dinle) alan\u0131ndaki 10000 de\u011ferini istedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka bir port numaras\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 20000 veya 12345).
\n4.  Save<\/code> (Kaydet) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Webmin otomatik olarak yeni port \u00fczerinden yeniden ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Yeni portu kullanmak i\u00e7in taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres \u00e7ubu\u011funu da g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zda (UFW) yeni portu a\u00e7may\u0131 unutmay\u0131n: sudo ufw allow yeni_port_numaras\u0131\/tcp<\/code>.<\/p>\n
SSL Sertifikas\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Let’s Encrypt)<\/h4>\n
Daha \u00f6nce bahsedildi\u011fi gibi, Webmin varsay\u0131lan olarak kendi kendine imzal\u0131 bir sertifika kullan\u0131r. Taray\u0131c\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmak ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt ile \u00fccretsiz, g\u00fcvenilir bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1.  Webmin aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde sol men\u00fcden Webmin<\/code> -> Webmin Configuration<\/code> (Webmin Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131) se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n2.  SSL Encryption<\/code> (SSL \u015eifrelemesi) simgesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n3.  Let's Encrypt<\/code> sekmesine gidin.
\n4.  Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve di\u011fer gerekli bilgileri (e-posta adresi gibi) girin. Webmin, sertifikay\u0131 otomatik olarak alacak ve yap\u0131land\u0131racakt\u0131r.
\n5.  Sertifikan\u0131n otomatik olarak yenilenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli ayarlar\u0131 da yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Webmin’e alan ad\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinden eri\u015fti\u011finizde taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z art\u0131k g\u00fcvenlik uyar\u0131s\u0131 vermeyecektir ve ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z tam olarak g\u00fcvenli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n
Webmin, hem sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmenize hem de Webmin’e \u00f6zel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.
\n*   Sistem Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> System<\/code> -> Users and Groups<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden mevcut sistem kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir, yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturabilir ve \u015fifrelerini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.
\n*   Webmin Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Webmin<\/code> -> Webmin Users<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden Webmin’e \u00f6zel giri\u015f yapacak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lara, Webmin mod\u00fcllerine ve \u00f6zelliklerine belirli eri\u015fim yetkileri atayarak, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sadece MySQL veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetkisi verebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
Webmin kurulumu ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
Webmin Eri\u015filemiyor (Ba\u011flant\u0131 Hatas\u0131)<\/h4>\n
*   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> En yayg\u0131n nedenlerden biri g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n 10000 numaral\u0131 portu engellemesidir. Yukar\u0131daki “G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek portun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   Webmin Servisi \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/strong> Webmin servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status webmin<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa, ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start webmin<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable webmin<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   IP Adresi\/Alan Ad\u0131:<\/strong> Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n*   Port Numaras\u0131:<\/strong> Webmin’in varsay\u0131lan portu olan 10000’i veya de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz yeni port numaras\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ersiz GPG Anahtar\u0131 Hatas\u0131<\/h4>\n
sudo apt update<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda “NO_PUBKEY” veya “INVALIDARG” gibi hatalar al\u0131yorsan\u0131z, GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru eklenmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n*   Ad\u0131m 3’teki wget -q http:\/\/www.webmin.com\/jcameron-key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -<\/code> komutunu dikkatlice tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.
\n*   Sisteminizdeki GPG anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in sudo apt-key list<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Sorunlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Manuel .deb<\/code> kurulumunda veya bazen APT kurulumunda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir.
\n*   sudo apt --fix-broken install<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak eksik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 otomatik olarak kurmay\u0131 deneyin.
\n*   E\u011fer manuel kurulum yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z, Y\u00f6ntem 2’nin Ad\u0131m 1’indeki t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Sertifika Uyar\u0131s\u0131<\/h4>\n
Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n “G\u00fcvenli De\u011fil” veya “Gizlilik Uyar\u0131s\u0131” vermesi, Webmin’in kendi kendine imzal\u0131 bir SSL sertifikas\u0131 kullanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.
\n*   Bu normaldir ve g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in uyar\u0131y\u0131 kabul edip devam edebilirsiniz.
\n*   Kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki “SSL Sertifikas\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Let’s Encrypt)” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek ge\u00e7erli bir sertifika kurun.<\/p>\n
Webmin Yava\u015f \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/h4>\n
*   Sunucunuzun kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 (CPU, RAM) kontrol edin. Webmin’in kendisi hafif olsa da, sunucu \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer yo\u011fun uygulamalar performans\u0131 etkileyebilir.
\n*   Webmin’in kendi webmin<\/code> servisini yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 deneyin: sudo systemctl restart webmin<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Debian 10 (Buster) i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine Webmin’in nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Webmin’in sundu\u011fu web tabanl\u0131 aray\u00fcz sayesinde, Linux sunucu y\u00f6netimi art\u0131k komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi gerektirmeyen, \u00e7ok daha kolay ve eri\u015filebilir bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 haline gelmektedir. \u0130ster APT deposu \u00fczerinden \u00f6nerilen y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131n, ister .deb<\/code> paketi ile manuel kurulumu tercih edin, her iki durumda da sunucunuzu verimli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir araca sahip olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Kurulum sonras\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, SSL sertifikas\u0131 entegrasyonu ve port de\u011fi\u015ftirme gibi ad\u0131mlar, Webmin kurulumunuzun hem g\u00fcvenli hem de kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz yayg\u0131n sorunlara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle de donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak, Webmin deneyiminizin sorunsuz olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz. Art\u0131k Debian 10 sunucunuzu Webmin’in sezgisel aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinden kolayca y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flayabilir, zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 daha verimli kullanarak sistem y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revlerinizi basitle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n, Webmin’in sundu\u011fu mod\u00fcl zenginli\u011fi, sunucunuzu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeniz i\u00e7in neredeyse s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olanaklar sunar. Ke\u015ffetmeye devam edin ve sunucunuzun tam potansiyelini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n!<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi\nLinux sunucu y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (CLI) a\u015fina olmayan veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32769","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nDebian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi Linux sunucu y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (CLI) a\u015fina olmayan veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-25T16:41:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-25T16:41:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\"},\"wordCount\":3114,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Linux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-webmin-kurulumu-kapsamli-rehberi\/\",\"name\":\"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Webmin Kurulumu Kapsaml\u0131 Rehberi - 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